Note: Intro -- Earth System Science: Bridging the Gaps between Disciplines -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1…General Aspects of Earth System Science -- 1.2…The Structural and Educational Concept in an Interdisciplinary Research School for Earth System Science -- 1.2.1 The Supervision and Mentoring Concept -- 1.2.2 The Managing Concept -- 1.2.3 The Helmholtz Certificate -- 2 Remote Sensing and Modelling of Atmospheric Chemistry and Sea Ice Parameters -- 2.1…NO2 Pollution Trends Over Megacities 1996--2010 from Combined Multiple Satellite Data Sets -- 2.1.1 Introduction -- 2.1.2 Method -- 2.1.3 Results -- 2.1.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- 2.2…A Brief Example on the Application of Remotely Sensed Tracer Observations in Atmospheric Science---Studying the Impact of Stratosphere--Mesosphere Coupling on Polar Ozone Variability -- 2.2.1 Introduction -- 2.2.2 CO as Tracer in the Polar Stratosphere and Mesosphere -- 2.2.3 Measurements of CO by Microwave Radiometry -- 2.2.4 Interpretation of the KIMRA CO Time Series -- 2.2.5 Summary and Conclusion -- 2.3…Contamination of the Western Pacific Atmosphere -- 2.3.1 Introduction -- 2.3.2 Method -- 2.3.3 Results -- 2.3.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- 2.4…Three Dimensional Model Simulations of the Impact of Solar Proton Events on Nitrogen Compounds and Ozone in the Middle Atmosphere -- 2.4.1 Introduction -- 2.4.2 Model SimulationsModel Simulations -- 2.4.2.1 The B3dCTM -- 2.4.2.2 Model Simulations of SPEs -- 2.4.3 Model Simulation Results -- 2.4.4 Summary and Discussion -- 2.5…Evaluation of the Coupled and Extended SCIATRAN Version Including Radiation Processes Within the Water: Initial Results -- 2.6…Improving the PhytoDOAS Method to Retrieve Coccolithophores Using Hyper-Spectral Satellite Data -- 2.6.1 Introduction -- 2.6.1.1 Motivation -- 2.6.1.2 The Importance of Coccolithophores. , 2.6.1.3 Objectives -- 2.6.2 Material and Method -- 2.6.2.1 From DOAS to PhytoDOAS -- 2.6.2.2 Improvement to PhytoDOAS -- 2.6.2.3 Satellite and Modeled Data -- 2.6.3 Results and Discussion -- 2.6.3.1 Global Distribution of Coccolithophores -- 2.6.3.2 Time Series of Monitored Parameters in a Selected Region of the North Atlantic -- 2.6.4 Conclusions and Outlook -- 2.7…Primary Productivity and Circulation Patterns Downstream of South Georgia: A Southern Ocean Example of the ''Island Mass Effect'' -- 2.7.1 Introduction -- 2.7.2 Data and Methods -- 2.7.3 Results and Discussion -- 2.7.4 Conclusions -- 2.8…Summer Sea Ice Concentration Changes in the Weddell Sea and Their Causes -- 2.8.1 Introduction -- 2.8.2 Data -- 2.8.3 Results and Discussion -- 2.8.4 Conclusion -- 2.9…Validation of the Snow Grain Size Retrieval SGSP Using Six Ground Truth Data Sets -- 2.9.1 Introduction -- 2.9.2 The SGSP Retrieval -- 2.9.3 Validation Studies -- 2.9.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- 3 Earth System Modelling and Data Analysis -- 3.1…The Last Interglacial as Simulated by an Atmosphere--Ocean General Circulation Model: Sensitivity Studies on the Influence of the Greenland Ice Sheet -- 3.1.1 Introduction -- 3.1.2 Model Description and Experimental Setup -- 3.1.2.1 Model Description -- 3.1.2.2 Experimental Setup -- 3.1.3 Results -- 3.1.4 Discussion and Conclusions -- 3.2…Simulated Caribbean Climate Variability During the Mid-Holocene -- 3.2.1 Introduction -- 3.2.2 Method -- 3.2.2.1 Model Description -- 3.2.2.2 Experiment Setup -- 3.2.3 Results -- 3.2.3.1 Mean Climatology -- 3.2.3.2 Climate Variability Associated with the ENSO -- 3.2.3.3 Climate Variability Associated with the AMO -- 3.2.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- 3.3…Oceanic delta 18O Variation and its Relation to Salinity in the MPI-OM Ocean Model -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 Method -- 3.3.2.1 Ocean Model. , 3.3.2.2 Isotope Tracer H218O -- 3.3.2.3 Observation Database of delta 18O -- 3.3.3 Results -- 3.3.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- 3.4…Ocean Adjustment to High-Latitude Density Perturbations -- 3.4.1 Introduction -- 3.4.2 Model Set-up -- 3.4.3 Results -- 3.4.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- 4 Geotectonics -- 4.1…Continental Deformation of Antarctica During Gondwana's Breakup -- 4.1.1 Introduction -- 4.1.2 Method and Data -- 4.1.3 Results -- 4.1.4 Discussion and Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Climate Archives -- 5.1…The Inorganic Carbon System in the Deep Southern Ocean and Glacial-Interglacial Atmospheric CO2 -- 5.1.1 Introduction -- 5.1.2 Objective/Study Area/Materials and Methods -- 5.1.3 Results/Discussion -- 5.1.4 Outlook -- 5.2…The Significance of the Long Lived ( greaterthan 400 Years) Bivalve Arctica Islandica as a High-Resolution Bioarchive -- 5.2.1 Introduction -- 5.2.2 Methods -- 5.2.2.1 Effect of Sample Preparation -- 5.2.2.2 Lead, Barium, and Manganese Measurements -- 5.2.3 Results and Discussion -- 5.2.3.1 Effect of Sample Preparation -- 5.2.3.2 Lead as a Pollution Tracer -- 5.2.3.3 Barium and Manganese as Indicators of Primary Production -- 5.2.4 Conclusion -- 5.3…Sub-Annual Resolution Measurements of Dust Concentration and Size in Different Time Slices of the NorthGRIP Ice Core -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 Method -- 5.3.3 Results -- 5.3.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Ecosystems and Climate Change -- 6.1…Predicting Habitat Suitability for Cold-Water Coral Lophelia pertusa Using Multiscale Terrain Variables -- 6.1.1 Introduction -- 6.1.2 Materials and Method -- 6.1.2.1 Study Area -- 6.1.2.2 Multiscale Terrain Variables -- 6.1.2.3 Predictive Method: Maxent -- 6.1.3 Results -- 6.1.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- 7 Geoinformatics. , 7.1…Resource-Aware Decomposition and Orchestration of Geoprocessing Requests in a SOA Framework -- 7.1.1 Introduction -- 7.1.2 Query Decomposition and Orchestration -- 7.1.3 Performance Evaluation -- 7.1.4 Conclusion -- 7.2…A Specification-Based Quality Model to Improve Confidence in Web Services of Multidisciplinary Earth System Science -- 7.2.1 Introduction -- 7.2.2 Methods -- 7.2.3 Results -- 7.2.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- 8 Geoengineering -- 8.1…Feasibility Study of Using a Petroleum Systems Modeling Software to Evaluate Basin Scale Pressure Evolution Associated With CO2 Storage -- 8.1.1 Introduction -- 8.1.2 Principles of Petroleum Systems Modelling -- 8.1.3 CO2 Injection Method in PetroMod -- 8.1.4 Evaluation of the Pressure Buildup in PetroMod -- 8.1.4.1 Method -- 8.1.4.2 Results -- 8.1.5 Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References.