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  • intergeneric hybrids  (3)
  • Monkey  (2)
  • Picea engelmannii  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of 5-lipoxygenase inhibition on Ascaris antigen (Ag)-induced responses in atopic monkeys (1996)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 45 (1996), S. 42-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Airway hyperresponsiveness ; ZD2138 ; Zileuton ; 5-lipoxygenase ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of two 5-lipoxygenase (5LO) inhibitors, ZD2138 or Zileuton, on acute, inflammatory responses to aerosolizedAscaris suum (Ag) were determined in atopicMacaca fascicularis monkeys. Monkeys (n=6 each group) were dosed with vehicle, 3 or 10 mg/kg ZD2138, or 30 mg/kg Zileuton (p.o.). Both ZD2138 or Zileuton significantly inhibited ex vivo LTB4 production in Ca2+ ionophore-stimulated whole blood from these same monkeys (n=6 each group) by 45.5% (3 mg/kg ZD2138), 82.5% (10 mg/kg ZD2138) and 84.3% (30 mg/kg Zileuton). ZD2138 (10 mg/kg) reduced bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) LTE4 levels (65.1% inhibition), BAL neutrophils (88.9% inhibition), and IL-6 (54.0% inhibition) 4h post Ag. Zileuton inhibited these responses and also reduced BAL levels of IL-8 (73.4% inhibition). A second study was performed to evaluate the effects of ZD2138 on chronic Ag-induced responses. Treatment with ZD2138 did not prevent pulmonary inflammation or the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Based upon these results, 5LO inhibition significantly reduced ex vivo LTB4 and in vivo LTE4 production as well as several acute inflammatory responses to Ag in the lung. However, ZD2138 did not inhibit more chronic responses following multiple Ag exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263504
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a primate model of asthma using anti-allergy/ anti-asthma agents (1996)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 45 (1996), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Airway hyperresponsiveness ; Monkey ; Anti-histamine ; β-agonist ; Steroid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The following study was performed to further characterize a primate model of asthma using classes of drugs that target allergy (pyrilamine, cetirizine), are bronchodilators for the treatment of asthma (salbutamol, salmeterol) or are anti-inflammatory (dexamethasone). These drugs were examined for their ability to inhibit acute, antigen-induced bronchoconstriction, the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and the infiltration of leukocytes into the lungs of atopic cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca facsicularis) using a 10-day, multiple antigen (Ag) challenge protocol. All compounds except dexamethasone and cetirizine significantly (p〈0.05) reduced acute, Ag-induced bronchoconstriction (salbutamol: 74.2%, salmeterol: 52.6%%, pyrilamine: 62.4% inhibition) compared to vehicle control trials. Only dexamethasone and salmeterol prevented the development of AHR to methacholine challenge by 90.4±6.81% and 85.7±5.61% respectively. Dexamethasone significantly reduced the Ag-induced increase in BAL eosinophils by 85.9±8.53%. Cetirizine reduced the eosinophil response in 5 of 6 monkeys and salmeterol demonstrated a trend towards reduced eosinophil increases after multiple Ag challeng, but neither of these were statistically significant. These results further illustrate the utility of this model in predicting compound effects against several relevant functional endpoints that are consistent with the effects of similar classes of compounds in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259610
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of krummholz mat microclimate on needle physiology and survival (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 73 (1987), S. 82-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Timberline ; Krummholz ; Microclimate ; Picea engelmannii ; Abies lasiocarpa ; Photosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Microclimate and photosynthesis of krummholz mat growth forms of Picea engelmanii (Parry) and Abies lasiocarpa [Hook.] Nutt. were investigated to determine structural features which may aid survival in alpine environments. The structure of krummholz mats was described in terms of the vertical distribution of leaf area index and leaf area density, which exceeded 50 m-1 (based on total leaf surface area) near the canopy surface and approached zero below 30 cm from the surface in both species. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD, 0.4–0.7 μm wavelengths) and wind decreased by an average of 6 and 50-fold, respectively, between 1 m above and 10 cm below mat surfaces in both species. Needle temperatures on a P. engelmannii krummholz mat during July averaged about 2°C above air temperature during the day, with a maximum overtemperature of greater than 20°C above T air during one sunlit period. At night, needle temperatures averaged 3–4°C below T air. Net photosynthesis in year-old P. engelmannii shoots reached a maximum at 15–20°C during July and August. Surface shoots were light saturated at near 1200 μmoles m-2s-1 PPFD, and had higher photosynthetic rates than subsurface, predominantly shaded shoots above 800 μmoles m-2s-1. Shade shoots had higher photosynthetic rates when PPFD was below 600 μmoles m-2s-1, and at 250 μmoles m-2s-1 shade shoots maintained about 50% of the net photosynthetic rate of sun shoots at light saturation. Shade shoots appeared capable of benefitting photosynthetically from elevated temperatures within krummholz mats despite relatively low light levels. Especially rapid photosynthesis may occur when canopy needles are illuminated by sunflecks and needle temperatures rise by 10° C or more. Snow cover appears crucial for the survival of needles during winter. Snow accumulated within krummholz needle canopies before the sub-canopy zone of unfoliated branches became filled. The concentrated needle growth in the krummholz canopy captured snow in early autumn without support from ground-level snowpack. Early snow cover in both species prevented cuticle abrasion and resulted in high winter needle water contents and viabilities for subsurface compared to surface needles which became abraded, severely dehydrated, and had high mortality between December and February, especially on windward sides of shoots. Extremely high concentrations of needles within krummholz mat canopies created an aerodynamic structure which elevated needle temperatures to more optimal photosynthetic levels in summer and resulted in more efficient snow accumulation in winter. These factors appear crucial for winter needle survival. Thus, krummholz mats appear to be an important adaptation in growth form which provides survival benefits in both summer and winter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376981
