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  • Pyralidae  (4)
  • attractant  (4)
  • Electron microscopy  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Male-size-related courtship success and intersexual selection in the tobacco moth,Ephestia elutella (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 1291-1293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Sexual selection ; mate choice ; male pheromone ; mating success ; courtship ; Pyralidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary InEphestia elutella males, mating success is positively correlated with size. Experimental manipulation of males demonstrated that this is due to females actively discriminating against small males, the first direct evidence for female mate-choice in moths. Furthermore, this female preference is associated with increased fitness in that, by mating with larger males, females are more likely both to produce larger offspring and to increase their fecundity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946428
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral and electrophysiological activity of (Z,E)-7,9,11-dodecatrienyl formate, a mimic of the major sex pheromone component of carob moth,Ectomyelois ceratoniae (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 2331-2352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; sex pheromone ; (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienal ; mimic ; (Z,E)-7,9,11-dodecatrienyl formate ; wind tunnel ; attractant ; electrophysiology ; receptor cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The behavioral and electrophysiological activity of a mimic [(Z,E)7,9,11-dodecatrienyl formate] of the major sex pheromone component [(Z,E) 9,11,13-tetradecatrienal] of carob moth was assessed. Wind-tunnel bioassays demonstrated that the formate was as effective as natural gland extracts, and significantly more effective than the trienal alone or than the trienal blended with two minor pheromone components, in evoking source contact. Dispensers containing the formate were as effective as trienal-containing blend lures in attracting males when placed at the same dosage in traps in date gardens. Single-cell recordings showed that at least two olfactory neurons, differentiated by spike amplitude, are located in the long trichoid hairs on male carob moth antennae. Dose-response relationships indicated that puffs from cartridges loaded with at least 0.1 μg of the formate or of the trienal were necessary to elicit spiking by either the small or the large-spiking cell within a sensillum. Cross-adaptation studies demonstrated that both compounds stimulated the same large-spiking cell. The frequencies of spikes evoked from the large cell when stimulated by emissions from 0.1-μg, 1-μg, or 10-μg cartridges of either the formate or the trienal were not significantly different, suggesting that the formate is an effective mimic of the trienal at the antennal receptor cell level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984953
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of oogonia and oocytes in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 126 (1972), S. 53-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oogenesis ; Rhesus monkey ; Meiotic chromosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ovaries of foetal and neonatal rhesus monkeys have been examined with the electron microscope. The fine structure of the germ cells (oogonia; oocytes at the preleptotene, leptotene, zygotene, pachytene and diplotene stages of meiotic prophase) closely resembles that of corresponding human cells. Stages in spontaneous atresia are also described. Cytoplasmic organelles in oogonia are sparse and are grouped mainly at one pole of the nucleus, but become dispersed and more abundant as oogenesis proceeds. The nuclei of oogonia contain a random fibrillar matrix which becomes organized into threads at pre-leptotene. At leptotene these chromosomal threads each contain a dense axial “core”; during zygotene they become loosely paired in a “bouquet” arrangement and at pachytene the bivalents contain synaptinemal complexes. “Single” cores reappear at diplotene, surrounded by a complex fibrillar sheath organized into lateral projections and loops with associated granules: such chromosomes resemble those in human primordial oocytes although they are more diffuse. These findings support the view that at the diplotene stage mammalian oocytes contain chromosomes of the lampbrush type. Observations on the monkey are compared with those on other species, and the ways in which chromosomal organization may influence the radiosensitivity of oocytes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306780
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscope studies of radiation-induced degeneration in oocytes of the sexually mature rhesus monkey (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 435-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oocytes ; Monkey ; Radiation damage ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study describes the effects of acute X-irradiation of the ovaries upon the structure of primordial follicles in mature rhesus monkeys. Doses of 1000 r to 12000 r, and post-irradiation intervals of 7 hours to 30 days were used. Oocytes in biopsies from irradiated ovaries were compared with those removed from the same ovaries prior to treatment or from contra-lateral controls. The results of the treatment were assessed using light and electron microscopy. The fine structural features of normal primordial oocytes are described, with particular reference to mitochondria and dense granular bodies. Some observations on spontaneous degenerative changes are included. Irradiated ovaries are classified into four arbitrary groups according to the severity of cellular damage visible in primordial follicles with the light microscope. Effects are more marked following higher doses and/or longer intervals; the most obvious changes are pyknosis of nuclei and accumulation of dense granules in the follicle cell cytoplasm. Early changes in oocytes are relatively difficult to detect, but lead to clumping of cytoplasmic and nuclear contents at more advanced stages of degeneration. Alterations in oocyte fine structure consist mainly in swelling and disruption of membrane-bound organelles, and condensation of nuclear and nucleolar chromatin. They thus resemble those occurring during spontaneous atresia, although the damage to follicle cells is evident much sooner after irradiation. These findings are compared with those made for species in which primordial follicles are known to be destroyed by much lower doses of X-rays than were used here. The contribution to the radiation-response made by the relative radiosensitivities of oocytes and follicle cells in different species is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307127
