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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct shoot regeneration from foliar explants of an epiphytic orchid, Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatter and McCann (1997)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 16 (1997), S. 583-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsAcampe praemorsa ; Epiphytic orchid ; In vitro plant regeneration ; Thidiazuron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An efficient and reproducible procedure is described for the large-scale propagation of an epiphytic orchid, Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatter and McCann using foliar explants. Shoot buds were induced in basal parts of foliar explants on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kn) or thidiazuron (TDZ), the latter being most effective at 1.0 mg/l. Shoots formed to a TDZ-containing medium elongated following transfer to a substrate supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/l BA. NAA at lower concentrations had no beneficial effects on shoot regeneration, whether added to the medium along with BA, Kn or TDZ. However, it promoted shoot elongation and leaf expansion. Higher concentrations of NAA suppressed shoot regeneration. The frequency of shoot regeneration was greatly influenced by the developmental stage and orientation of the leaf. Shoots regenerated from the foliar explants were rooted successfully on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid. The plantlets were acclimated and eventually transferred to a garden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01142328
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct shoot regeneration from foliar explants of an epiphytic orchid,Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatter and McCann (1997)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 16 (1997), S. 583-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Acampe praemorsa ; Epiphytic orchid ; In vitro plant regeneration ; Thidiazuron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An efficient and reproducible procedure is described for the large-scale propagation of an epiphytic orchid,Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) B latter and McCann using foliar explants. Shoot buds were induced in basal parts of foliar explants on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kn) or thidiazuron (TDZ), the latter being most effective at 1.0 mg/1. Shoots formed to a TDZ-containing medium elongated following transfer to a substrate supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/1 BA. NAA at lower concentrations had no beneficial effects on shoot regeneration, whether added to the medium along with BA, Kn or TDZ. However, it promoted shoot elongation and leaf expansion. Higher concentrations of NAA suppressed shoot regeneration. The frequency of shoot regeneration was greatly influenced by the developmental stage and orientation of the leaf. Shoots regenerated from the foliar explants were rooted successfully on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid. The plantlets were acclimated and eventually transferred to a garden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01142328
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of structure and composition on physico-mechanical properties of methyl methacrylate/alkyl (meth)acrylate copolymers (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 205 (1993), S. 47-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Methylmethacrylat (MMA) mit einem Prepolymergehalt von 6-8% wurde mit unterschiedlichen Anteilen (1-20%) 2-Ethylhexylmethacrylat (EMMA), n-Hexylmethacrylat (HMA), 2-Ethylhexylacrylat (EHA) oder n-Hexylacrylat (HA) copolymerisiert. Aus den erhaltenen Copolymeren wurden Folien hergestellt, an denen der Einfluß der Copolymerstruktur auf Lichtdurchlässigkeit, Dichte und mechanische Eigenschaften ermittelt wurde. zugsfestigkeit and Speichermodul nahmen mit zunehmendem Comonomergehalt ab. Die Dehnung stieg im Fall von MMA/EHA- und MMA/HA-Copolymerfolien mit 15 und 20 Gew.-% Comonomeranteil merklich an. Mittels DMTA wurde die Erweichungstemperatur der Copolymeren bestimmt. Die HDT und die Erweichungstemperatur nahmen unter Biegebelastung mit steigendem Comonomergehalt de Copolymeren ab.
    Notes: The paper describes the fabrication of cast acrylic sheets by copolymerizing a prepolymer syrup of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with varying amounts (1-20 wt.-%) of 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate (EHMA), n-hexyl methacrylate (HMA), 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) and n-hexyl acrylate (HA). The effect of structure of copolymer on light transmittance, density and mechanical properties was evaluated. Tensile strength and storage modulus decreased with increasing comonomer content. Strain increased significantly in the case of MMA/EHA and MMA/HA copolymer sheets having 15 and 20 wt.-% of comonomer. Softening temperature of copolymer samples was determined using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Heat deflection temperature under flexural load and softening temperature decreased with increasing comonomer content in copolymer.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1993.052050104
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of cohesive energy densities of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate and methylacrylate copolymers from swelling measurements (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 55 (1976), S. 109-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Kohäsionsenergiedichten (c.e.d.) der Copolymerisate verschiedener Zusammensetzungen aus 2-Hydroxyäthylmethacrylat (HEMA) und Methylacrylat (MA) wurden durch Quellungsmessungen bestimmt. Es zeigte sich, daß die c.e.d. abnimmt, wenn der Gehalt an 2-Hydroxyäthylmethacrylat im Copolymeren vergrößert wird.
