Note: Cover -- Advances in vasopressin and oxytocin - from genes to behaviour to disease -- Copyright -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Section I. Vasopressin and Oxytocin in Evolution, Sexual Dichotomy and Stress -- Chapter 1. Nonapeptides and the evolutionary patterning of sociality -- Abstract -- Nonapeptides and the patterning of behaviour -- Deep history of the nonapeptides -- Evolution of central nonapeptide circuits: anatomical and behavioural basics -- Evolutionary plasticity of nonapeptide systems generates social diversity -- Vasotocin and the evolution of avian sociality -- Sociality and septal neuropeptides: what is being modulated? -- Neuromodulatory patterning: overlapping circuits and distinct behavioural states -- Summary -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 2. Sex differences in vasopressin and oxytocin innervation of the brain -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Causes of sex differences in AVP projections -- Effects of circulating hormones in adulthood -- Oestrogen versus androgen effects -- Hormones and sex differences in AVP expression -- Sex chromosomes in sex differences in AVP expression -- Cellular mechanisms underlying differentiation of AVP expression -- The origin of sexually dimorphic AVP innervation -- Sex differences in other AVP systems -- Function of sex differences in AVP expression -- Lessons from spotted hyenas and prairie voles -- Dual function for sex differences in the brain -- Clinical implications -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 3. The parvocellular vasopressinergic system and responsiveness of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis during chronic stress -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Section II. Genetics Meets Behaviour. , Chapter 4. Experimental approaches for the study of oxytocin and vasopressin gene expression in the central nervous system -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 5. Oxytocin knockout mice: a model for studying stress-related and ingestive behaviours -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Experiments -- Summary and implications of findings and future directions -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 6. The role of the vasopressin 1b receptor in aggression and other social behaviours -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Avpr 1b and aggression -- Avpr 1b and social memory -- Avpr 1b and social motivation -- Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 7. Behavioural studies using temporal and spatial inactivation of the oxytocin receptor -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Oxt and Oxtr knockout mice -- Behavioural analysis using conditional knockout mice -- Phenotypical implication of Oxtr conditional knockout mice -- Future directions -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 8. New aspects of oxytocin receptor function revealed by knockout mice: sociosexual behaviour and control of energy balance -- Abstract -- Oxytocin and oxytocin receptor -- Generation of oxytocin deficient (Oxt-/-) mice -- Generation of oxytocin receptor deficient (Oxtr-/-) mice -- Generation of Oxtr-Venus knockin mice to locate ''Oxtr-Neurons'' -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Section III. Regulation of Vasopressin and Oxytocin Release -- Chapter 9. Regulation of vasopressin release by co-released neurotransmitters: mechanisms of purinergic and adrenergic synergism -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Mechanism of ATP+PE synergism -- Remaining issues and new hypotheses -- Acknowledgements -- References. , Chapter 10. Neuron-glia interactions in the rat supraoptic nucleus -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Diffusion properties in the SON -- Glial contribution to glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission in the SON -- Gliotransmission in the SON and modulation of NMDA receptors -- Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 11. Dynamic synapses in the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal system -- Abstract -- Synaptic physiology of glutamate synapses on MNCs -- Mechanisms responsible for asynchronous release in PVN -- Evoked glutamate release and the regulation of MNC activity -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 12. Endogenous modulators of synaptic transmission: cannabinoid regulation in the supraoptic nucleus -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The cannabinoid system in the SON -- Future perspectives -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 13. Oxytocin and appetite -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Oxytocin and oxytocin-like peptides throughout evolution -- Interactions between feeding and sex -- Regulation of feeding in mammals -- Oxytocin and sexual behaviour -- The ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) -- Peptides and behaviour -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Section IV. Nonapeptide Receptors: Regulation and Signalling -- Chapter 14. Neural mechanisms underlying the milk ejection burst and reflex -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Structural considerations: the SON -- Functional studies of milk ejection bursts and the MER -- Functional studies of milk ejection bursts and the MER -- Cellular mechanisms underlying OXT-induced excitation -- Concluding remarks -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 15. Oxytocin receptor signalling -- Abstract -- General thoughts on oxytocin receptor signalling -- Novel OXTR signalling