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethological function of components of a sex attractant system for oriental fruit moth males,Grapholitha molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 475-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Tortricidae ; Grapholitha molesta ; Oriental fruit moth ; sex pheromone ; attractant ; Synergist ; hairpencil ; aphrodisiac ; cis-8-dodecenylacetate ; trans-8-dodecenylacetate ; dodecylalcohol ; cis-8-dodecen-1-ol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Field studies of male Oriental fruit moth,Grapholitha molesta (Busck), behavior indicated that a mixture of cis-8-dodecenyl acetate (c8-12∶Ac) and ca. 7% trans-8-dodecenyl acetate (t8-12∶Ac) was requisite for upwind anemotaxis. The simultaneous emission of dodecyl alcohol (12∶OH) and the attractant blend of c8-12∶Ac containing ca. 7% t8-12∶Ac elicited a behavioral repertoire including close-range orientation, landing near the chemical source, wing fanning, and extrusion of the males' abdominal hairpencils in precopulatory display. The effect of 12∶OH in increasing trap catches was, therefore, not due to its effect on upwind anemotaxis, but rather to its importance in eliciting landing and other close-range precopulatory behavior. Interestingly, cis-8-dodecen-1-ol in extremely low ratios to the attractants (1∶333) appeared to duplicate the activity of 12∶OH used in ratios of 3∶1 to the attractants. Laboratory observations of mating sequences revealed that male hairpencil eversion always preceded copulation. The evidence supports a male response sequence based on specific component combinations and concentrations eliciting successive behavioral steps rather than a response hierarchy dependent on increases in concentration of a single chemical or blend. Additionally, the closeness of the males' approach to c8-12:Ac containing ca. 7% t8-12:Ac was optimal at a discrete emission rate, and male responses were diminished within 30–60 sec after the males' arrival at the attractant source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988588
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a four-component sex pheromone of the female oriental fruit moth,Grapholitha molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 423-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Grapholitha molesta ; Oriental fruit moth ; attractant ; pheromone ; (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate ; (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate ; dodecyl acetate ; (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol ; dodecanol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The female-emitted pheromone ofGrapholitha molesta (Busck), the Oriental fruit moth, was collected by holding females in glass flasks during calling. Flask washes were found to contain four pheromone components: (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate and (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate in a 100∶7 ratio, and (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol and dodecanol in a 100∶20 ratio. The ratio of (Z)-8-acetate to (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol was approx. 100∶30. Approximately 0.1–0.2 ng of pheromone was recovered per female per hour of calling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987927
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral responses of maleArgyrotaenia velutinana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to components of its sex pheromone (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 333-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Argyrotaenia velutinana ; redbanded leafroller ; sex pheromone ; attractant ; cis-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; trans-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; dodecyl acetate ; male behavior ; synergist ; inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Males of the redbanded leafroller,Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), were studied for their behavioral responses in laboratory olfactometers and in the field to the 3 components of the female-produced sex pheromone:cis-11-tetradecenyl acetate (c11–14∶Ac),trans-11-tetradecenyl acetate (t11–14∶Ac), and dodecyl acetate (12∶Ac). Dodecyl acetate, when evaporated with c11–14∶Ac (8%trans) in the field, modified the behavior of feral males nearby the chemical source, causing an increase in the frequency of landing and close approach to the pheromone dispenser. Apparently, an inflight behavioral modification concerning landing or not landing occurs within 60 cm of the source and is mediated by 12∶Ac. In laboratory olfactometers, c11–14∶Ac (8%trans) demonstrated a lower threshold for male activation than pure c11- and t11–14∶Ac and blends of the two isomers. Additionally, over a wide range of dosages, males responded with optimum wing-fanning response to c11–14∶Ac (8%trans) compared to pure c11–14∶Ac, c11–14:Ac (30%trans), and pure t11–14∶Ac, suggesting that thecis∶trans ratio rather than absolute amounts of either isomer, is a crucial factor in eliciting male response. When presented with c11–14∶Ac (8%trans) (1∶1), dodecyl acetate caused a significant prolongation of wing-fanning over c11–14∶Ac (8%trans) alone and resulted in a greater percentage of males moving upwind to the source. Since the increase in wing-fanning and orientation occurred at higher concentrations of the 3-component mixture, the effect of 12∶Ac in the laboratory may reflect the close-range role of 12∶Ac in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988281
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical identification and behavioral characterization of male wing pheromone ofEphestia elutella (Pyralidae) (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 135-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: courtship pheromone ; wing pheromone ; male pheromone ; Ephestia elutella ; Pyralidae ; phytol ; γ-decalactone ; γ-undecalactone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Behavioral and chemical evidence is presented for the identity of the male wing pheromone ofEphestia elutella (Hübner) and the role of this pheromone in courtship success is evaluated. Males with the forewing removed experienced a mating success rate less than half of that of either intact males or males that had only the wing gland area remaining of their forewings. GC-MS analysis and microchemical reactions indicated the presence of (E)-phytol and a series of saturated γ-lactones in a methylene chloride extract of the wings. Using an assay of female courtship behavioral response, (E)-phytol was found to evoke an intermediate level of response in females when presented alone, while the complete array of insect-derived γ-lactones produced no significant response. The combination of either γ-decalactone or γ-undecalactone with (E)-phytol in a 1∶2 ratio, however, elicited a female response equivalent to that produced by the unfractionated wing extract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045597
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and bioassay of sex pheromone components of carob moth,Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 1973-1988 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Flight tunnel ; gas chromatography-electrophysiology ; mass ; spectrometry ; aldehydes ; (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienal ; (Z,E)-9,11-tetra-decadienal ; (Z)-9-tetradecenal ; pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three sex pheromone components of the carob moth were isolated and identified from the extract of female pheromone glands, using a variety of techniques including coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic recordings, coupled gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, microozonolysis, electroantennographic assays of monounsaturated standards, wind-tunnel bioassays, and field trials. The major component was identified as (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienal, a novel lepidopterous pheromone component structure. Two minor components, either one of which improves the upwind flight response of males when blended with the major component, were identified as (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienal, and (Z)-9-tetra-decenal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992582
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