Publication Date:
2022-05-25
Description:
Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2018. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here under a nonexclusive, irrevocable, paid-up, worldwide license granted to WHOI. It is made available for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 599 (2018): 93-106, doi:10.3354/meps12653.
Description:
For larvae of benthic marine invertebrate species, settlement from planktonic to benthic
life is a critical transition. The “desperate larva” concept describes the tendency of larvae to
accept suboptimal settlement habitats as they age. We quantified swimming behavior in
planktotrophic larvae of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, to determine whether
settlement behaviors, such as swimming downward and remaining on the bottom, increased with
age and whether these ontogenetic changes were more apparent in larvae exposed to suboptimal
conditions than to preferred conditions (settlement cue absent or present, respectively). In two
experiments, the proportion of competent larvae remaining near the bottom of experimental
flasks (indicating settlement) increased with larval age, but only in larvae that were not exposed
to the settlement cue. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that larvae encountering
suboptimal habitat become “desperate” (i.e. more likely to settle) as they age. Exploratory
behaviors, such as upward swimming, meandering, or helices, were expected to decrease with
age, especially in the absence of the settlement cue, but this pattern was detected in only one of
the five swimming metrics tested (helices in downward swimming larvae). Surprisingly, pre-competent larvae exhibited settlement behavior when exposed to the cue, raising the question of
whether a response at this stage would have positive or negative consequences. Acceptance of
suboptimal settlement habitats by aging larvae may increase the resilience of a species by
allowing populations to persist in variable environmental conditions.
Description:
Funding was provided by NSF grant OCE-0850419, NOAA Sea Grant
NA14OAR4170074, grants from WHOI Coastal Ocean Institute, discretionary WHOI funds, a
WHOI Ocean Life Fellowship to LSM, a WHOI Summer Student Fellowship to EH, and a
WHOI Postdoctoral Scholarship to KSM.
Keywords:
Settlement cue
;
Helical swimming
;
Benthic
;
Desperate larva hypothesis
Repository Name:
Woods Hole Open Access Server
Type:
Preprint
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