Note: Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- 2D Materials Organic Semiconductors and Display Technologies -- 1 Enhanced Photodetection in Visible Region in rGO/GaN Based Hybrid Photodetector -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Methods -- 1.3 Results -- 1.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 ZigZag Phosphorene Nanoribbons Antidot-Electronic Structure and Device Application -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methodology -- 2.3 Results and Discussion -- 2.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Calculation of Quantum Capacitance and Sheet Carrier Density of Graphene FETs -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Modelling and Simulation -- 3.3 Results and Discussions -- 3.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Effect of Back Gate Voltage on Double Gate Single Layer Graphene Field-Effect Transistor with Improved ION -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Structure of DG GFET -- 4.3 Mathematical Modeling -- 4.4 Results -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Effects of Chemical Functionalization on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Mild Hydrogen Peroxide for PV Applications -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Experimental Details -- 5.3 Results -- 5.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Effect of Tip Induced Strain on Nanoscale Electrical Properties of MoS2-Graphene Heterojunctions -- Abstract -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Methods -- 6.3 Results -- 6.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7 Optimization of the Concentration of Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) for Formation of Atomically Thin Layers -- Abstract -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Method -- 7.3 Results -- 7.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Fabrication of 2D NEMS on Flexible Substrates for Strain Engineering in Sensing Applications -- Abstract -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Fabrication Method. , 8.2.1 Suspension of Vibrating Membrane by Wet Under Etch of Su8-2002 -- 8.2.2 Suspension of Vibrating Membrane by Transferring 2D Material on Trench Etched on Su8-2002 -- 8.3 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 Transition Metal Doped ZnS Monolayer: The First Principles Insights -- Abstract -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Computational Details -- 9.3 Result and Discussion -- 9.4 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Tuning Resonant Wavelength of Silicon Micro-ring Resonator with Graphene -- Abstract -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Methods -- 10.3 Results and Discussion -- 10.3.1 Electrical Gating -- 10.3.2 Etching Oxide -- 10.4 Conclusion -- References -- 11 Effect of Diameter and Doping on Electronic Band Structure of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes -- Abstract -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Method -- 11.3 Results -- 11.4 Conclusion -- References -- 12 Limitations of Mott-Schottky Analysis for Organic Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Capacitors -- Abstract -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Methods -- 12.3 Results and Discussion -- 12.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Study on the Conventional Versus Photonic (IPL) Sintering of Copper Nanoparticle (Cu NPs) Inks on Different Flexible Substrates -- Abstract -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Results -- 13.3 Conclusion -- References -- 14 GO Nanosheets for Solar Assisted Dye Degradation in Aqueous Solution -- Abstract -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Experimental -- 14.2.1 Materials -- 14.2.2 Synthesis of Grapheme Oxide Nanosheets -- 14.2.3 Characterization and Analysis -- 14.2.4 Photocatalytic Activity -- 14.3 Results -- 14.