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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gas hydrates 1 : fundamentals, characterization and modeling (2017)
    Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc | London : ISTE Ltd
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Natural gas Hydrates ; Natural gas Hydrates ; Natural gas ; Hydrates ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Power Resources ; General
    Description / Table of Contents: Gas hydrates, or clathrate hydrates, are crystalline solids resembling ice, in which small (guest) molecules, typically gases, are trapped inside cavities formed by hydrogen-bonded water (host) molecules. They form and remain stable under low temperatures - often well below ambient conditions - and high pressures ranging from a few bar to hundreds of bar, depending on the guest molecule. Their presence is ubiquitous on Earth, in deep-marine sediments and in permafrost regions, as well as in outer space, on planets or comets. In addition to water, they can be synthesized with organic species as host molecules, resulting in milder stability conditions: these are referred to as semi-clathrate hydrates. Clathrate and semi-clathrate hydrates are being considered for applications as diverse as gas storage and separation, cold storage and transport and water treatment. This book is the first of two edited volumes, with chapters on the experimental and modeling tools used for characterizing and predicting the unique molecular, thermodynamic and kinetic properties of gas hydrates (Volume 1) and on gas hydrates in their natural environment and for potential industrial applications (Volume 2)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    ISBN: 1119332680 , 1119427436 , 9781119332688 , 9781119427438
    Series Statement: Energy series
    URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/9781119332688
    URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119332688
    DOI: 10.1002/9781119332688
    Language: English
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gas Hydrates 2 : Geoscience Issues and Potential Industrial Applications (2018)
    Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Natural gas-Hydrates ; Natural gas-Hydrates ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Gashydrate ; Erdgasgewinnung
    Description / Table of Contents: Cover -- Half-Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- PART 1: Field study and laboratory experiments of hydrate-bearing sediments -- Introduction to Part 1 -- 1. Water Column Acoustics: Remote Detection of Gas Seeps -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Principle of the measurement -- 1.2.1. Instrumentations -- 1.2.2. Qualitative and quantitative measurements -- 1.3 Bibliography -- 2. Geophysical Approach -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Overview -- 2.3. Seismic processing -- 2.3.1. Positioning phase -- 2.3.2. Preprocessing phase -- 2.3.3. Processing phase -- 2.4. Example of gas hydrate exploration: the SYSIF instrument -- 2.5. Bibliography -- 3. Hydrate Seismic Detection -- 3.1. Wave velocities of hydrate-bearing sediments -- 3.1.1. Empirical equations -- 3.1.2. Effective medium theories -- 3.2. Bibliography -- 4. Geomorphology of Gas Hydrate-Bearing Pockmark -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Generalities about pockmarks -- 4.3. Impact of gas hydrate on seafloor deformation -- 4.4. Morphological evolution of gas hydrate pockmarks -- 4.5. Distinction between gas hydrate-bearing and gas hydratefree pockmarks -- 4.6. Bibliography -- 5. Geotechnics -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. The Penfeld system -- 5.2.1. Piezocone and acoustic soundings in gas hydrate-bearing sediments -- 5.3. Bibliography -- 6. Geochemistry -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Sampling geological materials from hydrate-bearing sediment -- 6.2.1. The Calypso corer -- 6.2.2. Sampling of sediments, carbonates and pore fluids from the Calypso corer -- 6.3. Analyses -- 6.3.1. Sediment and carbonate -- 6.3.2. Gases -- 6.3.3. Pore water -- 6.4. Bibliography -- 7. Benthic Ecosystem Study -- 7.1. Microbial ecology in hydrate-bearing sediments -- 7.1.1. Study sites containing hydrate-bearing sediments -- 7.1.2. Sampling strategy for microbiology study of hydrate-bearing sediments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (386 pages)
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    ISBN: 9781119522416
    Series Statement: Energy series
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kxp/detail.action?docID=5349052
    URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/bowker/toc/9781786302212.pdf
    DDC: 665.7
    Language: English
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 3
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    Phase Equilibria of the CH4-CO2 Binary and the CH4-CO2-H2O Ternary Mixtures in the Presence of a CO2-Rich Liquid Phase (2017)
    MDPI
