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  • Articles  (75)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of YBa2Cu3O7 step-edge junction characteristics with microstructure (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 1131-1139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Current-voltage characteristics, Josephson radiation spectra, and critical current versus magnetic-field dependences were measured in epitaxial, c-axis YBa2Cu3O7 step-edge Josephson junctions (SEJs) on SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 substrates with various step angles α. The results were correlated with microstructural data to determine the origin of the observed weak-link behavior. It was shown that on steps with α(approximately-greater-than)45° the SEJ is a series connection of two weak links unambiguously correlated with the occurrence of two 90° tilt grain boundaries. On steep steps, α≥70°, the boundary at the upper step edge has, on average, the (103) symmetry, while the lower one is predominantly of the basal-plane-faced (010)(001) type. Correspondingly, one link is weaker than the other, with the weaker link originating on the (010)(001) boundary. However, others have shown that analogous grain boundaries in planar (103) and biepitaxial a-axis/c-axis films do not exhibit a strong magnetic-field dependence of critical current, which is characteristic of a weak link. Hence, it is proposed that the weak-link behavior of boundaries on step edges originates from their defect structure. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360347
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutual phase-locking of ten YBa2Cu3O7 step-edge Josephson junctions up to 45 K (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 1960-1962 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed a microwave circuit using ten parallel-biased high-temperature superconductor Josephson junctions to demonstrate phase-locking for applications such as oscillators, mixers, and detectors. The basic cell consists of two Josephson junctions enclosed in a microstrip resonator, which provides voltage-locking and low dynamic resistance in the current–voltage characteristic. Partial synchronization of the ten junctions was observed up to 45 K and up to 1 THz. The implications of this design for power and radiation linewidth will be discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117635
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EAACI Position paper: Adrenaline for emergency kits (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb05049.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mediator release is altered in immunotherapy-treated patients: a 4-ear study (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In recent years, it has been possible to demonstrate mediator release into the nasal secretion after nasal allergen challenge in patients with allergic rhinitis. Using the nasal provocation model, we determined whether the mediator release was altered in immunotherapy-treated patients. Seventeen grass-pollen-allergic patients were examined under controlled, reproducible conditions. Serial challenges with increasing doses of grass pollen produced increasing numbers of clinical symptoms and release of mediators such as kinins, TAME-esterase activity, and histamine. Ten patients received a semidepot perennial grass-pollen extract for 4 years. Seven patients served as controls and did not receive immunotherapy during the observation period. Data from the group of patients receiving immunotherapy over the first year already showed a partially significant decline in the maximal mediator release after nasal allergen challenges compared to the results of pretreated challenges, whereas controls did not show any significant changes. Nasal allergen challenges after termination of 4 years' immunotherapy significantly modified the mediator release compared to pretreatment values (TAME-esterase activity P〈0.05, kinins P〈0.01, and histamine P〈0.01). Decrease of mediator release paralleled the symptom-medication scores and quantitative skin prick test. Finally, we could demonstrate a significant correlation between specific IgG increase and mediator decrease in the treated group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb00025.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupational wood-dust sensitivity from Euonymus europaeus (spindle tree) and investigation of cross reactivity between E.e. wood and Artemisia vulgaris pollen (mugwort) (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 46 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A 44-year-old goldsmith suffered from rhinitis and conjunctivitis after having worked with wood dust from Euonymus europaeus (E.e.) for 15 years. The material was used for drying pieces of jewellery. Very strong reactions could be seen after friction test, scratch test and nasal challenge using wood dust of E.e. RAST-class 3 could be measured with the serum of this patient using E.e. wood and Artemisia vulgaris (A.u. pollen) allergen disks. RAST-inhibition, westernblot (WB) and immunoprint (IP) indicated common allergens in extracts of E.e. wood and A.v. pollen of different degree. In addition this study indicated that subjects suffering from A.v. pollen allergy also show sensitization to E.e. wood since in 22 of 37 A.v. pollen allergies A.v. (RAST class 2-4) IgE-antibodies could be seen. The present case probably demonstrates for the first time an IgE-mediated type I allergy to E.e. wood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1991.tb00568.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basophil histamine release in patients with birch pollen hypersensitivity with and without allergic symptoms to fruits (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Histamine release (HR) studies were performed in 40 birch pollen-allergic patients (positive case history, positive SPT, positive birch pollen-specific serum IgE: RAST ≤ 3) with (n= 20, A) and without (n= 20, B) fruit hypersensitivity, and 10 nonatopic volunteers (C). Several fruit allergens were used and characterized by protein determination and immunoblot techniques. Dose-dependent HR (apple peel = apple pulp〉 peach = cherry) was demonstrated in both allergic groups, but to a higher extent in patients with fruit allergy (P 〈 0.01). Increased basophil sensitivity to birch pollen was found in the group with fruit allergy (P 〈 0.001). Strong correlations between the mediator response induced by several fruits indicate common allergens within the extracts. We conclude that fruit-related symptoms require not only high specific serum IgE, but a strong cellular sensitization to birch pollen allergens together with an increased cellular reactivity to fruit allergens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb02384.