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 15 Resonant and Non-resonant Solutions of the Non-linear Vibration of SWCNTs Embedded in Viscous Elastic Matrix Using KBM Method -- Abstract -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Model and Equations. , 15.3 Asymptotic Krylov Bogoliubov and Mitropolsky Method -- 15.3.1 Non-resonant Solution -- 15.3.2 Resonant Solution -- 15.4 Conclusion -- References -- 16 Broadband Photodetector with Lateral n-rGO/p+Si Heterojunction -- Abstract -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Materials and Methods -- 16.2.1 Synthesis of Graphene Oxide (GO) Nanosheets -- 16.2.2 Device Fabrication -- 16.3 Results -- 16.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17 Role of MoS2 on the Electrical and Thermoelectric Properties of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 Alloys -- Abstract -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Experimental Method -- 17.3 Result and Discussion -- 17.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 18 Temperature Dependent Open Circuit Voltage Variation of Organic Solar Cells -- Abstract -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Methods -- 18.3 Results and Discussion -- 18.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 19 Effect of Pulsed Electric Field Annealing on P3HT: PCBM Inverted Solar Cell Structure -- Abstract -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Experiment -- 19.3 Results and Discussions -- 19.3.1 Analysis of the Active Layer -- 19.3.2 Light J−V Characteristics -- 19.3.3 Dark J−V Characteristics -- 19.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 20 Towards High Performance Large Area Two Color Hybrid White Organic Light Emitting Diodes for Lighting Applications -- Abstract -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Materials and Methods -- 20.3 Results and Discussion -- 20.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 21 Surface Enhanced IR Absorption and Raman Detection of Tryptophan Amino Acids Over Silver Nanoislands Deposited on Graphene -- Abstract -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Aim's of the Study -- 21.3 Methods -- 21.3.1 Preparation of Ag Nanoislands -- 21.3.2 Characterisation -- 21.4 Results and Discussion -- 21.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 22 Synthesis, Characterization and Temperature Dependence of Conductivity in Poly (o-toluidine) -- Abstract -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Experimental -- 22.2.1 Materials -- 22.2.2 Chemical Synthesis -- 22.2.3 Measurements -- 22.3 Results and Discussion -- 22.3.1 Spectroscopic Measurements -- 22.3.2 Conductivity Measurements -- 22.4 Conclusion -- References -- 23 Solvent Mixture Formulation for Inkjet Printable Light Emitting Polymer with Pixdro LP50-Ink Formulation for Inkjet Printing of MEH: PPV -- Abstract -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Experimental -- 23.3 Results and Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 24 Transport Properties and Sub-band Modulation of the SWCNT Based Nano-scale Transistors -- Abstract -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 Modeling of the SWCNT-Based MOSFET as an Open Quantum System -- 24.3 NEGF Results for SWCNT-Based MOSFET -- 24.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- III-Nitride: Materials and Devices -- 25 Modelling DC, RF and Noise Behavior of AlGaN/GaN HEMT on SiC Substrate -- Abstract -- 25.1 Introduction -- 25.2 Device Structure and Models Used -- 25.3 Results and Discussion -- 25.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 26 Device Optimization of E-Mode N-Polar GaN MOS-HEMT for Low Noise RF and Microwave Applications -- Abstract -- 26.1 Introduction -- 26.2 Device Structure and Noise Model -- 26.3 Results and Discussions -- 26.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 27 60Coγ Irradiation Effects on I-V Characteristics of AlGaN/GaN Schottky Diodes -- Abstract -- 27.1 Introduction -- 27.2 Experimental Detail -- 27.3 Results -- 27.4 Conclusion -- References -- 28 Effect of AlGaN Barrier Thickness on Trapping Characteristics in AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures -- Abstract -- 28.1 Introduction -- 28.2 Aim of the Study -- 28.3 Device Structure -- 28.4 Result and Discussion -- 28.5 Conclusion. , Acknowledgements -- References -- 29 Effect of Surface Treatments on the Evolution of Microstructures in GaN Thin Films and GaN/AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures -- Abstract -- 29.1 Introduction -- 29.2 Aim of the Study -- 29.3 Methods -- 29.4 Results -- 29.