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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in cardiac rhythm in man during underwater submersion and swimming studied by ECG telemetry (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 66 (1993), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Arrhythmia ; Bradycardia ; Breath holding ; Extrasystole ; Heart rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A previously reported method for electrocardiographic (ECG) telemetry in water using frequency-modulated current was improved to obtain more stable ECGs. The ECGs of seven healthy men were monitored using the improved method during and after whole-body submersion or underwater swimming. Bradycardia and arrhythmias were observed during the submersion, and transient tachycardia was detected after the start of underwater swimming, followed by bradycardia with arrhythmias. Three different types of arrhythmias were observed: sinus arrhythmia (SA), supraventricular extra-systole (SE) and ventricular extrasystole (VE). SA and SE tended to develop during the latter half of the period of submersion or underwater swimming, and especially after the restart of breathing. VEs were detected in only one subject during submersion, whereas they occurred in most subjects during and after underwater swimming. Individual variations were found in development of arrhythmias, one subject showing no arrhythmia. Bradycardia, SA and SE could depend on vagal suppression in underwater conditions, and VE may be related to the effect of muscular movement on cardiac function in addition to vagal inhibiton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00863398
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in carotid blood flow and electrocardiogram in humans during and after walking on a treadmill (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 67 (1993), S. 486-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Ultrasound ; Telemetry ; Exercise ; Blood flow velocity ; Heart rate ; Blood pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Blood flow velocity in the common carotid artery and the electrocardiogram were measured simultaneously by telemetry in seven male subjects during 20-min walking on a treadmill at an exercise intensity corresponding to a mean oxygen uptake of 26.0 (SD 2.9) ml · kg −1 · min −1. The mean cardiac cycle was shortened from 0.814 (SD 0.103) s to 0.452 (SD 0.054) s during this exercise. Of this shortening, 73% was due to shortening of the diastolic period and 27% to shortening of the systolic period. In the relatively small shortening of the mean systolic period [from 0.377 (SD 0.043) s to 0.268 (SD 0.029) s], the isovolumetric contraction time was shortened by 56%. During exercise, the heart rate (f c) increased by 79.4% [from 74.3 (SD 9.3) beats · min −1 to 133.3 (SD 14.8) beats · min −1], and the peak blood velocity (S1) in the common carotid artery increased by 56.1% [from 0.82 (SD 0.10) m · s−1 to 1.28 (SD 0.11) m · s−1]. After exercise, the S1 decreased rapidly to the resting level. The f c decreased more slowly, still being higher than the initial resting level 5 min after exercise. The diastolic velocity wave and the end-diastolic foot decreased during exercise. The blood flow rate in the carotid artery increased transiently by 13.5% at the beginning of exercise [from 5.62 (SD 0.63) ml · s−1 to 6.38 (SD 0.85) ml · s−1] and by 26.5% at the end of the exercise period [from 5.62 (SD 0.63) ml · s−1 to 7.11 (SD 1.34) ml · s−1]. The increase of blood flow in the carotid artery at the onset of exercise may have been mainly related to cerebral activation, and partly to an increase of blood flow to the skin of the head. The physiological significance for cerebral function of the increase of blood flow in the artery after the end of exercise is unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00241643
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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