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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cary :Oxford University Press, Incorporated,
    Keywords: Food chains (Ecology). ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Food webs are one of the most useful, and challenging, objects of study in ecology. These networks of predator-prey interactions, conjured in Darwin's image of a "tangled bank," provide a paradigmatic example of complex adaptive systems. This book is based on a February 2004 Santa Fe Institute workshop. Its authors treat the ecology of predator-prey interactions, food web theory, structure and dynamics. The book explores the boundaries of what is known of the relationship between structure and dynamics in ecological networks and will define directions for future developments in this field.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (405 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780199775057
    Series Statement: Santa Fe Institute Studies on the Sciences of Complexity Series
    DDC: 577/.16
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- A. INTRODUCTION -- 1. From Small to Large Ecological Networks in a Dynamic World -- B. STRUCTURE OF COMPLEX ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS -- 2. The Network Structure of Food Webs -- Box A. Additional Model Complexity Reduces Fit to Complex Food-Web Structure -- Box B. Reply to Martinez and Cushing -- 3. Graph Theory and Food Webs -- 4. Parasites and Food Webs -- Box C. Sea Lampreys in Great Lakes Food Webs -- 5. The Structure of Plant-Animal Mutualistic Networks -- C. INTEGRATING ECOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS -- 6. Diversity, Complexity, and Persistence in Large Model Ecosystems -- 7. Exploring Network Space with Genetic Algorithms Modularity, Resilience, and Reactivity -- 8. Food-Web Structure and Dynamics: Reconciling Alternative Ecological Currencies -- D. ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS AS EVOLVING, ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS -- 9. Models of Food-Web Evolution -- 10. Phenotypic Plasticity and Species Coexistence: Modeling Food Webs as Complex Adaptive Systems -- 11. Exploring the Evolution of Ecosystems with Digital Organisms -- 12. Network Evolution: Exploring the Change and Adaptation of Complex Ecological Systems over Deep Time -- E. STABILITY AND ROBUSTNESS OF ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS -- 13. Ecological Network Meltdown from Habitat Loss and Fragmentation -- 14. Biodiversity Loss and Ecological Network Structure -- F. CONCLUSIONS -- 15. Challenges for the Future: Integrating Ecological Structure and Dynamics -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words California chaparral ; Pseudotsuga menziesii ; Soil moisture ; Seedling establishment ; Facilitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The occurrence of mature individuals of Pseudotsuga menziesii in stands of Arctostaphylos species mark the initial stages of mixed evergreen forest invasion into chaparral in central coastal California. We planted two cohorts of P. menziesii seeds at three sites under stands of two Arctostaphylos species and Adenostoma fasciculatum in order to determine whether first-year seedling emergence and survival, particularly during the regular summer drought, underlie the spatial distribution of mature trees observed in chaparral. Regardless of the chaparral species they were planted under, P. menziesii seeds that were not protected from vertebrate predation displayed very little emergence and no survival. In contrast, emergence of P. menziesii that were protected from vertebrate predators was much higher but still did not significantly differ among the three chaparral species. However, survival of protected seedlings under Arctostaphylos glandulosa was much greater than under A. fasciculatum, with intermediate survival under Arctostaphylos montana. While mortality of protected seedlings due to insect herbivory, fungal infection, and disturbance displayed no consistent patterns, summer drought mortality appeared to drive the patterns of survival of P. menziesii under the different chaparral species. These emergence, mortality, and survival data suggest that spatial patterns of P. menziesii recruitment in chaparral are driven by first-year summer drought seedling mortality, but only in years when seeds and seedlings are released from vertebrate predation pressure. Because the first-year drought mortality and survival patterns of P. menziesii seedlings differed strongly depending on the chaparral species, we examined the additional hypothesis that these patterns are associated with differences in the availability of soil moisture under different chaparral species. Both higher survival and lower drought mortality of P. menziesii seedlings were associated with higher soil water potential under Arctostaphylos stands during the summer drought, especially in the subsurface soil. The data suggest that Arctostaphylos stands, particularly stands of A. glandulosa, ameliorate xeric summer conditions to a degree that facilitates first-year establishment of P. menziesii and strongly influences spatial distribution of mature trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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