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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-12-19
    Description: “Infochemicals” (information-conveying chemicals) dominate much of the underwater communication in biological systems. They influence the movement and behavior of organisms, the ecological interactions between and across populations, and the trophic structure of marine food webs. However, relative to their terrestrial equivalents, the wider ecological and economic importance of marine infochemicals remains understudied and a concerted, cross-disciplinary effort is needed to reveal the full potential of marine chemical ecology. We highlight current challenges with specific examples and suggest how research on the chemical ecology of marine organisms could provide opportunities for implementing new management solutions for future “blue growth” (the sustainable use of ocean resources) and maintaining healthy marine ecosystems.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Endotoxin ; Limulus test ; Leucocytosis ; Liver cirrhosis ; Septicemia ; Endotoxin ; Limulus Test ; Leukozytose ; Leberzirrhose ; Sepsis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die fragliche Spezifität des Limulus Amebozyten Lysat (LAL) Testes bei der Diagnose der Endotoxinaemie stellt einen limitierenden Faktor für seinen klinischen Einsatz dar. Mit Hilfe eines Femtogramm-sensitiven spektrophotometrischen LAL Testes zeigten 35 von 36 septischen postoperativen Patienten eine gute Korrelation (fast 100%) zwischen positiven LAL Testen und Blutkultur positiven gram-negativen Bakteriaemien. 20 Patienten dieser Gruppe zeigten eine signifikante Korrelation (2p〈0.05) zwischen erhöhten Leukozytenzahlen und Escherichia coli Endotoxin Äquivalenten (EcEä). Bei 22 Patienten mit Leberzirrhose und einer potentiell enterogenen Endotoxinaemie konnten LAL positive Reaktionen (100%) nachgewiesen werden, aber 9 von 22 korrelierten signifikant (2p〈0.01) zwischen Leukozytose und erhöhten EcEä. Eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen EcEä und Leukozytenzahlen wurde für alle Neonaten und Schwangeren (2p〈0.001, 2p〈0.01) festgestellt. In vitro Tests zeigten, daß Leukozyten positive LAL Tests bewirkten. Überstände der mit Ficoll sedimentierten groben Leukozyten-Präparationen induzierten eine LAL Positivität in einer dosisabhängigen Form, während alle Reagentien per se, die für die Präparation gebraucht wurden, negativ waren. Diese Arbeit legt die Vermutung nahe, daß hitze-labile Faktoren von Leukozyten neben Endotoxin für positive LAL Reaktionen verantwortlich sind.
    Notes: Summary The question of specificity of Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test in the diagnosis of endotoxemia has been a limiting factor of its clinical application. Using a femtogram-sensitive spectrophotometric LAL assay 35 of 36 septic postoperative patients showed an excellent correlation (almost 100%) between positive LAL tests and culture-proven gramnegative bacteremia. Twenty patients of this group demonstrated a significant correlation (2p〈0.05) between elevated total white blood cell counts and Escherichia coli Endotoxin equivalents (EcEe). All 22 liver cirrhotic patients with potentially enteric endotoxemia yielded LAL positive reactions (100%) but 9 of 22 correlated significantly as to leucocytosis and elevated EcEe (2p〈0.01). A significant correlation between EcEe and leucocyte counts was found for all neonates and all parturients respectively (2p〈0.001, 2p〈0.01). In vitro tests showed that leucocytes gave positive LAL tests. Supernates of a Ficoll sedimented crude leucocyte preparations, induced LAL positivity in a dose dependent manner, while all reagents per se used in the preparation, were negative. This study suggests that heat-labile factors from leucocytes apart from endotoxin are responsible for positive LAL reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 54 (1976), S. 601-606 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: IgG-Antiglobuline ; Immunadsorptionstechnik ; Rheumatoide Arthritis ; Chronische Lebererkrankung ; IgG-Antiglobulins ; Immunoadsorbent technique ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Chronic liver disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Antiglobulin factors of the IgG class were measured in human sera by a modified immunoadsorbent-technique involving absorption to and elution from insoluble preparations of horse IgG. 32 mg of horse IgG insolubilized with bisdiazotized benzidine were used for quantitative immunoadsorption of IgG antiglobulins from 100 µl serum. Different IgG-antiglobulin concentrations could be obtained in two control groups differing in age. Elevated IgG-antiglobulins levels were found both in seropositive (mean value 23.21±7.08 µg/ml serum) and seronegative (mean value 20.06±8.39 µg/ml serum) RA patients. High values of IgG-antiglobulins were found in chronic liver disorders, particularly in the group of CAH patients (mean value 25.10±6.1 µg/ml serum).