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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Endotoxin ; Limulus test ; Leucocytosis ; Liver cirrhosis ; Septicemia ; Endotoxin ; Limulus Test ; Leukozytose ; Leberzirrhose ; Sepsis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die fragliche Spezifität des Limulus Amebozyten Lysat (LAL) Testes bei der Diagnose der Endotoxinaemie stellt einen limitierenden Faktor für seinen klinischen Einsatz dar. Mit Hilfe eines Femtogramm-sensitiven spektrophotometrischen LAL Testes zeigten 35 von 36 septischen postoperativen Patienten eine gute Korrelation (fast 100%) zwischen positiven LAL Testen und Blutkultur positiven gram-negativen Bakteriaemien. 20 Patienten dieser Gruppe zeigten eine signifikante Korrelation (2p〈0.05) zwischen erhöhten Leukozytenzahlen und Escherichia coli Endotoxin Äquivalenten (EcEä). Bei 22 Patienten mit Leberzirrhose und einer potentiell enterogenen Endotoxinaemie konnten LAL positive Reaktionen (100%) nachgewiesen werden, aber 9 von 22 korrelierten signifikant (2p〈0.01) zwischen Leukozytose und erhöhten EcEä. Eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen EcEä und Leukozytenzahlen wurde für alle Neonaten und Schwangeren (2p〈0.001, 2p〈0.01) festgestellt. In vitro Tests zeigten, daß Leukozyten positive LAL Tests bewirkten. Überstände der mit Ficoll sedimentierten groben Leukozyten-Präparationen induzierten eine LAL Positivität in einer dosisabhängigen Form, während alle Reagentien per se, die für die Präparation gebraucht wurden, negativ waren. Diese Arbeit legt die Vermutung nahe, daß hitze-labile Faktoren von Leukozyten neben Endotoxin für positive LAL Reaktionen verantwortlich sind.
    Notes: Summary The question of specificity of Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test in the diagnosis of endotoxemia has been a limiting factor of its clinical application. Using a femtogram-sensitive spectrophotometric LAL assay 35 of 36 septic postoperative patients showed an excellent correlation (almost 100%) between positive LAL tests and culture-proven gramnegative bacteremia. Twenty patients of this group demonstrated a significant correlation (2p〈0.05) between elevated total white blood cell counts and Escherichia coli Endotoxin equivalents (EcEe). All 22 liver cirrhotic patients with potentially enteric endotoxemia yielded LAL positive reactions (100%) but 9 of 22 correlated significantly as to leucocytosis and elevated EcEe (2p〈0.01). A significant correlation between EcEe and leucocyte counts was found for all neonates and all parturients respectively (2p〈0.001, 2p〈0.01). In vitro tests showed that leucocytes gave positive LAL tests. Supernates of a Ficoll sedimented crude leucocyte preparations, induced LAL positivity in a dose dependent manner, while all reagents per se used in the preparation, were negative. This study suggests that heat-labile factors from leucocytes apart from endotoxin are responsible for positive LAL reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 986-991 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Endotoxin ; Limulus amebocyte lysate test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In patients with severe underlying disease and in polytraumatized patients, clinical signs of septicemia caused by infections with gram-negative bacteria are observed postoperatively with increasing frequency. Using a photometric LAL test, a longitudinal assessment of LAL reactivity on 41 intensive care patients was performed. Postoperatively, all patients developed a septicemia of different severity with body temperatures 〉38.5° C. Dividing the individual disease course, related to body temperatures, into three phases (A-C) it was found that independent of the severity of septicemia, the majority of patients (38/41) yielded a positive LAL reactivity. In phase B (body temperature 〉38.5° C) more plasma samples contained LAL-reactive material than in phase A and C (body temperature 〈38.5° C). A decline of fever (phase B to C) correlated significantly (P 〈 0.05) with the change from positive to negative LAL reactivity. In patients with high leukocyte counts (15–50 × 109/l) a positive LAL reactivity was found more frequently. The majority of patients (21/27) who survived were transferred with negative LAL reactivity to the general wards. The results suggest that single determinations of LAL reactivity are of limited clinical validity. Using the individual profile of LAL reactivity gained through a longitudinal assessment, data upon the development of the disease course can be obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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