Note: Cover -- How Scientific Instruments Speak -- Series Page -- How Scientific Instruments Speak: Postphenomenology and Technological Mediations in Neuroscientific Practice -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- The Context of Discovery and the Context of Justification in Philosophy of Science -- Instruments in the Philosophy of Science: Three Perspectives -- Postphenomenology and the Technological Mediation Approach -- Scientific Instruments in Neuroscientific Practice -- Structure of the Book -- Note -- Part I: Toward a Theory of Technological Mediations in Scientific Practice -- Chapter 1 -- Scientific Instruments as Mediating Technologies and the Collectivity of Scientific Practice -- 1.1 Scientific Instruments as Solidified Knowledge -- 1.2 Scientific Instruments as Offering Perspectives on Reality -- 1.3 Science as Distributed Knowledge -- 1.4 The Postphenomenological Perspective of Technological Mediation -- 1.5 Immutable Mobiles and Scientific Networks: The Role of Scientific Instruments from an Actor-Network Perspective -- 1.6 Technological Mediation and Collective Knowing -- 1.7 Conclusion: Mediating Technologies and Scientific Collectives -- Notes -- Chapter 2 -- "Technology" and "Human-Technology Relations" -- 2.1 Ready-to-Hand and Present-at-Hand: Heidegger's Phenomenology of Tool Use -- 2.2 From Tools to Technologies: A Postphenomenology of Human-Technology Relations -- 2.3 Heidegger's Pessimism: Disclosing the World in The Question Concerning Technology -- 2.4 Enframing and Mediation in Human-Technology Relations -- 2.5 Conclusion: Technological Mediation Theory as a Non-transcendentalist Approach to Non-neutrality -- Notes -- Chapter 3 -- Science and the Theoretical Disclosure of Nature -- 3.1 Heidegger and the Primacy of Practice in Science -- 3.2 Science as Re-search. , 3.3 Science, Technology, and Heidegger's Ambiguous Pessimism -- 3.4 Postphenomenology and Scientific Practice -- 3.5 Relating to the Present-at-Hand: Science as a Specific Kind of Practice -- 3.6 Conclusion: Technological Mediations and the Theoretical Disclosure of Nature -- Notes -- Chapter 4 -- To the Scientific Objects Themselves -- 4.1 The Epistemological Rupture: Science and Everyday Life -- 4.2 Bachelard's Phenomenotechnique -- 4.3 Scientific Practice Beyond Physics -- 4.4 The Rationality of the Scientific Project -- 4.5 Phenomenotechnique as Phenomenotechnology -- 4.6 Conclusion: Explaining Instead of Assuming the Epistemological Rupture -- Notes -- Chapter 5 -- Bruno Latour and the Difference between Technical and Technological Mediations -- 5.1 Understanding Science as Practice and Understanding Practice as Science -- 5.2 Latour's "Critique" of Critique: How to Avoid a Metalanguage? -- 5.3 The Construction of Scientific Entities: Pasteur's Microbes -- 5.4 Scientific Instruments as Inscription Devices and the Constitution of New Entities -- 5.5 Science-in-the-Making Reconsidered -- 5.6 Integrating Postphenomenology: A Hermeneutics of Scientific Instruments -- 5.7 Conclusion: An Empirical Philosophy of Technoscience: Toward a Methodological Basis -- Note -- Part II: A Postphenomenological Ethnomethodology of Neuroscientific Practice -- Chapter 6 -- Postphenomenology and Ethnomethodology -- 6.1 EM and Reality as a Practical Accomplishment -- 6.2 EM and the Re-specification of Science: The Constitution of Galilean Objects -- 6.3 Investigating Scientific Practices and the Appropriation of Technological Mediations through CA -- 6.5 EM and the Appropriation of Technological Mediations -- 6.5 Conclusion: A Hermeneutic Approach to Technological Mediations -- Notes -- Chapter 7 -- Constituting "Visual Attention" in the Cognitive Neurosciences. , 7.1 The Technologically Mediated Way in Which Cognitive Functions Become Present in Scientific Practice -- 7.2 Data and Methods -- 7.3 NIBS, EEG, and Visual Attention -- 7.4 Constituting Visual Attention through NIBS -- 7.5 Combining NIBS and EEG: Complicating Causality -- 7.6 Conclusion: Technological Mediations and the Normative Expectation of Causality -- Notes -- Chapter 8 -- "Braining" Neuropsychiatric Experiments -- 8.1 The Complexity of the Brain as Technologically Mediated -- 8.2 Neuropsychiatry and the Clinical Function of Psychiatry: Complexity and Simplicity -- 8.3 The Role of Diagnostic Labels in the Interpretation of Experimental Data -- 8.4 "Braining" Psychiatric Experiments -- 8.5 Conclusion: The Objectivity of fMRI in the Context of the Trade-Off between Complexity and Simplicity -- Notes -- Conclusion -- The Mediating Role of Technologies in Scientific Practice -- A Philosophy of Scientific Instruments as a Philosophy of Scientific Practice: Technological Mediation as Reality Building -- The Mediated Reality of Neuroscientific Collectives and the Critical Potential of a Philosophy of Technological Mediation -- Notes -- Appendix -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the Author.