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  • 1
    In: Earth and planetary science letters, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1966, (2009), 1385-013X
    In: year:2009
    In: extent:9
    Description / Table of Contents: Newly pre-stack depth-migrated seismic images resolve the structural details of the western Java forearc and plate interface. The structural segmentation of the forearc into discrete mechanical domains correlates with distinct deformation styles. Approximately 2/3 of the trench sediment fill is detached and incorporated into frontal prism imbricates, while the floor sequence is underthrust beneath the décollement. Western Java, however, differs markedly from margins such as Nankai or Barbados, where a uniform, continuous décollement reflector has been imaged. In our study area, the plate interface reveals a spatially irregular, nonlinear pattern characterized by the morphological relief of subducted seamounts and thicker than average patches of underthrust sediment. The underthrust sediment is associated with a low velocity zone as determined from wide-angle data. Active underplating is not resolved, but likely contributes to the uplift of the large bivergent wedge that constitutes the forearc high. Our profile is located 100 km west of the 2006 Java tsunami earthquake. The heterogeneous décollement zone regulates the friction behavior of the shallow subduction environment where the earthquake occurred. The alternating pattern of enhanced frictional contact zones associated with oceanic basement relief and weak material patches of underthrust sediment influences seismic coupling and possibly contributed to the heterogeneous slip distribution. Our seismic images resolve a steeply dipping splay fault, which originates at the décollement and terminates at the sea floor and which potentially contributes to tsunami generation during co-seismic activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 9 , graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1385-013X
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Keywords: Dissertation ; Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource ( 274Seiten = 175MB) , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt
    Language: German
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  • 3
    Keywords: Geology, Structural-Europe-Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Basement Tectonics, held in Potsdam, Germany, July 1994.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (183 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9789400915985
    Series Statement: Proceedings of the International Conferences on Basement Tectonics Series ; v.5
    DDC: 551.8094
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉The interaction of the northern Nazca and southwestern Caribbean oceanic plates with northwestern South America (NWSA) and the collision of the Panama‐Choco arc (PCA) have significant implications on the evolution of the northern Andes. Based on a quantitative kinematic reconstruction of the Caribbean and Farallon/Farallon‐derived plates, we reconstructed the subducting geometries beneath NWSA and the PCA accretion to the continent. The persistent northeastward migration of the Caribbean plate relative to NWSA in Cenozoic time caused the continuous northward advance of the Farallon‐Caribbean plate boundary, which in turn resulted in its progressive concave trench bending against NWSA. The increasing complexity during the Paleogene included the onset of Caribbean shallow subduction, the PCA approaching the continent, and the forced shallow Farallon subduction that ended in the fragmentation of the Farallon Plate into the Nazca and Cocos plates and the Coiba and Malpelo microplates by the late Oligocene. The convergence tectonics after late Oligocene comprised the accretional process of the PCA to NWSA, which evolved from subduction erosion of the forearc to collisional tectonics by the middle Miocene, as well as changes of convergence angle and slab dip of the Farallon‐derived plates, and the attachment of the Coiba and Malpelo microplates to the Nazca plate around 9 Ma, resulting in a change of convergence directions. During the Pliocene, the Nazca slab broke at 5.5°N, shaping the modern configuration. Overall, the proposed reconstruction is supported by geophysical data and is well correlated with the magmatic and deformation history of the northern Andes.〈/p〉
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The tectonic reconstruction in convergent triple junctions is a particularly challenging task as the relative motion between plates could define highly changing boundaries. Indeed, the resulting interaction between these convergent plates may induce important changes in the disposition of the trenches, and in turn in the three‐dimensional geometry of the subducting plates. Therefore, these highly dynamic conditions throughout geological time may be accommodated by different phases of plate fragmentation and reorganization. These factors could explain the complex spatial‐temporal distribution of subduction‐related magmatism and the different episodes of deformation in the upper plates. This reasoning is validated in the northwestern corner of South America (SA), where the continent has been converging against the Caribbean and Farallon‐derived oceanic plates since Cretaceous time. Additionally, we study the effects of the collision and accretion of the Panama‐Choco arc with SA. To accomplish that, we review the kinematic history of the Farallon/Nazca and Caribbean oceanic plates relative to stable Guiana Craton (SA) and integrate these results with the magmatic and deformation evolution of the northern Andes, which allow us to propose a model of the geometrical evolution of the subducting slabs. The obtained model is additionally constrained by seismological data and published velocity anomalies.〈/p〉
