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  • Larus cachinnans  (1)
  • renesting  (1)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Audouin's gull ; yellow-legged gull ; Larus audouinii ; Larus cachinnans ; Diet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The diets of two potential competitor species, Audouin's Larus audouinii and yellow-legged gulls Larus cachinnans, were examined while they bred at the Chafarinas Islands during 1993, 1994, and 1995. Data were collected during two commercial fishing regimes: (1) trawling and purse seine fisheries, and (2) diurnal trawlers only. Since the food supply for the gulls in this area was heavily reliant on the activity of purse seine fisheries, these contrasting situations allowed us to analyze short-term effects, induced by daily changes in food supply, on niche width, dietary shift, and niche overlap between the two species. Overall, both species relied mainly on fish for food, especially Clupeiforms, in the case of Audouin's gull irrespective of the fishing situation, and in the case of the yellow-legged gull, only when purse seine fishing was in operation. When purse seine boats did not operate (food shortage), yellow-legged gulls broadened their niche, consuming equal amounts of all the feeding resources, and they showed a dietary shift toward a greater consumption of prey from refuse tips. In contrast, Audouin's gulls did not change their niche width, but showed a slight dietary shift away from the consumption of epipelagic fish, compensated by an increase in reliance on benthic-mesopelagic resources. Niche overlap was clearly higher on days when both fishing fleets operated, probably because a superabundant food resource facilitates high overlap without affecting coexistence between the two species. Since our study was developed on the basis of daily variations in food supply, and competition effects are to be expected on a longer-term basis, these changes can be seen as the outcome of the coexistence of two species in stable competitive equilibrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 140 (1999), S. 491-498 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Keywords: age ; breeding failure ; divorce ; nest dispersal ; renesting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Von 1993–1997 untersuchten wir Neststandort- und Partnertreue ersatzbrütender Flußseeschwalben (Sterna hirundo) in einer Kolonie, die im Banter See, Wilhelmshaven, auf sechs künstlichen Inseln brütet. Transponder ermöglichten die lebenslange individuelle Erkennung der Altvögel. Neststandort- und Partnertreue innerhalb der Brutsaison und zwischen den Jahren wurden verglichen. Innerhalb der Brutsaison kam Scheidung nicht vor. Eine Trennungsrate von 25% zwischen den Jahren deutet darauf hin, daß die Kosten einer intrasaisonalen Scheidung höher sind als die diejenigen einer Scheidung zwischen den Jahren. 75% der ersatzbrütenden Paare wählten den neuen Neststandort weniger als 4,3 m vom Platz des Erstgeleges entfernt (n=26). 75% der partnertreuen Paare brüteten im Folgejahr nur 1,25 m entfernt vom Neststandort des Vorjahres (n=57). Die Entfernungen zum Neststandort des Folgegeleges innerhalb und zwischen den Jahren unterschieden sich nicht signifikant, waren aber deutlich geringer, als nach einer Zufallsverteilung zu erwarten war. Die meisten Flußseeschwalben wechselten den Neststandort bei einer Ersatzbrut oder im Folgejahr, aber meist wurde das folgende Gelege im ursprünglichen Territorium angelegt. Folglich führt ein Verlust der Erstbrut weder zu erhöhter Scheidungsrate noch zu stärkerer Verlagerung des Neststandorts, verglichen mit der Situation zwischen Jahren. Auch der Einfluß des Alters und Termins des Brutverlusts auf die Distanzen zwischen Erst- und Ersatzgelege wurden untersucht. Späte ersatzbrütende Paare verlegten ihren Neststandort nicht. Eine multiple Regressionsanalyse verdeutlichte, daß die Distanz zum Ersatz-Neststandort abnimmt, je länger der erste Brutversuch andauerte und je älter das Paar war.
    Notes: Summary We studied nest-site and mate fidelity in renesting Common Terns (Sterna hirundo), from 1993 to 1997, in a Common Tern colony breeding on six small artificial islands in the harbour area in Wilhelmshaven (German North Sea coast). Implanted transponders made possible individual recognition of the adults throughout their lifetime. We compared intra-season rates of nest-site and mate fidelity with between-year rates. Intra-season divorce was never observed. On the other hand, inter-year divorce was estimated at about 25%, suggesting that the costs of intra-season divorce are higher or opportunities for divorce are lower than between years. For 75% of 26 pairs that renested within the same season, the distance moved was less than 4.3 m. For 75% of 57 faithful pairs between two consecutive seasons, the distance moved was less than 1.25 m. Dispersal distances between and within years did not differ significantly but were clearly shorter than a paired random distribution of nests. Most of the birds changed the nest-site either when renesting or between years, but most of the new scapes can be considered as lying within the original territory. Thus, failure of the first breeding attempt increased neither divorce nor nest-site dispersal as compared with between-year rates. We also studied the influence of parental age and the date of breeding failure on distances moved in renesting birds. Late renesting pairs did not change the nest-site. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the longer the duration of the first breeding attempt and the older the pair, the shorter the nest dispersal distance.
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