Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Heat Transfer -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter One: Trends, Tricks, and Try-ons in CFD/CHT -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Trends -- 2.1. Computational grid trends -- 2.1.1. Early choices: Cartesian, cylindrical-polar, and body-fitted -- 2.1.2. Arbitrary polygonal cells -- 2.1.3. PARSOL: for ``partly solid´´ cells -- 2.1.4. Space-averaged rather than detailed-geometry CFD -- 2.1.5. IBM: the immersed boundary method -- 2.1.6. Divided Cartesian grids -- 2.1.7. The future -- 2.2. Linear equation solver trends -- 2.2.1. Point-by-point (i.e., PBP) relaxation methods -- 2.2.2. General remarks about linear-equation solvers -- 2.2.3. The Thomas (or tridiagonal matrix) algorithm (i.e., TDMA) -- 2.2.4. Acceleration by overrelaxation -- 2.2.5. Conjugate gradient solvers -- 2.2.6. Preconditioned conjugate gradient solvers -- 2.3. Turbulence model trends -- 2.3.1. Origins -- 2.3.2. The effective-viscosity hypothesis -- 2.3.2.1. Early days -- 2.3.2.2. The mixing length hypothesis -- 2.3.2.3. Two-equation turbulence models -- 2.3.2.4. Wall functions -- 2.3.3. Reynolds stress models -- 2.3.4. DNS -- 2.3.5. Large eddy simulation -- 2.3.6. Population-based models -- 2.3.6.1. The main idea -- 2.3.6.2. Graphic representations -- 2.3.6.3. The ``TriMix´´ diagram, a ``map´´ of fuel-air-combustion product states -- 2.3.6.4. The combustor-simulation problem -- 2.3.6.5. When the turbulent fluctuations are ignored -- 2.3.6.6. EBU: the first two-member population model -- 2.3.6.7. A two-member model with Navier-Stokes equations for each member -- 2.3.6.8. A four-member population model -- 2.3.6.9. The multimember population -- 2.3.6.10. Populational and conventional CFD compared -- 3. Tricks -- 3.1. The IMMERSOL radiation model -- 3.1.1. The magnitude of the radiative problem -- 3.1.2. The action-at-a-distance difficulty. , 3.1.3. IMMERSOL: the main features -- 3.1.3.1. The dependent variables -- 3.1.3.2. The differential equations -- 3.1.3.3. The source terms -- 3.1.3.4. The value ascribed to λ3 -- 3.1.3.5. The boundary conditions -- 3.1.4. IMMERSOL: the rationale -- 3.1.4.1. Starting points -- 3.1.4.2. First steps -- 3.1.4.3. Between the ``thick´´ and ``thin´´ extremes -- 3.1.4.4. Wall emissivity as an extra resistance -- 3.1.5. IMMERSOL: conclusions -- 3.2. The wall-distance trick -- 3.2.1. How to calculate Wgap -- 3.2.2. The L equation -- 3.2.3. The parallel-wall situation -- 3.2.4. Concluding remark -- 3.3. The cut-link trick -- 3.3.1. Introduction -- 3.3.2. The pros and cons of PARSOL -- 3.3.3. Detecting the link intersections -- 3.3.3.1. The problem -- 3.3.3.2. The 2D projection method (2DPM) -- 3.3.3.3. The 2D section method (2DSM) -- 3.3.3.4. Other aspects of facet-grid-line intersection detection -- 3.3.4. Changing coefficients in SPARSOL -- 3.3.4.1. The problem -- 3.3.4.2. Changing the distances -- 3.3.4.3. Changing the areas -- 3.3.4.4. Adding fluid-side resistances -- 3.3.5. Modifying sources -- 3.3.6. Concluding remarks about SPARSOL -- 4. Try-ons -- 4.1. A differential equation for mixing length -- 4.1.1. What ludwig prandtl might have done -- 4.1.2. The spalart-allmaras viscosity-transport model -- 4.1.3. The ``mixing length transport try-on´´ -- 4.1.4. How ``const1´´ might be determined: the ``reverse-engineering´´ approach -- 4.1.5. Concluding remarks about mixing length transport -- 4.2. The population approach to swirling flow -- 4.2.1. The problem -- 4.2.2. A ``try-on´´ solution -- 4.3. Hybrid CFD ``Try-on´´ -- 4.3.1. The general idea -- 4.3.2. The partially parabolic method extended -- 4.3.3. Simulating automobile aerodynamics -- 4.3.4. Environmental applications -- 4.3.5. Generalizing wall functions -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- References. , Chapter Two: A Study of Micro-scale Boiling by Infrared Techniques -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Capability of infrared thermography heat transfer measurements -- 1.2. Methodology of IR measurement in microsystems -- 1.3. Microscale phenomenon of boiling -- 1.3.1. Pool boiling -- 1.3.2. Boiling in micro-channels -- 2. Boiling Incipience -- 2.1. Models for prediction of incipient boiling heat flux and wall superheat -- 2.2. Comparison between models and experiments -- 2.2.1. Wall superheat -- 2.2.2. The Influence of Surface Roughness on Boiling Incipience -- 2.2.3. Effect of Inlet Velocity on Incipient Boiling Heat Flux -- 3. Boiling Heat Transfer in Micro-channels -- 3.1. Heat transfer coefficient -- 3.2. Flow instabilities -- 3.2.1. Fluctuation of pressure drop, fluid, and heated wall temperatures -- 4. Nucleation Characteristics of Heaters -- 4.1. Nucleation site density (NSD) -- 4.2. Dryout -- 4.2.1. Flat surface with nano-scale roughness -- 4.2.2. Channel surface with micro-scale roughness -- 4.2.3. Explosive boiling -- 5. The Boiling Crisis Phenomenon -- 5.1. CHF measurements in micro-channels -- 5.2. Physical approach based on IR measurements -- 5.2.1. Period between successive events -- 5.2.2. The initial thickness of the liquid film -- 6. Effect of Surface Active Agents (Surfactants) on Boiling Characteristics -- 6.1. Properties of surfactants -- 6.2. Pool boiling heat transfer -- 6.2.1. Physical properties of solutions -- 6.2.2. Instrumentation -- 6.2.3. Visualization of thermal pattern on the heated wall -- 6.2.4. Boiling curves and heat transfer coefficients -- 6.2.5. The Effect of Physical Properties of Surfactant Solution on Heat Transfer -- 6.3. Boiling in confined narrow space -- 6.3.1. Boiling Curves and Average Heat Transfer -- 6.4. ONB in parallel micro-channels. , 6.4.1. Effect of dissolved gases on ONB during flow boiling of water and surfactant solutions in micro-channels -- 6.4.2. Boiling incipience in degraded surfactant solutions -- 7. Experimental Study of Integrated Micro-channel Cooling for 3D Electronic Circuit Architectures -- 8. Uncertainty -- 9. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter Three: Technology Evolution, from the Constructal Law -- 1. Technology Evolution, Predicted -- 2. Evolution of Compactness -- 3. Tree-Shaped Designs: Conduction, Fluid Flow, and Convection -- 4. Free Convection: An Engine+Brake System -- 5. Constructal Law, Design in Nature, and Complexity -- References -- Chapter Four: Recent Advances in Vapor Chamber Transport Characterization for High-Heat-Flux Applications -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Ultrathin vapor chambers for thermal management of electronics -- 1.2. Nucleate boiling in porous wick structures -- 1.3. Recent advances -- 2. Experimental Evaluation of Capillary-Fed Evaporation and Boiling -- 2.1. Homogeneous wick structures: morphological, pore size, porosity, and thickness effects -- 2.1.1. Sintered screen mesh -- 2.1.2. Monoporous sintered powder -- 2.1.3. Biporous sintered powder -- 2.1.4. Summary -- 2.2. Efficient liquid feeding and vapor extraction features -- 2.3. Prediction of capillary-fed boiling thermal resistance -- 2.4. Incipience of boiling under capillary-fed conditions -- 2.5. Dryout mechanisms and heater size dependency -- 3. Device-Level Modeling, Testing, and Design for High-Heat-Flux Applications -- 3.1. Flat heat pipe and vapor chamber models -- 3.1.1. Analytical modeling approaches -- 3.1.2. Numerical modeling approaches -- 3.1.3. Summary -- 3.2. Wick thermophysical properties and pore-scale evaporation characteristics -- 3.2.1. Simplified analytical prediction -- 3.2.2. Empirical characterization -- 3.2.3. Advances in characterization methods. , 3.3. Recent advances in ultrathin vapor chamber modeling -- 3.3.1. Wick microstructure effects on evaporation characteristics -- 3.3.2. Boiling in the wick structure -- 3.4. Design and development of ultrathin vapor chamber devices -- 3.4.1. Radio-frequency TGP -- 3.4.2. Micro-/nanostructured TGP -- 3.4.3. Planar vapor chambers with hybrid evaporator wicks -- 3.4.4. Polymer-based flat heat pipe -- 3.4.5. Silicon TGP vapor chamber -- 3.4.6. Titanium TGP -- 4. Nanostructured Capillary Wicks for Vapor Chamber Applications -- 4.1. Assessment and design of nanostructured wicks -- 4.1.1. Nanowire array wicks -- 4.1.2. Nanostructured coatings -- 4.2. Experimental evaluation of nanostructured wicks -- 4.2.1. Nanowire array wicks -- 4.2.2. Nanostructured coatings -- 5. Closure -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Five: Applications of Nanomaterials in Solar Energy and Desalination Sectors -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Solar Energy -- 2.1. Thermal energy storage systems -- 2.2. Direct absorption solar collectors -- 2.3. Photovoltaic technology -- 2.4. Desalination -- 3. Conclusions -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Heat Transfer -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter One: Review of the cavity effect: Modeling and impact of cavity shape on apparent radiative surface properties -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objective and overview -- 3 General model for the spectral, hemispherical apparent emissivity of a cavity -- 3.1 Spectral, hemispherical apparent emissivity of a cavity -- 3.2 Apparent emissivity of a cavity with isothermal, diffuse, and gray walls -- 3.3 Equivalence of apparent emissivity and absorptivity -- 3.4 Hemispherical, integrated, and local apparent emissivity -- 3.5 Methods for determining apparent radiative surface properties -- 4 Verification of the general model for apparent radiative surface properties -- 5 Apparent emissivity for isothermal, diffuse, gray, two-surface enclosures -- 5.1 Cylindrical cavity -- 5.2 Conical cavity -- 5.3 Spherical cavity -- 5.4 Cylindro-conical cavity -- 5.5 Cylindro-inner cone cavity -- 5.6 Double-cone cavity -- 5.7 Geometric comparison -- 6 Advances in cavity modeling -- 6.1 Cylindrical cavity -- 6.1.1 Diffusely reflecting and emitting surfaces -- 6.1.2 Specularly reflecting and diffusely emitting surfaces -- 6.2 Conical cavity -- 6.2.1 Diffusely reflecting and emitting surfaces -- 6.2.2 Specularly reflecting and diffusely emitting surfaces -- 6.3 Spherical cavity -- 6.3.1 Diffusely reflecting and emitting surfaces -- 6.3.2 Specularly reflecting and diffusely emitting surfaces -- 6.4 Cylindro-conical cavity -- 6.4.1 Diffusely reflecting and emitting surfaces -- 6.4.2 Specularly reflecting and diffusely emitting surfaces -- 6.5 Cylindro-inner cone cavity -- 6.6 Double-cone cavity -- 7 Comparison of hemispherical apparent emissivity -- 8 Cavity effect applications -- 9 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References. , Chapter Two: Hyperthermia applications in cardiovascular and cancer therapy treatments -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Hyperthermia in cardiovascular diseases -- 2.1 LDL transport in arterial walls: two approaches -- 2.2 Governing equations -- 2.3 Effects of hypertension and hyperthermia on LDL -- 2.4 Hyperthermia and soret effects on LDL concentration -- 3 Using hyperthermia in cancer treatment applications -- 3.1 Nanoparticle usage for hyperthermia applications -- 3.2 Gold-based nanostructures -- 3.3 Magnetic nanoparticles -- 3.4 Iron oxide nanoparticles -- 3.5 Carbon nanotubes -- 3.6 Heat generation -- 3.7 Specific absorption rate -- 3.8 Governing equations -- 3.9 The impact of blood vessels on temperature patterns -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter Three: Enhancement of heat transfer with nanofluids and its applications in heat exchangers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Application of nanofluids in solar collectors -- 2.1 Direct absorption solar collectors (DASC) -- 2.2 Flat plate solar collectors (FPSC) -- 2.3 Evacuated tube solar collectors (ETSC) -- 3 Application of nanofluids