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  • Evan's blue staining  (1)
  • Keywords: apple, blotch, Diplocarpon mali, thiophanate-methyl-resistance.  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of Thiophanate-methyl-resistant Strains in Diplocarpon mail, Causal Fungus of Apple Blotch (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of general plant pathology 66 (2000), S. 82-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1610-739X
    Keywords: Keywords: apple, blotch, Diplocarpon mali, thiophanate-methyl-resistance.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Isolates of Diplocarpon mali, causal fungus of apple blotch, collected from four prefectures in Japan in 1997–1998 were tested for sensitivity to thiophanate-methyl. Results from mycelial growth tests showed that MIC values of the fungicide were 0.19 μg/ml against all isolates from Akita, Nagano and Saga prefectures but 100 or 200 μg/ml against all isolates from the Tokusa area in Yamaguchi prefecture. Detached apple leaves sprayed with the fungicide developed severe symptoms when inoculated with the isolate from Tokusa, but developed no symptoms with the isolate from Nagano. These results are the first confirmation of thiophanate-methyl-resistant strains in D. mali.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00012926
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological Mode of Action of the Fungicide, Flusulfamide, Against Plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot) (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 105 (1999), S. 577-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Evan's blue staining ; fungistatic effect ; germination inhibition ; resting spore
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Flusulfamide (2′, 4-dichloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-4′-nitro-m-toluenesulfonanilide) was investigated for its mode of action against Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin. Seedlings of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis) were grown for 14 and 21 days in soil infested with P. brassicae and then transplanted into soil containing flusulfamide (0.9 µg a.i. g−1 dry soil). Clubroot was not suppressed by this treatment, indicating that the fungicide is ineffective against P. brassicae established within cortical cells of the host root. Where seedlings were grown in soil infested with resting spores which had previously been treated with flusulfamide, root-hair infection and club formation were suppressed. This indicates that flusulfamide directly acts against resting spores. When placed in root exudates of Chinese cabbage, untreated resting spores germinated at a high frequency while flusulfamide-treated resting spores hardly germinated at all. Use of the Evan's blue staining assay indicated that flusulfamide-treated resting spores remained viable. Flusulfamide was detected by high performance liquid chromatography on resting spores treated with flusulfamide for 30 min. This indicates that the chemical is adsorbed onto resting spores. These results suggest that flusulfamide suppresses clubroot disease by inhibiting germination of P. brassicae resting spores through adsorption onto their cell walls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008722005570
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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