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison between two automated systems to determine specific IgE: CAP and ELItest (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background and objective The ELItest® is a newly developed system to measure specific IgE based on allergen bound to paper rings and an alkaline phosphatase conjugated second antibody detection system. It was compared to the CAP® system, a method based on allergen conjugated to an encapsulated cellulose polymer and a β-galactosidase conjugated fluorescence detection system.Methods Sera of 300 patients with positive history and positive skin-prick tests to common allergens (birch, timothy-grass, cat dander, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, wasp venom) and 30 negative controls were tested in both systems. Serial dilutions of high titre sera were measured; inter- and intraassay coefficients of variation (cv) were determined.Results The CAP system proved to be more sensitive (92.3%) compared to ELItest (84%) but marginally less specific (94.7% for CAP versus 96.7% for ELItest). Intraassay cv were slightly lower in the ELItest (7.2% CAP versus 6.4% ELItest), whereas the interassay cv was roughly twice as high for ELItest (20.1%) than for the CAP system (11.4%). Linearity over an 8-fold dilution was good in both tests (r2 0.979 ELItest versus 0.996 CAP), although ELItest levelled off at higher allergen concentrations. Similarly, correlation analysis between both systems revealed that ELItest consistently measured lower values, especially at higher concentrations of specific IgE. The slope of the linear regression line of a log/log plot of measured IgE concentrations was significantly lower than 1 in birch, cat and wasp; the y-intersect was significantly lower than 0 in all analysed allergens.Conclusion These results suggest that the ELItest system for the measurement of specific IgE is not quite as reproducible and sensitive as the CAP system but slightly more specific, and that higher concentrations of specific IgE are measured lower in the ELItest. One potential reason might be that the amount of allergen bound to a paper ring might be smaller than that bound to a cellulose polymer, but further experiments are necessary to prove this hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00544.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predominance of the major allergen (Alt a I) in Alternaria sensitized patients (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 23 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thirty-nine patients sensitized to Alternaria were evaluated using titrated skin-prick test (SPT), histamine release studies (HR), inhibition of RAST and immunoblotting studies. To determine the relevance of the major allergen, Alt a I, specific rabbit antibodies against Alt a I and Alt a B were used. The antibodies were preincubated at different concentrations: (i) with the Alternaria allergen dose required for maximum response in the HR assay (10 BU/ml) and (ii) with the Alternaria antigen coupled to RAST paper discs (1000 BU/disc). Dose dependent inhibition of histamine release (n= 30, x̄= 80%± 4%, IC30 = 0.69 μg/ml) and of RAST (n= 7, IC30 = 4.4 μg/ml) was found in all patients sensitized to Alternaria as indicated by allergen induced HR. The greater the response to Alternaria in HR, the higher the antibody concentrations necessary for inhibition (P〈0.05). Immunoblot experiments (n=25) using SDS-PAGE showed in all cases IgE- and IgG binding at approximately 28 kD, which is the size reported for the major allergen. All a I. In two cases, slight IgE binding at 45 and 66 kD was also found, while in two other patients, only IgE binding at 66 kD was seen. Our findings emphasize the major importance of Alt a I in patients sensitized to Alternaria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00884.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of bβ-endorphin on nasal allergic inflammation (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background πβ-endorphin is a derivative of pro-opiomelanocortin. Cells of the immune system can also synthesize and secrete β-endorphin. Its concentration is increased during the allergic reaction and during stress. Increased reactivity during psychological stress of allergic subjects is also well known.Objective Is β-endorphin one physiological link between stress and an exacerbation of the allergic reaction?Methods First, intranasal β-endorphin challenges with subsequent lavages to determine histamine and albumin levels and measurements of nasal flow and resistance in dose-response and time course experiments were performed. Secondly, we examined whether β-endorphin pre-treatment increased the antigen-induced release of histamine and albumin in nasal lavages and the clinical symptoms.Results Exogenous β-endorphin (100 pM−10 µM/mL) induced a dose-dependent increase in nasal symptoms in asymptomatic allergic subjects with rhinitis (n = 14) as well as in non-allergic controls (n = 10), but did not release any mediators into nasal secretion. However, comparing the antigen-evoked release of mediators into nasal secretions with that of a β-endorphin pre-treated antigen challenge we could note a significant enhancement of human serum albumin influx (P 〈 0.05) and histamine liberation (P 〈 0.05) 10 min after antigen challenge compared with the allergen challenge alone, with also a correlation with the more pronounced decrease in nasal flow (P 〈 0.05).Conclusion These results suggest that β-endorphin-induced increase in nasal congestion is mediated through direct neuroendocrine receptor activation independent of mast cell activation and that during the allergic reaction there is a β-endorphin/mast cell interaction that enhances the mediator response to nasal allergen challenge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01284.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of inhalative corticosteroids on circulating Nerve Growth Factor, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Neurotrophin-3 in allergic asthmatics (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The neurotrophins Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Neurotrophin (NT)-3 are produced, stored and released by various immunological cells. The influence of NTs upon the function of these cells is described. Elevated plasma levels were found in inflammatory, autoimmune and allergic diseases with the highest levels in allergic asthma. A connection between bronchial hyper-responsiveness and serum levels has been reported.Objective Little is known about the influence of treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on serum NT levels and their influence on the asthmatic state.Methods Eighty-seven volunteers were studied. Thirty-eight were stable allergic asthmatics with constant ICS doses, 29 were asthmatics not receiving anti-asthmatic treatment and 20 were age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Demographic and lung function data were evaluated. NT serum levels were determined by ELISA.Results NGF and BDNF levels were significantly increased in untreated asthmatics compared to the control and the treated group, while NT-3 demonstrated significantly higher levels in treated asthmatics compared to healthy controls. After stabilization of untreated subjects with ICS, the NT levels decreased significantly.Conclusions These results suggest that NTs participate in allergic inflammation and asthma. Effective treatment leads to a decrease of circulating neurotrophic factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01249.x
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