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  • Electrical stimulation  (1)
  • Insect vision  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 169 (1991), S. 663-669 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Dragonfly ; Insect vision ; Compound eye ; Lamina monopolar cell ; Spectral sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five spectral types of photoreceptors with peak sensitivities at 330 nm, 410 nm, 460 nm, 525 nm and 630 nm were recorded from the ventral eye of the dragonfly, Hemicordulia tau. Often the 525 nm photoreceptors presented broader, and the 630 nm photoreceptors narrower, spectral sensitivities than would be excepted of a photopigment with the same peak sensitivity. Four types of lamina monopolar cells (cell types 1–4) were recognised from their dark-adapted spectral sensitivities and their anatomy. The anatomical identification allows tentative assignation to the monopolar cell classification from Sympetrum rubicundulum obtained using Golgi staining (Meinertzhagen and Armett-Kibel 1982). When dark-adapted, the monopolar cells had peak spectral sensitivities that were similar to single photoreceptors or appeared to pool receptor outputs, but in some cases spectral sensitivity changed markedly upon adaptation to white and to chromatic light, in one case (cell type 2) apparently ‘switching off’ a UV-sensitive input.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Enflurane ; Acupoint ; Electrical stimulation ; Anesthesia ; Craniotomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on enflurane anesthesia and hemodynamic changes during craniotomy was studied. Eighty neurosurgical patients were randomly divided into two groups. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl, droperidol, thiopental, and suxamethonium by intubation. In group A, anesthesia was maintained with enflurane (n=40), and in group B was supplemented by TEAS with Han's acupoint nerve stimulator (HANS) to Hegu, Yuyao, and Fengchi points on the operated side (n=40). The results showed that the ratio between expired concentration and minimum alveolar concentration of enflurane during operation in group B was 37.8%–47% lower than that in group A, and that the hemodynamics were more stable during operation. The results also demonstrated that the patients in Group B recovered faster after operation. It was concluded that TEAS with HANS significantly potentiated the anesthetic effect of enflurane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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