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Antiglobuline der IgG-Klasse wurden in humanen Seren mit Hilfe einer modifizierten Immunadsorptionstechnik, die Adsorption an und Elution von unlöslichen Pferde-IgG-Präparationen beinhaltet, gemessen. 32 mg eines bis-diazotierten Pferde-IgG-Polymerisats wurden verwandt für die quantitative Immunadsorption von IgG-Antiglobulinen aus 100 µl Serum. In zwei Kontrollgruppen mit Altersunterschieden konnten unterschiedliche IgG-Antiglobulinkonzentrationen nachgewiesen werden. Erhöhte IgG-Antiglobulinspiegel wurden sowohl bei seropositiven (Mittelwert 23,21±7,08 µg/ml Serum) als auch bei seronegativen (Mittelwert 20.06±8,39 µg/ml Serum) Patienten mit chronischer Polyarthritis gefunden. Hohe IgG-Antiglobulinwerte wurden bei chronischen Lebererkrankungen festgestellt, besonders bei Patienten mit chronisch aktiver Hepatitis (Mittelwert 25,10±6,1 µg/ml Serum).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 986-991 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Endotoxin ; Limulus amebocyte lysate test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In patients with severe underlying disease and in polytraumatized patients, clinical signs of septicemia caused by infections with gram-negative bacteria are observed postoperatively with increasing frequency. Using a photometric LAL test, a longitudinal assessment of LAL reactivity on 41 intensive care patients was performed. Postoperatively, all patients developed a septicemia of different severity with body temperatures 〉38.5° C. Dividing the individual disease course, related to body temperatures, into three phases (A-C) it was found that independent of the severity of septicemia, the majority of patients (38/41) yielded a positive LAL reactivity. In phase B (body temperature 〉38.5° C) more plasma samples contained LAL-reactive material than in phase A and C (body temperature 〈38.5° C). A decline of fever (phase B to C) correlated significantly (P 〈 0.05) with the change from positive to negative LAL reactivity. In patients with high leukocyte counts (15–50 × 109/l) a positive LAL reactivity was found more frequently. The majority of patients (21/27) who survived were transferred with negative LAL reactivity to the general wards. The results suggest that single determinations of LAL reactivity are of limited clinical validity. Using the individual profile of LAL reactivity gained through a longitudinal assessment, data upon the development of the disease course can be obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 207 (1965), S. 1084-1085 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The experiment has now been performed in Sydney, Australia. For this we should like to express appreciation for assistance from the University of Sydney, Tufts University, and the U.S. National Science Foundation. The apparatus was modelled on Shapiro's. It was a tank, 6 ft. in diameter and 9 in. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 6 (1988), S. 115-137 
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Developmental Biology 142 (1990), S. 138-146 
    ISSN: 0012-1606
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Using sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and antiglobulin preparations obtained from such sera, inhibition of human lymphocyte cytotoxicity in antibody-dependent (ADCC) and spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC) reactions against an allogeneic melanoma cell line (IGR3) has been demonstrated. Fractionation of effector cell preparations indicated that Fc-receptor-bearing lymphocytes were operative in both reactions. Removal of phagocytic and adherent cells from the effector cell population resulted in more pronounced inhibition of SCMC and ADCC reactions by rheumatoid sera. The results indicate that anti-globulin preparations from human sera containing rheumatoid factor activity can effectively block the cytotoxic activity of Fc-receptor-bearing effector lymphocytes (K cells) in vitro. On analogy with the inhibition of ADCC and SCMC reactions by immune complexes and aggregated IgG, antiglobulin complexes present in the antiglobulin preparations are responsible for this effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Psychosomatic Research 36 (1992), S. 439-447 
    ISSN: 0022-3999
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Psychosomatic Research 36 (1992), S. 125-136 
    ISSN: 0022-3999
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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