for fouling retardation and heat transfer enhancement -- 3.1 Impact of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) based nanofluid on retardation of fouling and enhancement of heat transfer -- 3.2 Impact of graphene nanoplatelet-based nanofluid (GNP) on fouling retardation and heat transfer enhancement -- 4 Applications of nanofluids in annular flow heat exchangers -- 4.1 Nanofluids behavior in an annular flow heat exchanger -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter Four: Programmable micro- and nano-engineered liquid metals in thermal engineering applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Morphological forms -- 2.1 Bulk (droplet) form -- 2.2 Particle form -- 2.3 Liquid metal marbles -- 3 Processing techniques -- 3.1 Drop-on-demand -- 3.2 Molding -- 3.3 Microfluidics. , 3.4 Sonication -- 3.5 Shearing -- 3.6 Liquid metal marbles -- 4 Actuation principles and associated characteristics of liquid metals -- 4.1 Mechanical actuation -- 4.2 Electrical actuation -- 4.3 Electrocapillarity -- 4.3.1 Continuous electrowetting -- 4.3.2 Electrowetting-on-dielectric -- 4.3.3 Electrochemically-controlled-capillarity -- 4.4 Magnetic actuation -- 4.5 Optical actuation -- 4.6 Acoustic actuation -- 4.7 Thermal actuation -- 4.8 Chemical actuation -- 4.9 Self-propelling actuation -- 4.10 Multi-stimuli actuation -- 5 Applications of liquid metals in thermal engineering -- 5.1 Phototherapeutic -- 5.2 Thermal switches -- 5.3 Photothermal actuators -- 5.4 Energy harvesting -- 5.5 Microfluidic thermal management -- 5.6 Thermal interface materials -- 5.7 Composite materials -- 5.8 Microencapsulated phase change materials -- 6 Our perspective and future directions -- References -- Chapter Five: Thermal transport in engineered cellular materials: A contemporary perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Stochastic foams -- 2.1 Early investigations -- 2.2 Looking ahead -- 3 Pore-scale flow and thermal transport in stochastic cellular materials -- 4 Pore-scale flow and thermal transport in architectured cellular materials: strut-based -- 4.1 Forced convection with air as working fluid -- 4.1.1 Strut-based additively manufactured lattice structures -- 4.1.1.1 BCC, FCC lattices and their variations -- 4.1.1.2 Kelvin, Octet, face-diagonal cube, cube unit cell-based lattices -- 4.2 Forced convection with some other working fluids (water, hydrocarbons, particles, supercritical carbon dioxide) -- 4.3 Architectured cellular materials for applications requiring conformal cooling solutions -- 5 Concluding remarks -- References. , Chapter Six: Heat transfer analysis of partially ionized hybrid nanofluids flow comprising magnetic/non-magnetic nanoparticles in an annular region of two homocentric inclined cylinders -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mathematical formulation -- 2.1 Physical quantities -- 2.2 Numerical analysis -- 2.3 Outcomes with discussion -- 2.4 Future areas of research -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- Back Cover.

Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Heat Transfer -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter One - Prediction of the Influence of Energetic Chemical Reactions on Forced Convective Heat Transfer -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PRIOR WORK -- 3. A MODEL FOR NEW NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS -- 4. CLOSED-FORM ANALYSES -- 5. NEW NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- 7. APOLOGY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter Two - Advances and Outlooks of Heat Transfer Enhancement by Longitudinal Vortex Generators -- Abstract -- Nomenclature -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT BY LVGS -- 3. APPLICATIONS OF LVGS FOR HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT -- 4. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SUBJECT INDEX -- AUTHOR INDEX.