    Description: Key Points: 〈list list-type="bullet"〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉The tectonics of convergent triple junctions is complicated by the relative plate motion and interaction of the involved plates〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉We propose a model for the kinematic and geometric evolution of the Farallon/Nazca and Caribbean plates throughout the Cenozoic〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉The interaction between the Caribbean, Nazca and South American plates is closely related to the deformation history in the Northern Andes〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈/list〉 〈/p〉
    Description: Helmholtz‐Zentrum Potsdam‐Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010956
    Description: Ecopetrol
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7411340
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129751
    Keywords: ddc:551.8 ; plate kinematics ; convergent margins ; slab geometry ; Northern Andean deformation episodes
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Within the DEKORP project (DEKORP: Deutsches Kontinentales Reflexionsseismisches Programm) a joint deep seismic reflection venture with the BELCORP (Belgian Continental Reflection Seismic Programme) group of the Belgian Geological Survey was carried out in 1987 across the Rhenish Massif, a part of the mid-European Variscides. This orogenic belt developed in the Upper Devonian/Carboniferous. Mostly Devonian rocks crop out at the surface. The Rhenish Massif is bordered by two sedimentary troughs: the sub-Variscan Foredeep in the north and the Permo-Carboniferous Saar-Nahe Basin in the south. In the east-west direction it is subdivided by the axial depression of the Eifel Nord-Süd Zone.The aim of the survey which totals almost 220 km of seismic profiling, was to investigate the crustal structure of the western part of the Rhenish Massif and to compare it with the line DEKORP 2-N which crosses the eastern portion of the massif. The results indicate the presence of NW-vergent tectonics of various styles that can often be traced down to deep parts of the crust. Horizontal Variscan compression plays a dominant role in the northern part while post-Variscan extension seems to dominate in the Saar-Nahe Basin, although even there traces of Variscan compression seem to be preserved in the middle crust. Common characteristics of the pre-Palaeozoic basement, differences between the western and eastern parts of the Rhenish Massif, and the deep extension of the Aachen Thrust (Faille du Midi) have been clearly observed. This prominent thrust in the north with its characteristic ramp and flat structure has been followed over 100 km length down
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 156 (1999), S. 207-232 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Balancing, reflection seismic, modelling, prestack depth migration, velocity determination.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —Different techniques in Geophysics and Geology are used to derive the structure of the subsurface. They are based on different data sets, i.e., seismic and geological data, and a combination of these techniques should produce better earth models. The case study presented in this paper is based on data of the German Continental Reflection program (DEKORP) collected in the Münsterland basin and the Rhenish Massif located at the northern border of the Rhenohercynian fold and thrust belt of the Mid-European Variscides. In this study we present an attempt to integrate balanced profiles, i.e., structural geology, and reflection seismics. The integration is performed by synthetically modelling seismic waves according to the acquisition of the field data, where the velocity model is based on the balanced profile. The synthetic data are compared with the field observations. Differences between observed data and field data are either caused by velocity errors in the model or by errors in the balanced profile. Criteria are developed to interpret these differences in order to improve the joint model of geologists and geophysicists. The case study presented in this paper shows that the combination of balanced profiles and reflection seismics may lead to shortcuts in the determination of seismic velocities of the subsurface. These shortcuts can reduce processing times and processing costs of reflection seismic data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Central Andes are the Earth's highest mountain belt formed by ocean–continent collision. Most of this uplift is thought to have occurred in the past 20 Myr, owing mainly to thickening of the continental crust, dominated by tectonic shortening. Here we use P-to-S ...
