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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (4)
  • Dispersal rate  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 14 (1992), S. 260-266 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Earthworm activity ; Geostatistics ; Dispersal rate ; Spatial variability ; Land reclamation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We studied the earthworm distribution in a permanent polder grassland by making two detailed surveys in 1983 and in 1990. Geostatistical procedures were used to investigate the changes in species composition and to determine the dispersal rate. Attention was focused on two soil survey variables closely related to earth-worm distribution, the thickness of the Ah horizon and the number of burrows. The dispersal rate between the two survey dates was 13 m year−1 compared with 10 m year−1 before 1983. The difference was attributed either to the development of new population centres due to dispersal by cow's feet or tractor wheels, this altering the spatial dynamics, or to a lag phase in population development in the years following inoculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The manner in which a series of silcarboranylene-siloxane polymers behave in air at elevated temperatures was investigated by thermogravimetric, isothermogravimetric, and differential thermal analyses techniques. Results indicate that methyl pendant groups on the polymers undergo thermal and oxidative degradations at temperatures under 600°C. Final weight losses of the polymers, however, are significantly lower than that shown by dimethylsiloxanes. The reduced volatility is attributed to the inhibition of thermooxidation by the m-carboranylene group in the polymer molecules. This protective influence decreases apparently as the distance between the carborane nucleus and the methyl groups increases.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Unter Verwendung von O-Trimethylsilylcellulose als reaktivem Zwischenprodukt wurde die homogene Sulfatierung von Cellulose mit SO3 bzw. CISO3H untersucht. Sulfatierungsgrad (DSs) und Substituentenverteilung im Anhydroglucosering ließen sich im DSs-Bereich zwischen 0,2 und 2,5 über den DS an Silylethergruppen einerseits, die Art und Einsatzmenge des Sulfatierungsmittels andererseits steuern, wobei wasserlösliche, wenig abgebaute Cellulosesulfate ab DSs ≥ 0,25 erhalten werden. Die Sulfatierung erfolgte sowohl nach Isolierung und Wiederauflösung der O-Trimethylsilylcellulose, als auch, ausgehend von einer Suspension aktivierter Cellulose, durch Silylierung und nachfolgende Sulfatierung im gleichen Reaktionssystem. Offensichtlich wirkt die Silylethergruppe als reaktive Gruppe bei der nachfolgenden Sulfatierung, indem die vorher silylierten Positionen im Anhydroglucosering bevorzugt sulfatiert werden und der erreichbare DSs durch den vorher eingestellten Silylierungsgrad begrenzt wird. Bei der Homogensulfatierung von Trimethylsilylcellulosen wurde eine Reaktivitätsabstufung der Silylgruppen in den verschiedenen Positionen entsprechend C-6 〉 C-2 ≫ C-3 beobachtet.
    Notes: Sulphation of cellulose was performed in an homogeneous aprotic system with SO3 or CISO3H, resp., via O-trimethylsilyl celluloses as reactive intermediates. Na-cellulose sulphates completely soluble in water and showing small chain degradation could be obtained at DSs≥ 0.25. The DSs in the range between 0.2 and 2.5 as well as the distribution of the sulphate half-ester groups within the AGU were regulated via the DSsi at one hand, the type and amount of sulphating agent at the other. Sulphation was performed either with the isolated and redissolved trimethylsilyl cellulose in N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofurane, or starting with an activated cellulose suspension, by achieving silylation and subsequent sulphation in one system of reaction. Obviously, the silyl group acts as a reactive group in subsequent sulphation, and the sites previously silylated are preferentially sulphated in the subsequent step of reaction, and the DSs is limited by the degree of silylation (DSsi) previously obtained. The homogeneous sulphation of trimethysilyl cellulose indicates a reactivity of silyl ether groups in the order of C-6 〉 C-2 ≫ C-3.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polysiloxanes containing carboranylbutyl and methyl pendant groups were investigated, to determine their resistance to thermal decomposition when heated in air. Results indicate that the copolymers degrade through Si—C as well as Si—O bond rupture. At 300°C. thermooxidative scission of pendant groups was the predominant reaction. whereas Si—O and Si—C bond rupture occurred at 500°C. Variations in the behavior of the copolymers studied suggest that the carborane nucleus provides some inhibiting influence on their thermal decomposition. This is mainly attributed to steric hindrance effects rather than polarity factors. Chain extension with tin octoate caused a reduction of thermal stability, probably because of the addition of Sn—O bonds to the molecules.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 4 (1966), S. 2307-2319 
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This study covers the results of synthesis and investigation of thermal stabilities of several organometallosiloxanes and organometal compounds containing Group IV elements. Investigations indicate, in general, that heat resistance is related to the dissociation energies of the M—O bonds, the number of organic groups connected to the metal atom, and the structure of the molecule as a whole. More specifically, the substitution of Ge—O and Sn—O bonds for some Si—O linkages in organosiloxanes produces a reduction in heat stability. The influence of the Ge—O bond to decrease the resistance of siloxanes is less than that of the Sn—O linkage; an increase in the number of Sn—O linkages producing a corresponding decrease in heat stability of the organosiloxane. The resistances of the germoxysiloxanes to heat degradation are less than that which would be expected from indications given by the relative stabilities of more simple organometallic compounds.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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