target: eEF2 -- Novel OXTR-linked signalling pathway: ERK5. , In vitro contraction assay -- Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 16. Neurosteroids are excitatory in supraoptic neurons but inhibitory in the peripheral nervous system: it is all about oxytocin and progesterone receptors -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Neurosteroids: a new class of neuromodulators -- Non-genomic effects of progestins -- GABAA and free cytosolic Ca2+: a developmental pas-de-deux -- Development of the nervous system -- Physiological relevance of the models -- Neuroactive steroid-signalling pathways -- Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 17. Oxytocin receptors: ligand binding, signalling and cholesterol dependence -- Abstract -- Oxytocin -- Oxytocin receptors -- Oxytocin receptor research: quo vadis? -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Section V. Neuronal Actions of Nonapeptides -- Chapter 18. Opposite effects of oxytocin and vasopressin on the emotional expression of the fear response -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Conclusions and perspectives -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 19. Multi-factorial somato-dendritic regulation of phasic spike discharge in vasopressin neurons -- Abstract -- Phasic spike discharge patterning in vasopressin neurons -- Somato-dendritic neuropeptide release from vasopressin neurons -- Autocrine modulation of phasic spike discharge by somato-dendritic vasopressin release -- Autocrine modulation of phasic spike discharge by co-released neuropeptides -- Autocrine modulation of phasic spike discharge by other factors -- Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 20. Neurophysiology of supraoptic neurons in C57/BL mice studied in three acute in vitro preparations -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements. , References -- Chapter 21. Effects of oxytocin on GABA signalling in the foetal brain during delivery -- Abstract -- GABA in the immature brain -- Perinatal switch in the action of GABA from excitatory to inhibitory -- Involvement of oxytocin in the perinatal GABA switch -- Source of oxytocin in a slice preparation -- Origin of oxytocin in the foetal brain: maternal or foetal? -- Oxytocin and NKCC1 -- Oxytocin as neuroprotector in perinatal hypoxia -- Concluding remarks -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Section VI. Regulation of Social Behaviours -- Chapter 22. Central vasopressin and oxytocin release: regulation of complex social behaviours -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Monitoring of local release of AVP and OXT during social behaviour by intracerebral microdialysis -- Behavioural relevance of local neuropeptide release within target brain regions -- Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 23. Interactions between dopamine and oxytocin in the control of sexual behaviour -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Hypothalamic nuclei mediating reproductive behaviours -- The role of oxytocin -- The role of dopamine -- Dopamine-oxytocin link -- Signalling pathways -- Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- Reference -- Chapter 24. Steroidal/neuropeptide interactions in hypothalamus and amygdala related to social anxiety -- Abstract -- Introduction -- ERα compared to ERβ -- Social recognition and autism -- E/OT interactions -- A functional genomic network supporting social recognition -- Generalized CNS arousal mechanisms related to fear -- Hyperarousal fostering social anxiety -- Social anxiety fostering autism -- References -- Chapter 25. Functional magnetic resonance imaging and the neurobiology of vasopressin and oxytocin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Imaging conscious animals. , Imaging aggressive motivation and the role of vasopressin neurotransmission.

Note: Front Cover -- Circumventricular Organs and Brain Fluid Environment: Molecular and Functional Aspects -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Section I: Microenvironment of the Brain: Blood … Interstitial Fluid … CSF -- Chapter 1. A role for centrally-released vasopressin in brain ion and volume regulation: a hypothesis -- Chapter 2. Neuronal plasticity depending on a glycoprotein synthesized in goldfish leptomeninx -- Chapter 3. Goldfish ependymins: cerebrospinal fluid proteins of meningeal origin -- Chapter 4. Effect of central administration of angiotensin II on cerebrospinal fluid formation in rabbits -- Chapter 5. Adrenalectomy aggravates ischemic brain edema in female Sprague-Dawley rats with carotid arteries ligated -- Chapter 6. Central release of vasopressin: stimuli, dynamics, consequences -- Chapter 7. Pregnancy and opioid interactions with the anterior peri-third ventricular input to magnocellular oxytocin neurones -- Chapter 8. Endogenous opioids regulate intracerebral oxytocin release during parturition in a region-specific manner -- Chapter 9. Evidence against participation of V2 receptors in the increase of cerebral blood flow during hypoxemia in the rat -- Chapter 10. ANF-induced modulation of ADH-release in the rabbit and Pekin duck -- Chapter 11. Vasopressin involvement in central control of blood pressure -- Chapter 12. Neuropeptides within the nucleus tractus solitarii modulate the central cardiovascular control process -- Chapter 13. Disturbances of volume regulation in chronic alcoholics: a correlation with the excitability of the central nervous system -- Chapter 14. Chromatographically identified oxytocin in the human peripheral nervous system -- Chapter 15. Central