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  • 1
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    Export of strongly diluted Greenland meltwater from a major glacial fjord (2018)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 45 (2018): 4163-4170, doi:10.1029/2018GL077000.
    Description: The Greenland Ice Sheet has been, and will continue, losing mass at an accelerating rate. The influence of this anomalous meltwater discharge on the regional and large‐scale ocean could be considerable but remains poorly understood. This uncertainty is in part a consequence of challenges in observing water mass transformation and meltwater spreading in coastal Greenland. Here we use tracer observations that enable unprecedented quantification of the export, mixing, and vertical distribution of meltwaters leaving one of Greenland's major glacial fjords. We find that the primarily subsurface meltwater input results in the upwelling of the deep fjord waters and an export of a meltwater/deepwater mixture that is 30 times larger than the initial meltwater release. Using these tracer data, the vertical structure of Greenland's summer meltwater export is defined for the first time showing that half the meltwater export occurs below 65 m.
    Description: National Science Foundation Grant Number: OCE-1536856
    Description: 2018-11-05
    Keywords: Greenland ; Ocean-glacier interactions ; Fjord circulation ; Meltwater ; Noble gas ; Overturning
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    Spreading of Greenland meltwaters in the ocean revealed by noble gases (2015)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2015. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 42 (2015): 7705–7713, doi:10.1002/2015GL065003.
    Description: We present the first noble gas observations in a proglacial fjord in Greenland, providing an unprecedented view of surface and submarine melt pathways into the ocean. Using Optimum Multiparameter Analysis, noble gas concentrations remove large uncertainties inherent in previous studies of meltwater in Greenland fjords. We find glacially modified waters with submarine melt concentrations up to 0.66 ± 0.09% and runoff 3.9 ± 0.29%. Radiogenic enrichment of Helium enables identification of ice sheet near-bed melt (0.48 ± 0.08%). We identify distinct regions of meltwater export reflecting heterogeneous melt processes: a surface layer of both runoff and submarine melt and an intermediate layer composed primarily of submarine melt. Intermediate ocean waters carry the majority of heat to the fjords' glaciers, and warmer deep waters are isolated from the ice edge. The average entrainment ratio implies that ocean water masses are upwelled at a rate 30 times the combined glacial meltwater volume flux.
    Description: We gratefully acknowledge funding from WHOI's Ocean and Climate Change Institute, the Doherty Postdoctoral Scholarship, and ship time from the Advanced Climate Dynamics Summer School (SiU grant NNA-2012/10151).
    Description: 2016-03-30
    Keywords: Glacial melt ; Noble gases ; Tracers ; Meltwater ; Greenland ; Fjord
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    A compilation of dissolved noble gas and N2/Ar ratio measurements collected from 1999-2016 in locations spanning the globe (2022)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Global Noble Gases
    Description: Inert gases dissolved in the ocean are powerful tracers of the impact of physical processes on gases, particularly air-sea gas exchange (by both diffusive and bubble-meditated processes), temperature change, atmospheric pressure variation, mixing between different water masses, and ice processes. We have compiled a global ocean database of dissolved neon, argon, and krypton measurements, supplemented by helium, xenon, and nitrogen/argon (N2/Ar) ratios in some locations. Samples were collected on board multiple research cruises spanning the period 1999 through 2016 and analyzed by mass spectrometry at four different shore-based laboratories (University of Victoria, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, University of Washington, and Scripps Institution of Oceanography). Version 2.0 corrects an incorrect sign in the longitude for cruise 33KI20040814:HOT162 in version 1.0. The error in the database does not affect any figures in the publication (doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063604). For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/743867
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-0623034, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-0926659, National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) 328290-2006, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1130870, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1232991, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1029299, National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) 329290-2012, National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) 433848-2012, National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) 433898-2012, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-9617487, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-9819181, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-9906922, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-0221247, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-0242139, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-0647979, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-0825394
    Keywords: Noble gases ; Nitrogen ; Neon ; Argon ; Krypton ; Carbon pumps
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 4
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    The five stable noble gases are sensitive unambiguous tracers of glacial meltwater (2014)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 41 (2014): 2835–2841, doi:10.1002/2013GL058804.
    Description: The five inert noble gases—He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe—exhibit a unique dissolved gas saturation pattern resulting from the formation and addition of glacial meltwater to seawater. He and Ne become oversaturated, and Ar, Kr, and Xe become undersaturated to varying percentages. For example, addition of 10‰ glacial meltwater to seawater results in a saturation anomaly of ΔHe = 12.8%, ΔNe = 8.9%, ΔAr = −0.5%, ΔKr = −2.2%, and ΔXe = −3.3%. This pattern in noble gas saturation reflects a unique meltwater signature that is distinct from the other major physical processes that modify the gas concentration and saturation, namely, seasonal changes in temperature at the ocean surface and bubble mediated gas exchange. We use Optimum Multiparameter analysis to illustrate how all five noble gases can help distinguish glacial meltwater from wind-driven bubble injection, making them a potentially valuable suite of tracers for glacial melt and its concentration in the deep waters of the world ocean.
    Description: We are grateful to the National Science Foundation (OCE825394 and OCE0752980) for support of this research.
    Description: 2014-10-16
    Keywords: Tracers ; Noble gases ; Meltwater ; Glacier ; Glacial ice ; Latent heat
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/msword
    Format: application/postscript
    Format: application/pdf
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