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  • 1
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    The ecological importance of groundwater modellisation making use of different grid sizes (2016)
    Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Centre for Esturarine and Coastal Ecology | Yerseke, Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Several studies illustrate the conflicts between water resource management and the quality of estuarine habitats. Nichols et al. (1986) describe how, in California (U.S.A.), the flow from two major tributaries to San Francisco Bay (San Joaquin and Sacramento rivers) has been reduced to less than 40% of historic levels. Most of the historic flow upstream in the watershed is now hold in reservoirs for use by agricultural and urban consumers during dry California summers. The projects upstream have resulted in three major ecological impacts: (1) collapse of the salmoid fisheries which is directly attributable to the construction of the Shasta Dam, (2) reduced freshwater inflow together with overfishing resulted in the decline in abundance of sturgeon, sardines, flatfish, crabs, and shrimp, and (3) the diminished freshwater inflow is probably responsible for the reduction of the capacity of this estuary to dilute, transform, or flush contaminants that are diluted into San Francisco Bay (Nichols et al., 1986). Even when changes in volumes of groundwater discharge are small, alteration of timing of freshwater flow can result in negative impacts in the estuarine ecosystems. Since 1900 twenty eight dams have been constructed on the Columbia River (U.S.A.). Management policies have reduced springtime freshwater flows to 50% of former levels, while fall discharges have been artificially increased by 10-50% (Simenstad et al., 1992). These changes had a negative effect on salmon fisheries in the region.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ground water ; Groundwater pollution ; Water management ; Water quality ; Water conflicts ; Water policy
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.105-113
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
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    Groundwater and the ecology of Avicennia marina (Forsk.)Vierh. and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. in Kenya. (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Mangrove ecosystems are composed of as well terrestrial elements as marine elements. It is this duality that makes the mangrove forest a unique ecosystem with a very high ecological and economical value for the tropical and subtropical coastal zones and their inhabitants. Ecologically, the mangrove forest can be considered as a nursery for many marine species like fishes, crabs, prawns, molluscs. Many bird species also search for shelter in the forest. Because of their partly above-ground root system, mangroves filter land runoff, increase sedimentation rates, protect the land from erosion and trap toxic substances in the sediments. Economically. the forest is very important for local communities that depend on the forest for fuelwood, charcoal, building poles (Kokwaro, 1985) and food (Saenger, 1983). Very recently the forest is also used as a site for human and industrial waste (Oteko, 1987). Tack (1997) already showed a clear relation between the distribution of mangroves and the groundwater flow. In this study different parameters of the forest are investigated in places showing a difference in groundwater flow.
    Description: Contract nr: IC18-CT96-0065
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Mangroves ; Forests ; Ground water ; Ecosystems ; Ecology ; Industrial wastes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.46-48
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 3
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    Developing a groundwater model for Eastern Africa: Methodology (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: For the purpose of the GROFLO project, accurate groundwater maps of Kenya, Zanzibar and Inhaca Island are necessary. At the beginning of the project, a very rough model was used, making use of cells of 8 by 8 km. This means that all the points in a square of 8 by 8 km were supposed to have the same groundwater flow which is a mean of the amount of groundwater flow in this cell of 8 by 8 km. This caused some problem when the results of ecological aspects had to be related to the groundwater flow, because the research of ecological response to the groundwater flow mostly used a point-measurement technique. For the purpose of this project the groundwater maps will have to be refined. Refining the groundwater maps means refining the data. In reality this means only the topographic data will be refined. To explain this choice, we will briefly give a revision of the groundwater model used in this project and the data necessary to run the model.
    Description: Contract nr: IC18-CT96-0065
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ground water ; Models ; Topographic maps
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.43-45
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    PAPER (OA)
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