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 30 Effect of Argon Plasma Treatment on Ohmic Contact Formation in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs -- Abstract -- 30.1 Introduction -- 30.2 Experimental Details -- 30.3 Results and Discussions -- 30.4 Conclusion -- References -- 31 Investigation on the Variation of Sheet Resistance of RF Deposited Nichrome Thin Films with Deposition Parameters -- Abstract -- 31.1 Introduction -- 31.2 Experimental Detail -- 31.3 Result -- 31.4 Conclusion -- References -- 32 A Physics Based Analytical Model for the Threshold Voltage of a Normally-off AlGaN/GaN FinFET -- Abstract -- 32.1 Introduction -- 32.2 Derivation of the Threshold Voltage Model for Narrow Width AlGaN/GaN FinFET -- 32.2.1 Model Description -- 32.2.2 Electric Potential Variation and Polarization Inside Finite Fin Width AlGaN/GaN FinFET Structure -- 32.2.3 Strain Relaxation Model -- 32.2.4 Threshold Voltage Model -- References -- 33 Trapping Phenomenon in AlInN/GaN HEMTs: A Study Based on Drain Current Transient Spectroscopy -- Abstract -- 33.1 Introduction -- 33.2 Methodology -- 33.3 Results and Discussions -- 33.3.1 Detrapping Behavior -- 33.3.2 Trapping Behavior -- 33.4 Conclusion -- References -- 34 Development of GaN HEMTs Based Biosensor -- Abstract -- 34.1 Introduction -- 34.2 Experimental Details -- 34.3 Results -- 34.4 Conclusion -- References -- 35 Performance of Wide Band Gap Semiconductors Impatts at THz Frequencies -- Abstract -- 35.1 Introduction -- 35.2 Result and Discussion -- 36 1.7-2.1 GHz GaN Linear Power Amplifier -- Abstract -- 36.1 Introduction -- 36.2 Methodology -- 36.3 Measured Result. , Acknowledgements.

Note: Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Vol. 160 -- Carbohydrate Expression in the Intestinal Mucosa -- Copyright -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Mucosal Responses to Diet and Microflora -- 4 Influence of Diet and Microflora on Distribution of Enteroendocrine Cells -- 5 Peyer's Patches of SCID Mice After Syngeneic Normal Bone Marrow Transplantation -- 6 Carbohydrate Expression in Human and Mouse Peyer's Patches -- 7 General Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Subject Index.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- 1 Investigation of Bulk, Doped and Thin Film Solar Cells: A Review Article -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Renewable Energy -- 3 Types of Solar Cells -- 3.1 Chalcopyrite Solar Cells -- 3.2 Perovskite Solar Cells -- 4 Bulk Solar Cell Materials -- 5 Thin Film Solar Cell Materials -- 6 Doping in Solar Cell Materials -- 7 Theoretical Investigation Tools -- 7.1 Solar Cell Compounds Taken Under Investigation -- 7.1.1 ZnSnAs2 -- 7.1.2 ZnGeAs2 -- 7.1.3 ZnSiAs2 -- 7.1.4 ZnS -- 7.1.5 ZnGa2S4 -- 7.1.6 CuInS2 -- 7.1.7 CuGaS2 -- 7.1.8 CuAlS2 -- 8 Summary -- References -- 2 Study of Thermal Properties of Eutectic Phase Change Materials for Energy Storage -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material Preparation and Characterization -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 Thermal Properties -- 3.2 Chemical Properties -- 4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 A Review on Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Organic Phase Change Material-Based Form-Stable Phase Change Materials -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Synthesis of Organic PCM-Based FSPCM -- 3 Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Organic PCM-Based FSPCM -- 4 Applications of FSPCM -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Performance Evaluation of a Solar Air Heater with Transverse Ribs on the Absorber Surface Using CFD Technique -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experimental Procedure -- 3 (CFD)Fluent Flow Simulation -- 4 Data Reduction -- 5 Result and Discussion -- 5.1 Effect of Heat