    In:  Energies, 10 (12, Art. No. 2034).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: The knowledge of the phase behavior of carbon dioxide (CO2)-rich mixtures is a key factor to understand the chemistry and migration of natural volcanic CO2 seeps in the marine environment, as well as to develop engineering processes for CO2 sequestration coupled to methane (CH4) production from gas hydrate deposits. In both cases, it is important to gain insights into the interactions of the CO2-rich phase—liquid or gas—with the aqueous medium (H2O) in the pore space below the seafloor or in the ocean. Thus, the CH4-CO2 binary and CH4-CO2-H2O ternary mixtures were investigated at relevant pressure and temperature conditions. The solubility of CH4 in liquid CO2 (vapor-liquid equilibrium) was determined in laboratory experiments and then modelled with the Soave–Redlich–Kwong equation of state (EoS) consisting of an optimized binary interaction parameter kij(CH4-CO2) = 1.32 × 10−3 × T − 0.251 describing the non-ideality of the mixture. The hydrate-liquid-liquid equilibrium (HLLE) was measured in addition to the composition of the CO2-rich fluid phase in the presence of H2O. In contrast to the behavior in the presence of vapor, gas hydrates become more stable when increasing the CH4 content, and the relative proportion of CH4 to CO2 decreases in the CO2-rich phase after gas hydrate formation.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3390/en10122034
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  • 4
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    Multidisciplinary investigation on cold seeps with vigorous gas emissions in the Sea of Marmara (MarsiteCruise): Strategy for site detection and sampling and first scientific outcome (2018)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 153 . pp. 36-47.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: MarsiteCruise was undertaken in October/November 2014 in the Sea of Marmara to gain detailed insight into the fate of fluids migrating within the sedimentary column and partially released into the water column. The overall objective of the project was to achieve a more global understanding of cold-seep dynamics in the context of a major active strike-slip fault. Five remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives were performed at selected areas along the North Anatolian Fault and inherited faults. To efficiently detect, select and sample the gas seeps, we applied an original procedure. It combines sequentially (1) the acquisition of ship-borne multibeam acoustic data from the water column prior to each dive to detect gas emission sites and to design the tracks of the ROV dives, (2) in situ and real-time Raman spectroscopy analysis of the gas stream, and (3) onboard determination of molecular and isotopic compositions of the collected gas bubbles. The in situ Raman spectroscopy was used as a decision-making tool to evaluate the need for continuing with the sampling of gases from the discovered seep, or to move to another one. Push cores were gathered to study buried carbonates and pore waters at the surficial sediment, while CTD-Rosette allowed collecting samples to measure dissolved-methane concentration within the water column followed by a comparison with measurements from samples collected with the submersible Nautile during the Marnaut cruise in 2007. Overall, the visited sites were characterized by a wide diversity of seeps. CO2- and oil-rich seeps were found at the westernmost part of the sea in the Tekirdag Basin, while amphipods, anemones and coral populated the sites visited at the easternmost part in the Cinarcik Basin. Methane-derived authigenic carbonates and bacterial mats were widespread on the seafloor at all sites with variable size and distributions. The measured methane concentrations in the water column were up to 377 μmol, and the dissolved pore-water profiles indicated the occurrence of sulfate depleting processes accompanied with carbonate precipitation. The pore-water profiles display evidence of biogeochemical transformations leading to the fast depletion of seawater sulfate within the first 25-cm depth of the sediment. These results show that the North Anatolian Fault and inherited faults are important migration paths for fluids for which a significant part is discharged into the water column, contributing to the increase of methane concentration at the bottom seawater and favoring the development of specific ecosystems.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2018.03.006
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  • 5