effects of tricyclic compounds on the endocrine system … an in vitro study. , Section II: Barriers within the Brain: Transport … Exchange -- Chapter 16. Intracerebral grafting of solid tissues and cell suspensions: the blood-brain barrier and host immune response -- Chapter 17. Blood-brain barrier: a molecular approach to its structural and functional characterization -- Chapter 18. Development of an in vitro cell culture system to mimic the blood-brain barrier -- Chapter 19. The development of ion regulation at the blood-brain barrier -- Chapter 20. An approach to study of transport of trace metals at the blood-brain barrier -- Chapter 21. Bidirectional passage of peptides across the blood-brain barrier -- Chapter 22. Localization patterns for immunoglobulins and albumins in the brain suggest diverse mechanisms for their transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) -- Chapter 23. Peptide receptors of the blood-brain barrier and substrate transport into the brain -- Chapter 24. The interaction of some centrally active drugs with the blood-brain barrier and circumventricular organs -- Chapter 25. Experimental models of altering the blood-brain barrier -- Chapter 26. Regulation of transendothelial transport in the cerebral microvessels: the role of second messengers-generating systems -- Chapter 27. Age-related pathophysiology of the blood-brain barrier in heat stress -- Chapter 28. Release of endogenous neurochemicals may increase vascular permeability, induce edema and influence cell changes in trauma to the spinal cord -- Chapter 29. Tracer uptake by circumventricular organs … a relative measure of blood supply to the brain -- Chapter 30. Density of perfused capillaries in living human brain during functional activation -- Section III: Circumventricular Organs: Receptors and Effectors -- Chapter 31. Circumventricular organ capillaries -- Chapter 32. Signals indicative of metabolic change in circumventricular organs. , Chapter 33. Somatostatin-binding sites on structures of circumventricular organs1 -- Chapter 34. Atrial natriuretic factor in the subfornical organ and the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis -- Chapter 35. Neurotransmitters and receptors in the subfornical organ. Immunohistochemical and electrophysiological evidence -- Chapter 36. Steroid hormones and circumventricular organs -- Chapter 37. Choroid plexus, ependyma and arachnoidea express receptors for vitamin D: differences between "seasonal" and "non-seasonal" breeders -- Chapter 38. Receptor and effector mechanisms in the pineal organ -- Chapter 39. Cytochemistry of CSF-contacting neurons and pinealocytes -- Chapter 40. Comparative ultrastructure and opsin immunocytochemistry of the retina and pineal organ in fish -- Chapter 41. Circadian rhythm and pharmacologic regulation of the monodeiodination of 3,3' ,5,5 ' -tetraiodothyronine in the pineal gland -- Chapter 42. Response of CFU-GM (colony forming units for granulocytes and macrophages) from intact and pinealectomized rat bone marrow to murine recombinant interleukin-3 (rII-3), recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) and hBOOKMARK -- Chapter 43. Immunocytochemical demonstration of serotonin immunoreactive cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons in the paraventricular organ of pigeons and domestic chickens -- Chapter 44. The bovine subcommissural organ: cytochemical and immunochemical characterization of the secretory process -- Chapter 45. Developmental neuron-glia interactions: role of serotonin innervation upon the differentiation of the ependymocytes of the rat subcommissural organ -- Chapter 46. Development of the median eminence during ontogenesis (morpho- functional aspects) -- Chapter 47. Neuro-hemal and neuro-glial specificities in the neural lobe of the pituitary gland. , Chapter 48. Non-vasopressinergic, non-oxytocinergic neuropeptides in the rat hygothalamo-neurohypophyseal tract: experimental immunohistochemical studies -- Chapter 49. Drug metabolizing enzymes in the rat pituitary gland -- Section IV: Circumventricular Organs and Brain Fluids: Systemic and Behavioral Aspects -- Chapter 50. Integrative mechanisms and the maintenance of cardiovascular and body fluid homeostasis: the central processing of sensory input derived from the circumventricular organs of the lamina terminalis -- Chapter 51. Efferent neural pathways of the lamina terminalis subserving osmoregulation -- Chapter 52. The role of OVLT in fever and antipyresis -- Chapter 53. Role of the OVLT in the febrile response to circulating pyrogens -- Chapter 54. Neurophysiological analysis of mechanisms for subfornical organ and area postrema involvement in autonomic control -- Chapter 55. Functional hypothalamic angiotensin II and catecholamine receptor systems inside and outside the blood-brain barrier -- Chapter 56. Progressive increases of protein synthesis in the circumventricular organs during chronic dehydration in rats -- Chapter 57. Aspects of normal cerebrospinal fluid circulation and circumventricular organs -- Chapter 58. Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on choroid plexus blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid production -- Chapter 59. Effect of arginine vasopressin on blood vessels of the perfused choroid plexus of the sheep -- Chapter 60. Neuropeptides in the cerebrospinal fluid and regulation of behavior -- Chapter 61. Neurohypophyseal hormone receptors: relation to behavior -- Chapter 62. The human hypothalamus in development, sexual differentiation, aging and Alzheimer's disease -- Subject Index.