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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Idiopathic prolactin cell hyperplasia of the pituitary mimicking prolactin cell adenoma: a morphological study including immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, and in situ hybridization (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hyperplasia ; Pituitary ; Pathology ; Prolactin ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Prolactin cell adenoma is the most frequently found lesion in surgically removed pituitaries of patients with hyperprolactinemia. However, in several instances, instead of prolactin cell adenoma, other lesions are encountered by morphological investigation. We report here the morphological findings in a patient with hyperprolactinemia who underwent transsphenoidal pituitary surgery for suspected prolactin cell adenoma. A morphological diagnosis of tumor could not be confirmed and massive diffuse prolactin cell hyperplasia was identified. The aim of this publication is to describe the lesion by histology, immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, and in situ hybridization and to call attention to primary prolactin cell hyperplasia which can mimic prolactin cell adenoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293958
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energetics of lactation in harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 166 (1996), S. 295-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Key words Energetics ; Lactation ; Maternal investment ; Behaviour ; Harp seals ; Phoca groenlandica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  This study reports the findings of an integrated, comprehensive analysis of lactation energetics in harp seals conducted using longitudinal measurements of mass, body composition and milk composition from mother-pup pairs in conjunction with water flux measurements in pups. The nursing period of harp seals is a short, intense and relatively efficient period of energy transfer from mothers to pups. The average daily milk intake for pups was 3.65±0.24 kg which is equivalent to 79.5 MJ of energy. Eighty-one per cent of the energy received in the milk was metabolisable and 66% of the energy was stored by the pups as body tissue. The field metabolic rate of pups was 3.9±0.4 time basal metabolic rate. The pups were growing at a rate of 2.2 kg per day during the nursing period. The distribution of this mass gain varied in terms of tissue composition, depending on the age of the pups, but over the whole nursing period approximately half of the tissue was stored as fat. Harp seal mothers lost an average of 3.1 kg per day during lactation which was composed of 37% water, 50% fat, 11% protein and 2% ash. Mothers spent half of their time during the lactation period actively diving and only one-third of their time on the surface of the ice. Milk compositional changes followed the normal phocid pattern with increasing fat content and decreasing water content as lactation progressed. The mean mass transfer efficiency was 73%. However, this value cannot be used without qualification because female harp seals in this study fed to varying degrees, consuming an estimated 0–4.8 kg of fish per day. Feeding does not appear to be required in order to achieve the energy requirements for lactation, given the energy stores possessed by females, and some females do fast through the entire period so feeding may be considered opportunistic in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003600050011
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energetics of lactation in harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) from the gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 166 (1996), S. 295-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Energetics ; Lactation ; Maternal investment ; Behaviour ; Harp seals,Phoca groenlandica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study reports the findings of an integrated, comprehensive analysis of lactation energetics in harp seals conducted using longitudinal measurements of mass, body composition and milk composition from mother-pup pairs in conjunction with water flux measurements in pups. The nursing period of harp seals is a short, intense and relatively efficient period of energy transfer from mothers to pups. The average daily milk intake for pups was 3.65±0.24 kg which is equivalent to 79.5 MJ of energy. Eighty-one per cent of the energy received in the milk was metabolisable and 66% of the energy was stored by the pups as body tissue. The field metabolic rate of pups was 3.9±0.4 time basal metabolic rate. The pups were growing at a rate of 2.2 kg per day during the nursing period. The distribution of this mass gain varied in terms of tissue composition, depending on the age of the pups, but over the whole nursing period approximately half of the tissue was stored as fat. Harp seal mothers lost an average of 3.1 kg per day during lactation which was composed of 37% water, 50% fat, 11% protein and 2% ash. Mothers spent half of their time during the lactation period actively diving and only one-third of their time on the surface of the ice. Milk compositional changes followed the normal phocid pattern with increasing fat content and decreasing water content as lacration progressed. The mean mass transfer efficiency was 73%. However, this value cannot be used without qualification because female harp seals in this study fed to varying degrees, consuming an estimated 0–4.8 kg of fish per day. Feeding does not appear to be required in order to achieve the energy requirements for lactation, given the energy stores possessed by females, and some females do fast through the entire period so feeding may be considered opportunistic in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02439915
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the neurohypophysis (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 20 (1992), S. 177-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Anatomy ; Neurosecretion ; Pituitary ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: This review summarizes our current knowledge of the ultrastructure of the human neurohypophysis and includes comments on its anatomy, physiology, and embryology. The neurohypophysis represents a unique tissue having neural and endocrine characteristics and possessing ultrastructural features distinct from those of conventional endocrine organs such as the anterior pituitary, thyroid, pancreatic islets, etc. In contrast to these glands, the neurohypophysis is composed of the processes of mature neurons. As such, it is not capable of synthesizing hormones but only of their storage and release. Neurosecretion is one of the most exciting areas of neuroendocrinology and, although spectacular progress has been achieved in elucidating the process, a number of aspects are incompletely understood. Recent evidence indicates that the magnocellular nuclei of the hypothalemus, the anatomic origin and functional basis of the neurohypophysis, produce not only vasopressin and oxytocin, the so-called “neurohypophyseal hormones,” but a number of other biologically active peptides as well. The physiologic function of these substances is largely unknown but they may be of profound importance in endocrine homeostasis. Based on these novel findings, the role of the neurohypophysis in endocrine regulation has to be re-evaluated.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070200206
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