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    Seafloor authigenic carbonate crusts along the submerged part of the North Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara: Mineralogy, geochemistry, textures and genesis (2018)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 153 . pp. 92-109.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Extensive seafloor authigenic carbonate crusts occur as pavements, mounds and chimneys along the North Anatolian Fault System (NAFS) in the Sea of Marmara. They are often covered or surrounded by patches of black Fe-sulphide-rich sediments, and associated with hydrocarbon-rich gas and brackish-water emissions in the 1250 m-deep deep basins and with deep saline formation waters and hydrocarbons emissions from mud volcanoes and anticlines on the 350–650 m-deep compressional highs. The authigenic carbonate crusts are commonly porous with sinter-like, botryoidal and sugary- granular textures, and constructed from cementation of framework elements consisting mainly of bivalve shells and shell fragments, serpulid tubes, fibrous microbial organic matter and rarely pebbles. The authigenic cements consist mainly of aragonite in most sites, but high Mg-calcite occurs as a major carbonate cement at some basinal sites, where the brackish former Marmara “Lake” waters emerge. The buoyant emission of brackish waters in the deep Marmara basins and deeply sourced fluids from the Tertiary Thrace basin at the compressional highs are supported by relatively low δ18O values (+0.5‰ to +3.8‰ V-PDB, average = +2.1‰V-PDB, n = 24) of carbonates in the former and high values (+2.6‰ to +3.4‰ V-PDB, average = +3.0‰, n = 9) in the latter areas. Low δ13C values (−47.6‰ to −13.7‰ V-PDB, average: −34.9‰ V-PDB, n = 33) and close association with black reduced sediments indicate that the seafloor authigenic carbonates are formed by the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) at or near the seafloor, as result of high methane flux, possibly during periods of high seismic activity. Authigenic carbonates from the Western and Central highs are relatively less depleted in 13C than those of the deep basin sites, suggesting both microbial and thermogenic methane source for the deep basins carbonates and mainly thermogenic hydrocarbon, with some contribution from the biodegradation of heavy hydrocarbons and gas hydrate dissociation, for carbonates from the compressional highs. U-Th ages of the authigenic carbonates range from less than 1 ka BP to 9.6 ka BP. The age distribution, together with the geochemical and mineralogical data, suggests that different processes such as seismo-tectonics and gas hydrates destabilization might have played important role in the authigenic carbonate formation in the Sea of Marmara over the last 10 ka.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.09.003
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  • 6
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    Experimental Study of Mixed Gas Hydrates from Gas Feed Containing CH4, CO2 and N2: Phase Equilibrium in the Presence of Excess Water and Gas Exchange (2018)
    MDPI
    In:  Energies, 11 (8). Art.Nr. 1984.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-18
    Description: This article presents gas hydrate experimental measurements for mixtures containing methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) with the aim to better understand the impact of water (H2O) on the phase equilibrium. Some of these phase equilibrium experiments were carried out with a very high water-to-gas ratio that shifts the gas hydrate dissociation points to higher pressures. This is due to the significantly different solubilities of the different guest molecules in liquid H2O. A second experiment focused on CH4-CO2 exchange between the hydrate and the vapor phases at moderate pressures. The results show a high retention of CO2 in the gas hydrate phase with small pressure variations within the first hours. However, for our system containing 10.2 g of H2O full conversion of the CH4 hydrate grains to CO2 hydrate is estimated to require 40 days. This delay is attributed to the shrinking core effect, where initially an outer layer of CO2-rich hydrate is formed that effectively slows down the further gas exchange between the vapor phase and the inner core of the CH4-rich hydrate grain.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3390/en11081984
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  • 7
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    Multiple gas reservoirs are responsible for the gas emissions along the Marmara fault network (2018)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 153 . pp. 48-60.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: On continental margins, upward migration of fluids from various sources and various subsurface accumulations, through the sedimentary column to the seafloor, leads to the development of cold seeps where chemical compounds are discharged into the water column. MarsiteCruise was undertaken in November 2014 to investigate the dynamics of cold seeps characterized by vigorous gas emissions in the Sea of Marmara (SoM).A previous paper published by Bourry et al. (2009) presented the gas geochemistry of three seeps sampled along three different segments in the SoM. Their findings showed that the seeps were sourced by three different reservoirs. In this paper, seventeen seeps were investigated to determine the gas sources, unravel reservoir contributions, and estimate their level of mixing. The molecular and stable isotope compositions of the gas compounds were determined to establish the empirical diagrams that usually allow to delineate source domains. The results provide insights into the complexities of source mixing within