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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preservation of nitrifying capacity and nitrate availability in waterlogged soils by radial oxygen loss from roots of wetland plants (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 20 (1995), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Radial O2 loss ; Nitrification ; Waterlogging ; Rumex thyrsiflorus ; Rumex palustris ; Nitrate reductase ; Redox potential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of radial O2 loss from roots on nitrification and NO inf3 sup- availability were studied. Plants of the flooding-resistant species Rumex palustris and the flooding-sensitive species Rumex thyrsiflorus were grown on drained and waterlogged soils with an initially high nitrifying capacity. Nitrate reductase activity in the plant leaves was used as an indicator of NO inf3 sup- availability to the plants. In a separate experiment these species were shown to have higher levels of nitrate reductase activity when NO inf3 sup- was added to the soils compared to when only NH inf4 sup+ was provided. In drained soils nitrification was maintained and both plant species showed relatively high nitrate reductase activities in their leaves. In the water-logged series planted with R. thyrsiflorus, nitrification was inhibited, NH inf4 sup+ accumulated, and the plants grew less well compared to those on drained soils. In contrast, waterlogged soils planted with R. palustris had a redox potential high enough for O2 to be continuously replenished. Furthermore, the nitrifying capacity of these latter soils was maintained at a high level. R. palustris grew well and NO inf3 sup- must have been available to the plant, since a high level of nitrate reductase activity was observed in the leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336084
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of organic manure on nitrification in arable soils (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 12 (1991), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrification ; Integrated farming ; Conventional farming ; Ammonification ; Fluorescence antibody microscopy ; Nitrobacter spp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The production of nitrate by the process of nitrification is highly dependent on other N-transforming processes in the soil. Hence, changes in the type of N compound applied to enrich agricultural soils may affect the production of nitrate. The size and activity of the chemolithotrophic bacterial community were studied in an integrated farming system, with increased inputs of organic manure and reduced inputs of mineral nitrogenous fertilizer, versus conventional farming. The integrated farming had a positive effect on potential nitrifying activity, but not on the numbers of chemolithotrophic nitrifying bacteria as determined by a most probable number technique or by fluorescence antibody microscopy. Cells of the recently described nitrite-oxidizing species Nitrobacter hamburgensis and Nitrobacter vulgaris were just as common as the cells of the well known species Nitrobacter winogradskyi. It was concluded that nitrification is stimulated by integrated farming, presumably by an increased mineralization of ammonium which is not immediately consumed by the crop or immobilized in the heterotrophic microflora of the soil. Since nitrifying bacteria are involved in the production of NO and N2O, integrated farming with the application of manure may favour the production of noxious N-oxides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341492
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ net N transformations in pine, fir, and oak stands of different ages on acid sandy soil, 3 years after liming (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 120-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Lime ; Forest soil ; Nitrification ; N mineralization ; Nitrate leaching ; Pinus sylvestris ; Pseudotsuga menziesii ; Quercus robur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of liming on in-situ N transformations was studied in two stands of different ages of each of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco], and common oak (Quercus robur L.). The stands were located on acid sandy soils in an area with high atmospheric N input. The organic matter of the upper 10-cm layer of the soil, including the forest floor, had a relatively high N content (C: N ratio 〈25) in all stands. Using a sequential core technique, N transformations were measured in both control plots and plots that had been limed 3 years previously with 3 t ha-1 of dolomitic lime. Limed plots had a higher net NO inf3 sup- production and a higher potential for NO inf3 sup- leaching than the controls in all stands except that of the younger oak. Net N mineralization did not differ significantly between limed and control plots in oak stands and younger coniferous stands but was significantly lower in the limed plots of the older coniferous stands. It is concluded that long-term measurements of net N mineralization in limed forest soils are needed to evaluate the effect of liming with respect to the risk of groundwater pollution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336429
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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