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of cold soil and snowcover on photosynthesis and leaf conductance in two Rocky Mountain conifers (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 80 (1989), S. 546-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Soil temperature ; Photosynthesis ; Picea engelmannii ; Pinus contorta ; Roots ; Snow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The influence of cold soil and snowcover on photosynthesis and conductance of Picea engelmannii and Pinus contorta was investigated early in the growing season in the Medicine Bow Mountains, Wyoming, USA. Trees of both species growing in cold soil (〈1°C) associated with snowpack had 25–40% lower leaf photosynthesis than trees in warm soils (〉10°C). In cold soils leaf conductance of both species was lower, but more so in Pinus, leading to lower intercellular CO2 concentrations and greater stomatal limitation of photosynthesis. Soil temperature had no effect on predawn and midday shoot water potentials of Pinus and Picea and lower photosynthesis and conductance did not appear to be a result of lower bulk shoot water potential. Predawn, as well as midday, water potentials of Pinus were consistently higher than Picea suggesting that Pinus may have deeper roots, although trenching experiments indicated young Picea trees have more extensive lateral root systems than similar sized Pinus trees. Young Picea trees (〈2 m in height) in snowbanks were capable of utilizing warmer soil 4 m from their base. Under similar conditions Pinus in snowbanks had lower photosynthesis and conductance than controls and Pinus did not appear capable of utilizing warmer soils nearby. Under full sunlight, PPFD reflected from the snow surface was 400–1400 μmol m-2 s-1 higher than from snow-free surfaces. This reflected light resulted in a 10%–20% increase in photosynthesis of Picea. The beneficial effect of reflected light was apparent whether or not photosynthesis was reduced by low soil temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380080
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intergeneric crosses with Fragaria and Potentilla. I. Crosses between Fragaria moschata and Potentilla fruticosa (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 725-735 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Fragaria moschata ; Potentilla fruticosa ; intergeneric hybrids ; embryo culture ; parthenogenesis ; aneuploidy ; polyploidy ; chromosome elimination ; genetic variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Crosses between Fragaria moschata (2n=42) and Potentilla fruticosa (2n=14) produced many seeds; about half of these germinated, but only nine plants were obtained from 554 seedlings. Five plants died without flowering, and four were vigorous but sterile. Four plants had the expected chromosome number (2n=28), one plant had 21 chromosomes, and four were aneuploid with 23, 24, 25 and 27 chromosomes respectively. Response to growth substances giving elongated stem internodes and swollen but not succulent receptacles provided evidence that two of the plant were hybrids. It is suggested that all nine plants originated from a normal fertilisation which was followed in some cases by chromosome elimination at an early stage of embryo development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035410
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pollen storage of Fragaria and Potentilla (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 41 (1989), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Fragaria ; Potentilla ; intergeneric hybrids ; pollen storage ; temperature ; relative humidity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Low temperature and humidity were used for the storage of pollen of four species of Fragaria (2n=14, 42 and 56) and two species of Potentilla (2n=14). The stainability of Fragaria pollen was assessed over a number of years by use of aceto-carmine stain and its viability by cross-pollinations; stainability of Potentilla pollen was assessed by acetocarmine. Fragaria pollen so stored remained stainable for seven years and showed the ability to set seed for three years. over the latter period, aceto-carmine staining gave a reasonable prediction of seed set produced by the stored pollen of Fragaria and so is of value in estimating pollen viability in that genus. Potentilla pollen remained stainable for three years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022412
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In tergeneric crosses with Fragaria and Potentilla. II. Crosses between the progeny of Fragaria moschata x Potentilla fruticosa and the original parents (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 737-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Eragaria moschata ; Potentilla fruticosa ; intergeneric hybrids ; backcrossing ; embryo culture ; parthenogenesis ; ancuploidy ; polyploidy ; unreduced gametes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An aneuploid hybrid (2n=23) of Fragaria moschata (2n=42) and Potentilla fruticosa (2n=14) was backcrossed with pollen of both parents, separately and combined in a pollen mixture. Seven vigorous progeny were obtained. The origin of the exeptional chromosome numbers, 2n=44, 49, 63, 63, 65, 67, 67, is discussed, and it is shown that each of the numbers could be produced by the fertilisation of unreduced and double unreduced gametes of the hybrid by normally reduced gametes of one of the parental species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035411
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