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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Venous structures associated with thermoregulation of phocid seal reproductive organs (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 243 (1995), S. 390-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Seals ; Circulation ; Thermoregulation ; Veins ; Reproduction ; Phoca vitulina ; Haliochoerus gryphus ; Phoca groendlandica ; Cystophora cristata ; Phoca hispida ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Backgound: Seal reproductive systems are surrounded by thermogenic muscle and insulating blubber, suggesting elevated temperatures at the gonads and uterus. In the limbs of terrestrial mammals, cooled blood returning from superficial veins is mixed proximally with warm blood returning from deep veins. Thus, mixed cool-superficial and warmdeep venous blood from the hind limbs is returned to the central circulation.Methods: We describe structures observed in salvaged carcasses of harbor (Phoca vitulina), gray (Haliochoerus gryphus), harp (Phoca groendlandica), hooded (Cystophora cristata), and ringed (Phoca hispida) seals. Vessels were identified by dissection of injected and uninjected material.Results: In contrast to terrestrial mammals, phocid seals have anastomoses between the veins of the distal hind limb and the pelvis which allow large volumes of cool blood returning from the skin surface of the flipper to enter the gluteal, pelvic, or pudendo-epigastric veins. This provides a cool-superficial venous return that remains separate from the warm-deep venous return of the femoral veins. The cooled venous blood from the hind flippers supplies venous plexuses lining the inguinal region and the abdominal and pelvic cavities.Conclusions: Cooled blood may prevent hyperthermic insult to seal reproductive systems. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092430314
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomical evidence for a countercurrent heat exchanger associated with dolphin testes (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 232 (1992), S. 150-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cetaceans possess cryptic testes that lie within the abdominal cavity, that are surrounded by primary locomotor muscles, and that are presumably exposed to core or above core body temperatures. It has remained a question as to how cetaceans produce and store viable sperm at these high temperatures. We offer anatomical evidence for a two layer arterio-venous countercurrent heat exchanger at the cetacean testis. Subcutaneous veins from the peripheral surfaces of the dorsal fin and flukes carry cool blood from the fins to the lumbo-caudal venous plexus. The lumbo-caudal venous plexus is juxtaposed to the spermatic arterial plexus, which supplies the testis. Venous plexus flow is from the ventro-lateral margins of the visceral cavity towards the vena cava. Arterial plexus flow is from the aorta towards the ventro-lateral margins of the visceral cavity and into the testis. The existence of a countercurrent heat exchanger suggests that cetaceans potentially compensate for detrimental effects of core temperatures on sperm viability and storage by regulating the temperature of blood flow to the testis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092320117
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional morphology of the vascular plexuses associated with the cetacean uterus (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 237 (1993), S. 538-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Cetacean ; Thermoregulation ; Countercurrent heat exchange ; Uterus ; Fetal development ; Reproductive system ; Vascular plexus ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cetacean reproductive system is surrounded by thermogenic locomotory muscle and insulating blubber. This arrangement suggests elevated temperatures at the uterus that could induce detrimental effects on fetal development. We present anatomical evidence for a complex countercurrent heat exchange system that could function to regulate the thermal environment of the uterus and a developing fetus. Cooled venous blood from the surfaces of the dorsal fin and flukes enters the abdominal cavity via the lumbo-caudal venous plexus. This plexus is juxtaposed to the arterial and venous plexuses associated with the uterus. The morphology of the lumbo-caudal venous plexus suggests that it acts as a “heat sink” for the adjacent tissues. Heat may be transferred to the cool, lumbo-caudal venous plexus from the warm blood in the arterial and venous plexuses supplying the uterus. Heat may also be transferred from adjacent locomotory muscles to the cool lumbo-caudal venous plexus. The countercurrent heat exchanger created by the juxtaposition of the lumbo-caudal venous plexus with the uterovarian arterial plexus is similar in design to that of the countercurrent heat exchanger described for male cetaceans. The functional implications of introducing cool superficial blood into the abdominal cavity of a diving, and locomoting female cetacean are discussed. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092370414
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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