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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin depletion attenuates cocaine-seeking behavior in rats (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 146 (1999), S. 60-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Serotonin ; Cocaine-seeking behavior ; Food-seeking behavior ; Para-chlorophenylalanine ; Incentive motivation ; Extinction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rationale: Alterations in serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission during cocaine withdrawal may be involved in incentive motivation for cocaine. Objective: The present study examined the effects of 5-HT depletion on cocaine- and food-seeking behavior (i.e., non-reinforced operant responding). Methods: Separate groups of rats were trained to lever press for cocaine infusions (0.33 mg/kg/0.1 ml, i.v.) or for food pellets (45-mg Noyes food pellets) on a fixed-ratio one schedule of reinforcement during 14 daily 2-h sessions. Half of each group then received treatment with either saline or the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor para-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA; 100 mg/kg, i.p.) on post-training day 5 and day 6. Twenty-four hours after their last treatment, rats were tested for cocaine- or food-seeking behavior by measuring operant responding in the absence of reinforcement until they reached an extinction criterion of no responses for 30 min. Animals were sacrificed 24 h after testing and brain 5-HT levels in various regions were quantified. Results: In cocaine-trained animals, p-CPA treatment significantly decreased cocaine-seeking behavior and produced a trend toward a decrease in extinction latency relative to saline treatment. In food-trained animals, p-CPA treatment failed to alter any of the behavioral measures during testing, suggesting that p-CPA treatment did not alter the animals’ memory or ability to perform an operant response. p-CPA significantly depleted 5-HT by 73–85% in every brain region examined. Conclusion: The results suggest that decreasing 5-HT neurotransmission may decrease incentive motivation for cocaine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130051088
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probability models to assess the safety of foods with respect toClostridium botulinum (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 12 (1993), S. 156-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Predictive microbiology ; Modeling ; Clostridium botulinum ; Challenge test ; Risk analysis ; HACCP ; Food safety
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The effectiveness of a preservative system to prevent the growth ofClostridium botulinum can be expressed as the probability (P) that not even a single spore will be able to grow and produce toxin. Commerical canning processes for foods have been based upon this principle since the early 1920s. The safety of many current food marketing concepts depends on product formulation, processing, packaging and distribution variables. Direct measurement ofC. botulinum growth in a food system is difficult. Researchers have relied upon bioassay for botulinum toxin detection and Most Probable Number (MPN) techniques to quantifyC. botulinum growth in experimental food systems. The methods used to estimateP for a single spore to initiate growth will lead to a discussion on the use ofP as a dependent variable in predictive models. Modeling the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic processing variables on food safety will be presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01584184
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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