    Notes: The cohesive energy densities (c.e.d.) of copolymers having varying compositions of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and methylacrylate (MA) were determined from swelling measurements. It was found that the c.e.d. decreases as the 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate content increases in the copolymer.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1976.050550109
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and alkyl acrylates: Studies of molecular weight distribution and thermal behavior (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 3279-3289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), n-butyl acrylate (BA), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were prepared at 70°C in nitrogen atmosphere using 0.2% (w/v) benzoyl peroxide as initiator. The copolymer composition was evaluated by estimation of hydroxyl group in the copolymers. Intrinsic viscosity of HEMA-EA, HEMA-BA, and HEMA-MMA copolymers was determined at 35°C in dimethyl formamide. Molecular weight distribution of copolymer samples was evaluated by gel permeation chromatography. Thermal behavior of the copolymers was investigated by dynamic thermogravimetry. Thermal stability decreased on increasing HEMA content in MA, EA, and BA copolymers. However, a reverse trend was observed in HEMA-MMA copolymers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170171017
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substituent effects in polymerization reactions in terms of generalized substituent constants F and R and generalized weighting factors f and r (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this investigation an approach to correlate the composite rate constants of some redox polymerization reactions [acrylonitrile-Ce(IV)-organic substrate] with a new type of multiparameter equation is described. The multiparameter equation is based on Swain and Lupton's F and R, the field and resonance components of the substituents, respectively, and the unique positional weighting factors f and r suggested by Williams and Norrington. The statistical parameters of the correlation involving the substituent constants (fF and rR) and the rate data have been found to be quite satisfactory, the average coefficient of determination being 0.91. The significance levels of the correlation also indicate that the present model is applicable to the kinetics of redox polymerization. The sign and magnitude of the reaction-dependent regression constants α and β suggest that three different types of reaction mechanisms are operative for the substrates benzaldehyde, phenylthiourea, acetophenone, and toluene.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180104
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-angle x-ray investigation of a densely packed micelle system in agave hybrid (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1359-1366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Small-angle x-ray scattering methods were applied to calculate macromolecular parameters like specific inner surface (O/V), length of coherence (lc), and the percentage of air present in agave hybrid, treating it as a densely packed colloidal system belonging to a general micelle system. The parameters were equal to O/V = 8.50 × 10-6 Å-1, lc = 150 Å, and the percentage of air = 0.03. The Kratky camera with latest design was used for the experimental measurement. Because the sample agave ybrid is a natural fiber and a highly oriented system that is celluosic in character, the theories of Kratky and Porod have been used to evaluate these parameters.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180419
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Donor-acceptor complexes in copolymerization. XLIX. Cationic polymerization of donor monomers in presence of polar solvents and acrylic monomers. A revised mechanism for polymerization of comonomer complexes (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 13 (1975), S. 467-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α-Methylstyrene (MS) and isobutyl vinyl ether (VE) readily polymerize, styrene (S) polymerizes to a small extent, and isobutylene (IB), butadiene (BD), and isoprene (IP) fail to polymerize in the presence of catalytic amounts of AlCl3 when propionitrile, ethyl propionate, and methyl isobutyrate are used as reaction media. MS polymerizes readily and S polymerizes with difficulty in the presence of AlCl3 to yield homopolymers when acrylonitrile (AN) is present and copolymers with ethyl acrylate (EA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA). VE readily homopolymerizes, while IB, BD, and IP fail to polymerize in the presence of AlCl3 and the acrylic monomers. VE readily homopolymerizes, S and MS polymerize to a very small extent, and IB, BD, and IP do not polymerize in the presence of ethylaluminum sesquichloride (EASC) in polar solvents. VE readily homopolymerizes in the presence of EASC and the acrylic monomers. MS polymerizes to a small extent in the presence of EASC and the acrylic monomers to yield equimolar copolymers with EA and MMA and a mixture of cationic homopolymer and equimolar copolymer with AN. S yields equimolar copolymers in low yield in the presence of EASC and the acrylic monomers. IB, BD, and IP in the presence of EASC do not polymerize to any significant extent when EA is present, form AN-rich copolymers and yield poly(methyl methacrylate) in the presence of MMA. A revised mechanism is presented for the formation of cationic, radical, random, and alternating copolymers as well as alternating copolymer graft copolymers in the copolymerization of donor and acceptor monomers.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.170130219
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Donor-acceptor complexes in copolymerization. L. Preparation and microstructure of chlorine-containing alternating conjugated diene-acceptor monomer copolymers (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 13 (1975), S. 837-855 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Neighboring monomer units cause significant shifts in the infrared absorption peaks attributed to cis- and trans-1,4 units in conjugated diene-acceptor monomer copolymers. Conjugated diene-maleic anhydride alternating copolymers apparently have a predominantly cis-1,4-structure, while alternating diene-SO2 copolymers have a predominantly trans-1,4 structure. Alternating copolymers of butadiene, isoprene, and pentadiene-1,3 with α-chloroacrylonitrile and methyl α-chloroacrylate, prepared in the presence of Et1.5AlCl1.5(EASC), have trans-1,4 unsaturation. Alternating copolymers of chloroprene with acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, α-chloroacrylonitrile, and methyl α-chloroacrylate prepared in the presence of EASC-VOCl3 have trans-1,4 configuration. The reaction between chloroprene and acrylonitrile in the presence of AlCl3 yields the cyclic Diel-Alder adduct in the dark and the alternating copolymer under ultraviolet irradiation. The equimolar, presumably alternating, copolymers of chloroprene with methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate undergo cyclization at 205°C to a far lesser extent than theoretically calculated, to yield five and seven-membered lactones. The polymerization of chloroprene in the presence of EASC and acetonitrile yields a radical homopolymer with trans-1,4 unsaturation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.170130407
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Donor-acceptor complexes in copolymerization. XLIII. Cyclization of alternating and random styrene-(meth)acrylic ester copolymers (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 203-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Equimolar alternating copolymers of styrene and methyl methacrylate (prepared with Et1.5AlCl1.5, SnCl4, and ZnCl2) as well as equimolar random copolymer were treated with polyphosphoric acid at 135°C. The extent of cyclization of the alternating copolymers was about 40%, independent of the cotacticity of the copolymer, and there was little or no crosslinking. The random copolymer underwent only 10% cyclization and considerable crosslinking. The extent of cyclization of the alternating copolymer of styrene and methyl acrylate (prepared with Et1.5AlCl1.5) was the same as that of the random copolymer and was lower than that of the corresponding methyl methacrylate copolymer. Both alternating and random copolymers underwent extensive crosslinking.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.170110116
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