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Mid-German Crystalline Rise ; tectonic underplating ; oblique collision ; accretion ; magmaticarc ; root destruction ; lithospheric deformation ; subduction ; strain partitioning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The architecture of the European Variscides has been subdivided by Kossmat (1927) into paleogeographically coherent units which are presently interpreted as former plate fragments. The Mid-German Crystalline Rise (MGCR) separates two fragments (Rhenohercynian and Saxothuringian belts) at the site of an inferred plate boundary and reequilibrated orogenic root. The commonly favoured model interprets the MGCR as the magmatic arc on Saxothuringian crust above a south-dipping subduction zone in Upper Devonian and Carboniferous times. Data from the MGCR, the kinematic evolution of the Mid-European Variscides, and first order volume balancing suggest a reinterpretation of this unit which challenges classical views on the MGCR as well as on the subdivision of Variscan architecture. The MGCR is composed of two rock groups with different tectonic identity. A Lower Carboniferous low pressure-high temperature magmatic arc association on Lower Paleozoic basement rests tectonically on a stack of medium pressuremedium temperature rocks of inferred Rhenohercynian origin. The latter were tectonically accreted to the base of the overriding plate by tectonic underplating. The entire process was controlled by oblique convergence. This led to regional partitioning of the plate kinematic vector into contractional domains (lower Rhenohercynian plate and back-arc area of the upper Saxothuringian plate), bulk heterogeneous plate margin parallel extensional domains (MGCR), and plate margin parallel wrench domains (MGCR boundaries). During this process material was continually transferred from the lower plate to the upper plate, uplifted and exhumed by net crustal extension. The concomitant removal of parts of the former arc and the entire orogenic root necessitates a reappraisal of Variscan architecture and evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 81 (1992), S. 515-543 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Several small outcrops along the western Rhinegraben escarpment expose rocks which represent the western prolongation of the so-called Mid-German Crystalline Rise. This basement ridge separates the Rhenohercynian and Saxothuringian zones of the Variscan belt of Europe and thus marks the boundary between the external and the internal zones. The variable rock association includes an orthogneissamphibolite complex, weakly deformed low grade sediments (?Devonian and Visean), and a number of different syn- to post-orogenic granodioritic to granitic intrusives, all crosscut by Late Lower Carboniferous undeformed lamprophyric dikes and unconformable overlain by Permian sediments and volcanics. Largely isothermal decompression during coaxial fabric evolution in the orthogneiss complex marks an early stage of deformation possibly due to crustal attenuation. Peak metamorphism (amphibolite/greenschist facies) in the other sequences with only minor orogenic shortening is succeeded by retrogressive strike-slip deformation associated to peak intrusive activity. The encountered typically low-P high-T metamorphism, the predominant strike-slip type kinematic pattern, and the preservation of parts of the Devono-Carboniferous sedimentary cover of the Rise preclude major crustal thickening and subsequent exhumation. An exception is the probably thrust-bounded juxtaposition of the Albersweiler orthogneisses and Burrweiler schists which is supported by their respective PT-paths. The orogenic imprint in the sedimentary cover of the crystalline rise appears to be thermal rather than strain-induced, suggesting a dominant role of the abundant pre- to late-orogenic intrusives. The essential aspects of this sequence of related structural and thermal events as well as the rock type association suggest a largely submarine incipient magmatic arc type of orogenic environment for this part of the Variscan belt. Its evolution probably started during the Upper Devonian on a disintegrating continental platform and proceeded through the Lower Carboniferous continental collision with the Rhenohercynian zone entailing a concomittant switch in deformation mode of the upper plate.
