Note: Literaturverz. S. 379 - 399 und Index , Machine generated contents note: Preface; Acknowledgments; 1. Introduction; 2. Data analysis; 3. Magnetics; 4. Electrical resistivity method; 5. Induced polarization and self-potential; 6. Seismic reflection and refraction; 7. Seismic surface wave analysis; 8. Electromagnetic induction; 9. Ground-penetrating radar; 10. Emerging techniques; 11. Linear inversion; 12. Nonlinear inversion: local methods; 13. Nonlinear inversion: global methods; Appendix A. Shannon sampling theorem; Appendix B. Solution of Laplace's equation in spherical coordinates; Appendix C. The linear t--p transformation of seismic data; Appendix D. Horizontal loop over a conducting halfspace; Appendix E. Radar TE waveguide mode equations; References; Index.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Workflow -- 1.2 Some applications of near-surface geophysics -- 1.3 Communication of uncertainties -- 1.4 Outline of the book -- 2 Data analysis -- 2.1 Information -- 2.2 Sensors -- 2.3 Frequency response -- 2.4 Discrete Fourier transform -- 2.5 Filtering -- 2.6 Convolution -- 2.7 Sampling and aliasing -- 2.8 Data windows and spectral analysis -- 2.9 De-spiking time series -- 2.10 Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) -- Problems -- 3 Magnetics -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Fundamentals -- 3.3 Instrumentation -- 3.4 Magnetic gradiometry -- 3.5 Geomagnetic field -- 3.6 Total-field anomaly -- 3.7 Interpretation of magnetic anomalies -- 3.8 Reduction to the pole -- 3.9 Depth rules -- 3.10 Magnetic properties of rocks, soils, and buried steel objects -- 3.11 Remanent magnetization -- 3.12 Image-enhancement filters -- 3.13 Upward continuation -- 3.14 Euler and Werner deconvolution -- 3.15 Illustrative case histories -- Problems -- 4 Electrical resistivity method -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Fundamentals -- 4.3 Sensitivity functions -- 4.4 Multi-layer models -- 4.5 Azimuthal resistivity -- 4.6 Resistivity pseudosections -- 4.7 Electrical-resistivity tomography (ERT) -- 4.8 Electrical properties of rocks -- 4.9 Electrical-hydraulic field-scale correlation studies -- 4.10 Optimal electrode placement -- 4.11 Underwater resistivity techniques -- 4.12 Illustrative case histories -- Problems -- 5 Induced polarization and self-potential -- 5.1 Induced polarization (IP): introduction -- 5.2 Phenomenological resistivity dispersion models -- 5.3 Electrode, membrane, and interfacial polarization -- 5.4 IP response and subsurface geological processes -- 5.5 Non-polarizing electrodes -- 5.6 IP illustrated case history -- 5.7 Self-potential (SP): introduction -- 5.8 Physical mechanisms. , 5.9 Interpretation of SP measurements -- 5.10 Continuous wavelet transform analysis -- 5.11 SP illustrated case history -- Problem -- 6 Seismic reflection and refraction -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Stress and strain -- 6.3 Wave motion -- 6.4 Seismic waves and elastic moduli -- 6.5 Seismic velocity of geomaterials -- 6.6 Reflection and refraction at an interface -- 6.7 Diffraction -- 6.8 Analysis of idealized reflection seismograms -- 6.9 Vertical and horizontal resolution -- 6.10 Common midpoint profiling -- 6.11 Dip moveout -- 6.12 Attenuation -- 6.13 Seismic refraction -- 6.14 Practical considerations -- 6.15 Seismic data processing -- 6.16 Ray-path modeling -- 6.17 Illustrated case studies -- Problems -- 7 Seismic surface-wave analysis -- 7.1 Rayleigh waves -- 7.2 Dispersion -- 7.3 Rayleigh-wave propagation in a multi-layer system -- 7.4 Spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) -- 7.5 Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) -- 7.6 Inversion of R-wave dispersion characteristics -- 7.7 Microtremor and passive studies -- 7.8 Illustrated case histories -- 8 Electromagnetic induction -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Fundamentals -- 8.3 The skin effect -- 8.4 Inductively coupled LR circuits -- 8.5 Terrain conductivity meters -- 8.6 Time-domain EM induction -- 8.7 Finite-source excitation of a layered Earth -- 8.8 Plane-wave excitation methods: VLF, RMT, CSMT -- 8.9 Airborne electromagnetics -- 8.10 EM responses of rough geological media -- 8.11 Anisotropy -- 8.12 Illustrated case histories -- Problems -- 9 Ground-penetrating radar -- 9.1 Fundamentals -- 9.2 Dielectric constant and electrical conductivity -- 9.3 Dielectric properties of rocks and soils -- 9.4 Resolution -- 9.5 Data acquisition -- 9.6 Basic GPR data processing -- 9.7 Advanced GPR data processing -- 9.8 Electromagnetic plane waves -- 9.9 Plane-wave reflection from an interface. , 9.10 Analysis of thin beds -- 9.11 GPR antennas -- 9.12 GPR radiation patterns -- 9.13 Target polarization -- 9.14 GPR guided waves -- 9.15 GPR illustrative case histories -- Problems -- 10 Emerging techniques -- 10.1 Surface nuclear magnetic resonance -- 10.2 Time-lapse microgravity -- 10.3 Induced-seismicity studies -- 10.4 Landmine discrimination -- 10.5 Passive GPR interferometry -- 10.6 Seismoelectric coupling -- 11 Linear inversion -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Linear-parameter estimation -- 11.3 Least-squares solution -- 11.4 Example: near-surface magnetization -- 11.5 Example: deconvolution -- 11.6 Data covariance -- 11.7 The null space -- 11.8 The minimum-norm solution -- 11.9 The trade-off curve -- 11.10 Regularization -- 11.11 Example: EM loop-loop sounding -- 11.12 Singular-value decomposition -- Problems -- 12 Non-linear inversion: local methods -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Steepest-descent method -- 12.3 Non-linear least-squares method -- 12.4 Levenberg-Marquardt method -- 12.5 Quasi-Newton methods -- 12.6 Conjugate-gradient method -- 12.7 Example: seismic traveltime tomography -- 12.8 Bayesian inversion -- 12.9 Auxiliary sensitivity analysis -- Problems -- 13 Non-linear inversion: global methods -- 13.1 Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method -- 13.2 Simulated-annealing (SA) method -- 13.3 Genetic-algorithm (GA) method -- 13.4 Neural-network (NN) methods -- 13.5 The self-organizing map (SOM) -- Problem -- Appendix A Shannon sampling theorem -- Appendix B Solution of Laplace´s equation in spherical coordinates -- Appendix C The linear tau-p transformation of seismic data -- Appendix D Horizontal loop over a conducting halfspace -- Dirac delta function in cylindrical coordinates -- Source current density for a horizontal loop -- Hankel transforms -- Appendix E Radar TE waveguide mode equations -- References -- Index.