Transfer and Friction Characteristics -- 5.2 Thermo-hydraulic Performance Parameter -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Renewable Energy-Driven Charging Station for Electric Vehicles -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Electric Vehicle and It's Working -- 1.2 Typical Charging Station -- 2 Components in Charging Stations -- 2.1 Smart Transformers. , 2.2 Power Socket -- 2.3 Charging Techniques -- 2.4 Charging Pillar -- 3 Design Aspects/Consideration of Proposed Charging Stations -- 3.1 Optimal Placement of Charging Station -- 3.1.1 Power Availability -- 3.1.2 Constructability -- 3.1.3 Environmental Issues -- 3.1.4 Type of Equipment Used -- 3.1.5 Accessibility -- 3.2 Design Aspects of Charging Station -- 3.2.1 Types of Charging -- 3.2.2 Modes of Charging -- 3.2.3 Paved Way and Barrier Protection -- 3.2.4 Networks and Communications -- 3.2.5 Presence of Sunlight -- 3.2.6 Access to Disable -- 4 Integration of Renewable Energy Source with an EV Charging Station -- 4.1 Solar Energy -- 4.2 Wind Energy -- 5 Significance of Use of EVs with Renewable Energy -- 5.1 Conventional Fuel Saving -- 5.2 Environmental Protection and Reduction of Carbon Emissions -- 5.3 Health Impacts -- 5.4 EV as Ancillary Service to Grid -- 5.5 Economic Development -- 6 Tariff-Based Charging and Discharging of EVs -- 7 EV Charging Standards -- 8 EV Adoption Challenges in India -- 8.1 Limited Range -- 8.2 Long Charging Period -- 8.3 Social Acceptance -- 8.4 Insufficient Charging Infrastructure -- 8.5 High Initial Cost -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Review on Optoelectronic Response of Emerging Solar Photovoltaic Materials -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Perovskite Solar Cell -- 3 Chalcopyrites -- 4 Conclusion -- 5 Future Scope -- References -- 7 Nanotechnology in Production of Microalgal Biofuel: Application of Nanomaterials and Lipase Immobilization -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Importance of Nanotechnology -- 2.1 Different Nanocarriers in Biofuel -- 2.1.1 Polymer-based NPS -- 2.1.2 Carbon-based NPS -- 2.1.3 Metal-based NPs -- 3 General Perspective of Microalgae -- 3.1 Nanotechnology for Algal Biofuel -- 3.1.1 Nanomaterials in Lipid Extraction from Microalgae -- 3.1.2 Transesterification by Nanomaterials Application. , 3.1.3 Transesterification in Microreactor -- 3.1.4 Nano-Biocatalysts on Immobilized Support Matrix (NPs) -- 4 Lipase and Its Immobilization -- 4.1 Physical Methods -- 4.1.1 Adsorption and Ionic Binding -- 4.1.2 Encapsulation and Entrapment -- 4.2 Chemical Methods -- 4.2.1 Covalent Binding -- 4.2.2 Cross-linking -- 5 Nano-Biocatalysts (NBCs)-assisted Biofuel Production -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Effects of Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Combustion Features of Diesel Engine Using Water Diesel Emulsified Fuel -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Materials -- 2.2 Method for Formulation of Different Samples -- 2.3 Experimental Approach -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 In-Cylinder Pressure (ICP) -- 3.2 Heat Release Rate (HRR) -- 3.3 Mass Fraction of Fuel Burnt (MFFB) -- 3.4 Mean Gas Temperature (MGT) -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Hybrid Solar PVT Systems for Thermal Energy Storage: Role of Nanomaterials, Challenges, and Opportunities -- Abstract -- 1 Hybrid PVT Systems -- 2 Nanofluids as Heat Transfer Fluids -- 3 Thermal Energy Storage Medium -- 3.1 The Function of TES Systems -- 3.2 Sensible Thermal Energy Storage -- 3.2.1 Sensible Thermal Energy Storage Materials -- 3.3 Latent Thermal Energy Storage -- 3.3.1 Latent Thermal Energy Storage Materials -- 3.3.2 Molten Salts -- 3.3.3 Phase Change Materials (PCMs) -- 4 Spectral Filter Technology -- 4.1 Nanofluids Application in PV/T with Spectral Splitting -- 4.2 Application of PV/T -- 4.2.1 Solar Cooling -- 4.2.2 Solar Desalination/Distillation -- 5 Solar PV/T for Building Applications -- 6 Challenges and Opportunities -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Use of Alcohols and Biofuels as Automotive Engine Fuel -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction: Need for Alternative Fuels -- 2 Major Alternative Automotive Fuels -- 3 Ethanol-The Fuel. , 4 History-Transition from Alcohol to Fuel -- 5 Why Ethanol Now? -- 5.1 Means of Using Ethanol as Fuel -- 6 Ethanol-The Global Scenario -- 7 USA's Corn-Based Ethanol -- 7.1 What's in a Bushel of Corn: Food or Fuel? -- 8 Brazil's Sugarcane-Based Ethanol -- 9 Environmental Benefits of Using Sugarcane to Produce Ethanol -- 10 How to Make Ethanol: Commercial Production -- 11 Dry Milling -- 12 Wet Milling -- 13 Ethanol Nomenclature -- 14 Ethanol Economics -- 15 Utilization of Ethanol-Gasoline Blends in SI Engine -- 16 Conclusion and Recommendations for Further Work -- References -- 11 Environmentally Friendly Fuel Obtained from Pyrolysis of Waste Tyres -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Growing Problem of Waste Tyre Accumulation -- 1.2 Impact of Waste Tyre Dumping on Environmental and Human Health -- 1.3 Waste Tyre Management -- 1.4 Recycling of Waste Tyre -- 2 Tyre Pyrolysis Process -- 2.1 Product Yield from Tyre Pyrolysis Process -- 2.2 Types of Tyre Pyrolysis Process -- 3 Important Parameters Affecting Tyre Pyrolysis Process -- 3.1 Temperature -- 3.2 Heating Rate -- 3.3 Particle Size -- 3.4 Pyrolysis Reactors -- 4 Characterization of Tyre Pyrolysis Oil -- 5 Utilization of Tyre Pyrolysis Oil in Diesel Engine -- 6 Conclusion and Recommendation for Future Research -- References -- 12 Comparison of Hybrid and CNT-Nanofluids Used as Heat Transfer Fluid for Forced Convection Through a Phase Change Material (PCM) Filled Vertical Cylinder -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Numerical Modeling -- 2.1 Nanofluid Property Equations -- 2.2 Solver Settings -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- 13 Thermal Analysis of γAl2O3/H2O and γAl2O3/C2H6O2 Elastico-Viscous Nanofluid Flow Driven by Peristaltic Wave Propagation with Electroosmotic and Magnetohydrodynamic Effects: Applications in Nanotechnological Energy Systems -- Abstract. , 1 Introduction -- 2 Mathematical Model -- 2.1 Single Wave Propagation -- 2.2 Governing Equations for Convective Jeffery Nanofluid Model -- 2.3 Electroosmotic Hydrodynamics -- 2.4 Physical Characteristics of (γAl2O3/H2O, γAl2O3/C2H6O2) Nanofluids -- 3 Scaling Analysis and Boundary Conditions -- 4 Analytical Solutions -- 5 Numerical Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusions -- Appendix -- References -- 14 Thermal Transport of MHD Electroosmotic Couple Stress Nanofluid Flow in Microchannels in the Presence of Various Zeta Potentials -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Description -- 3 Solution of the Problem -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- Appendix -- References -- 15 Modelling the Impact of Melting and Nonlinear Radiation on Reactive Buongiorno Nanofluid Boundary Layer Flow from an Inclined Stretching Cylinder with Cross-diffusion and Curvature Effects -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Magnetic Nanofluid Coating Flow Model -- 3 RKM Numerical Solution -- 4 Validation with GDQ Method -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 16 Heat Transfer in a Nanoliquid Flow Due to a Permeable Quadratically Stretching Sheet -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Conservation Laws for Nanoliquid -- 3 Flow Analysis -- 4 Heat Transfer Analysis -- 4.1 PST Case -- 4.2 PHF Case -- 5 Skin-Friction Parameter and Nusselt Number -- 6 Results and Discussion -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 17 Impact of Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux On Al2O3-Cu/H2O-(CH2OH)2 Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Between Two Stretchable Rotating Disks -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mathematical Formulation -- 2.1 Skin Friction, Nusselt Number -- 2.2 Entropy Generation -- 3 Numerical Scheme -- 4 Validation -- 5 Results and Discussions -- 5.1 Axial Velocity -- 5.2 Radial Velocity -- 5.3 Tangential Velocity -- 5.4 Pressure Distribution -- 5.5 Temperature Distribution. , 5.6 Skin Friction and Nusselt Number.