    Abstract: Résumé Plusieurs affleurements, situés dans le versant ouest du fossé rhénan, donnent une idée du prolongement occidental du Seuil Cristallin d'Allemagne Centrale («Mitteldeutsche Kristallinschwelle») qui, dans la chaîne varisque européenne, sépare la zone rhénohercynienne de la zone saxo-thuringienne, c'est-à-dire la zone externe de la zone interne des Variscides. L'association lithologique, variée, comporte des orthogneiss à intercalations amphibolitiques, des sédiments (dévoniens à viséens ?) faiblement déformés à facies de schistes verts, provenant surtout de l'érosion de roches magmatiques et d'une série d'intrusions diverses de granites et granodiorites syn-à post-orogéniques. L'ensemble est traversé de dykes lamprophyriques d'âge viséen tardif non déformés et est surmonté en discordance par des sédiments et des volcanites permiens. Dans le complexe orthogneissique, une déformation coaxiale, concomittante à une décompression presque isothermique, indique une phase initiale de distension de la croûte. Dans les autres séquences (à facies d'amphibolites et de schistes verts), le point culminant du métamorphisme a accompagné une faible contraction orogénique. Ce stade a été suivi d'un régime de décrochement en conditions de rétromorphose, accompagné d'intrusions granodioritiques et basaltiques. Le type de métamorphisme à haute température/basse pression, le cadre cinématique décrochant et la préservation de la couverture sédimentaire dévono-carbonifère du Seuil Cristallin excluent un épaississement majeur de la croûte avec exhumation subséquente. Le voisinage immédiat de l'orthogneiss d'Albersweiler et des schistes de Burrweiler avec leur évolution thermo-barométrique anormale est la seule exception à cette règle. L'évolution orogénique dans cette partie du Seuil Cristallin a été régie davantage par des processus thermiques que par la déformation, ce qui suggère un rôle important des intrusions pré- à post-cinématiques. Les aspects essentiels de cette histoire où se combinent le développement structural et les événements thermiques, ainsi que l'association lithologique, est caractéristique d'un environnement d'arc magmatique sous-marin pour cette partie de la chaîne varisque. Son évolution a vraisemblablement commencé au Dévonien supérieur sur une plate-forme continentale en voie de désintégration. Elle s'est poursuivie pendant la collision continentale avec la zone rhénohercynienne au Carbonifère inférieur, avec changement du type de déformation de la plaque supérieure en un décrochement parallèle à l'orogène.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe kleinerer Aufschlüsse an der westlichen Rheingrabenrandschulter geben einen Einblick in die westliche Fortsetzung der Mitteldeutschen Kristallinschwelle. Mit der Trennung von rhenohercynischer und saxothuringischer Zone markiert sie die Grenze von der Extern- zur Internzone des Varistischen Orogens. Die vielfältige Gesteinsassoziation besteht aus einem Orthogneis-Amphibolit-Komplex, schwach verformten grünschieferfaziellen Sedimenten (?Devon und Unterkarbon) mit überwiegend magmatischem Detritus und einer Reihe verschiedener syn- und postorogener granodioritischer bis granitischer Intrusionen; die gesamte Abfolge wird von spätunterkarbonen Lamprophyren durchschlagen und diskordant von permischen Sedimenten und Vulkaniten überlagert. Eine coaxiale Gefügeentwicklung während nahezu isothermaler Dekompression im Orthogneiskomplex deutet eine frühe Krustendehnungsgeschichte an. Der Metamorphosehöhepunkt in den anderen Sequenzen (amphibolit-/grünschieferfaziell) während schwacher orogener Verformung wird von einem Blattverschiebungsregime — begleitet von granodioritischen und basaltischen Intrusionen — unter retrograden Bedingungen abgelöst. Der temperaturbetonte Metamorphosetyp, die vorherrschende Blattverschiebungskinematik und die Erhaltung von Teilen der devonisch-karbonischen Sedimenthülle der Kristallinschwelle schließen eine stärkere orogene Krustenverdickung mit nachfolgender Exhumierung aus. Eine Ausnahme bildet wahrscheinlich die unmittelbare Nachbarschaft des Albersweiler Orthogneis und der Burrweiler Schiefer mit ihrer anormalen PT-Geschichte. Die orogene Entwicklung in diesem Teil der Kristallinschwelle wird anscheinend stärker durch thermische als durch Verformungsprozesse gesteuert; dies legt eine wesentliche Rolle der prä- bis postkinematischen Intrusionen nahe. Die wesentlichen Aspekte der korrelierten Abfolge gefügebildender und thermischer Prozesse legt — auch unter Berücksichtigung der lithologischen Assoziation — das geodynamische Environment eines initialen, submarinen magmatischen Bogens für diesen Teil der Kristallinschwelle nahe. Seine Evolution begann vermutlich während des Oberdevons auf einer zerfallenden kontinentalen Plattform und hielt an während der unterkarbonischen Kollision mit der rhenoherzynischen Zone unter Wechsel des Deformationsmodus der Oberplatte hin zu orogenparallelem Zergleiten.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-01-06
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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