the sedimentary column of the SoM before emission of the gases into the water column. The seep gases originate from deep thermogenic or microbial hydrocarbon sources, or from a CO2-rich source. Microbial sources producing methane from primary methanogenesis have been identified in the Tekirdağand the Çinarcik basins. In addition, six different thermogenic reservoirs or six different pathways of migration are responsible for the supply of gas to the seeps on the highs and in the western basin. Five of them are undergoing biodegradation followed by secondary methanogenesis, thereby providing additional sources of microbial methane to the seeps. Overall, the gases emitted by the seventeen seeps consist of variable mixtures of different components from two or three sources.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.11.011
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  • 8
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    Undersea acoustic telemetry across the North Anatolian Fault, Marmara Sea: results from the first 6 months of monitoring of the fault displacement (2015)
    In:  [Poster] In: AGU Fall Meeting 2015, 14.-18.12.2015, San Francisco, USA .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-06
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Pore water geochemistry at two seismogenic areas in the Sea of Marmara (2015)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 16 . pp. 2038-2057.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-27
    Description: Within the Sea of Marmara, the highly active North Anatolian Fault (NAF) is responsible for major earthquakes (Mw ≥ 7), and acts as a pathway for fluid migration from deep sources to the seafloor. This work reports on pore water geochemistry from three sediment cores collected in the Gulfs of Izmit and Gemlik, along the Northern and the Middle strands of the NAF, respectively. The resulting data set shows that anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is the major process responsible for sulfate depletion in the shallow sediment. In the Gulf of Gemlik, depth concentration profiles of both sulfate and alkalinity exhibit a kink-type profile. The Sulfate Methane Transition Zone (SMTZ) is located at moderate depth in the area. In the Gulf of Izmit, the low concentrations observed near the seawater-sediment interface for sulfate, calcium, strontium, and magnesium result from rapid geochemical processes, AOM, and carbonate precipitation, occurring in the uppermost part of the sedimentary column and sustained by free methane accumulation. Barite dissolution and carbonate recrystallization have also been identified at deeper depth at the easternmost basin of the Gulf of Izmit. This is supported by the profile of the strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) as a function of depth which exhibits negative anomalies compared to the modern seawater value. The strontium isotopic signature also shows that these carbonates had precipitated during the reconnection of the Sea of Marmara with the Mediterranean Sea. Finally, a first attempt to interpret the sulfate profiles observed in the light of the seismic activity at both sites is presented. We propose the hypothesis that seismic activity in the areas is responsible for the transient sulfate profile, and that the very shallow SMTZ depths observed in the Gulf of Izmit is likely due to episodic release of significant amount of methane.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2015GC005798
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  • 10
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    Physicochemical Properties of Gas Hydrate‐bearing Sediments (2018)
    John Wiley & Sons
    In:  In: Gas Hydrates 2: Geoscience Issues and Potential Industrial Applications. , ed. by Ruffine, L., Broseta, D. and Desmedt, A. John Wiley & Sons, Newark, pp. 121-164.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-04
    Description: This chapter talks about physicochemical properties of gas hydrate‐bearing sediments. Lab‐based experiments are the most cost‐effective and systematic approach to evaluate physicochemical properties and behavior of gas hydrate‐bearing sediments in a systematic way. Physicochemical property studies were largely focused on measurements with respect to homogeneous and reproducible gas hydrate distributions. The chapter includes overviews of thermodynamic and kinetic constraints of relevant processes of gas hydrate formation, dissociation and conversion, fluid transport in gas hydrate‐bearing sediments, thermal and electrical properties and distribution of gas hydrates. It reviews some flow‐through experimental systems and procedures for studying the behavior of gas hydrate‐bearing sediments with different research objectives. The chapter provides a brief overview on available systems for high‐resolution online fluid monitoring, as well as tools for a destruction‐free analysis of the multiphase sample with emphasis on tomographic techniques.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/9781119451174.ch8
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