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  • 1
    Keywords: Decision making-Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (694 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9789811625022
    Series Statement: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing Series ; v.1391
    DDC: 327.120971
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Decision Support System -- Recommended Model of Pollution Information Based on Collaborative Filtering Algorithm -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Calculation of the Similarity of Pollution Information -- 3 Default Prediction Complement -- 4 Obtaining the Similarity Matrix Between Users -- 5 The Solution of the Model -- 6 Analysis of Model Results -- References -- Research on the Evaluation of TCM Service Level in Various Regions of China -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Sources and Methods -- 2.1 Data Sources -- 2.2 Methods -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Principal Component Analysis -- 3.2 Cluster Analysis -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Regional Disparities in TCM Service Levels -- 4.2 The Effect of Health Services is not Commensurate with the Level of Economic Development -- References -- A Method for Evaluating Health Status of Rail Transit Signaling Equipment Based on Group Decision -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Establishing Rules for an Evaluation System -- 3.1 Defining an Evaluation Organization -- 3.2 Defining the Evaluation Scope -- 3.3 Establishing the Weight Coefficient Vector -- 3.4 Establishing Alarm Rules to Monitor Equipment Faults -- 3.5 Setting Parameters for an Equipment Type -- 4 Implementation of an Evaluation System -- 4.1 Fault Monitoring Cycle -- 4.2 Health Evaluation Cycle -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Intelligent Decision Support System for Precision Medicine (IDSS 4 PM) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Foundation-Simon's Model of Decision-Making -- 3 Intelligent Decision Support Systems (IDSSs) -- 4 Precision Medicine: An Emerging Approach in Medical Decision-Making -- 5 How Technologies Are Advancing Precision Medicine? -- 5.1 Business Analytics -- 5.2 Cognitive Computing -- 6 Theory Practice and Discussion -- 7 Characteristics of IDSS 4 PM -- 8 Conclusion. , References -- A Study of Result-Oriented Performance Appraisal-Taking Huawei as an Example -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Increasing Flexibility of Bonus Package -- 2.1 Reducing Long-Term Returns and Increasing Short-Term Returns -- 2.2 Widening the Gap and Clarifying the Hierarchy -- 2.3 Awarding the Current Contribution Immediately -- 3 Abandoning the Cumbersome Human Resource Assessment -- 3.1 Assessment by Objectives -- 3.2 Avoiding Establishing KPI Indicators in Isolation for Each Department -- 4 Taking the Responsibility and Result-Oriented Method -- 4.1 Good Performance and Good Return -- 4.2 Combination of Performance Evaluation and Reverse Evaluation -- 4.3 Eliminating Pretending Hard-Working -- 5 The Conclusion -- References -- Under a Management Perspective: Analysis of the Relationship Between Trust and Behavior Decision-Making -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Measurement -- 2.1 Data Sources -- 2.2 Variable Description and Reliability Validity Test -- 3 Data Analysis and Discussion -- 3.1 The Difference of Public Trust Under Different Demographic Variables -- 3.2 The Differences in the Ways of Public Behavior Decision-Making Under Different Demographic Variables -- 3.3 The Relationship Between Trust and Behavior Decision-Making -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Research on the Regulation of Industrial Structure in the Mid-Southern Liaoning Urban Agglomeration from the Perspective of Spatial Connection -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Area and Data Sources -- 2.1 Overview of the Study Area -- 2.2 Data Sources -- 3 Research Method -- 3.1 Spatial Shift-Share Model -- 3.2 Determination and Improvement of Spatial Weight -- 4 Result Analysis -- 4.1 Analysis of the Temporal and Spatial Pattern of Urban Spatial Interaction -- 4.2 Analysis of Shift Share of Industrial Structure -- 5 Conclusions -- References. , Research on the Influence Mechanism of Family-Supportive Supervisor Behaviors on Employees' Intention to Stay from the Perspective of Dual Scenario Embeddedness -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Basis and Research Hypothesis -- 2.1 FSSB and Employees' Intention to Stay -- 2.2 The Mediating Role of Dual Scenario Embeddedness -- 2.3 The Moderating Role of Employees' Gratitude as a Trait -- 3 Study Design -- 3.1 Participants and Survey Methods -- 3.2 Variable Measurement -- 4 Research Results -- 4.1 Descriptive Statistical Analysis -- 4.2 Discrimination Validity Analysis and Common Method Test -- 4.3 Hypothesis Testing -- 5 Conclusion -- 5.1 Theoretical Contribution -- 5.2 Management Implications -- 5.3 Research Limitations and Prospects -- References -- Policy Burden, Industry Competition, and Corporate Risk-Taking -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Analysis and Research Hypothesis -- 2.1 Policy Burden and Corporate Risk-Taking -- 2.2 The Regulating Effect of Industry Competition -- 3 Research Design -- 3.1 Sample Selection and Data Sources -- 3.2 Variable Selection and Model Design -- 4 Empirical Results -- 4.1 Descriptive Statistics -- 4.2 Analysis of Regression Results -- 5 Endogenous Control and Robustness Test -- 5.1 Endogenous Problems -- 5.2 Robustness Analysis -- 6 Research Conclusions -- References -- Blended Teaching Mode of Tourism English Based on TPACK -- 1 Introduction -- 2 TPACK Theory -- 3 ESP and Tourism English -- 4 Research Design -- 4.1 Design Concept -- 4.2 Problem Design -- 4.3 Subjects and Teaching Contents -- 4.4 Research Steps -- 5 Experimental Conclusion -- References -- Technology and Innovation Management -- Research on Privacy Protection of Internet of Things Search Data Based on Fine-Grained Authorization -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background Knowledge -- 2.1 Secret Search -- 2.2 Attribute-Based Encryption Scheme. , 3 System Program -- 3.1 System Architecture -- 3.2 Program Process -- 4 Safety and Performance Analysis -- 4.1 Security Analysis -- 4.2 Performance Analysis -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Design of Emergency Rescue Deduction System for Bus Fire Accident Based on Virtual Reality -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Functional Requirements of Deducing System -- 3 The Design of Deduce System Architecture -- 4 Function Design of Deducing System -- 4.1 Scene Editing Module -- 4.2 Deduce Management Module -- 4.3 Client Operation Module -- 5 Composition of the Deduction System -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Application of Game Theory in the Field of Technology Innovation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Application of Oligopoly Model in Technological Innovations -- 2.1 The Development of Cournot Model in Technological Innovations -- 2.2 Application and Development of Stackelberg in Technological Innovations -- 2.3 Application of Option Game Oligopoly Model in Technology Innovations -- 3 Research on Evolutionary Game Model in Technological Innovations -- 3.1 The Application of Evolutionary Game in Technological Innovations -- 3.2 The Development of Evolutionary Game Model in Technological Innovations -- 4 The Development Direction of Game Theory in Technological Innovations -- References -- Research on Innovation Mechanism of Corporate Volunteering in China -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Concept and Connotation of Corporate Volunteering -- 3 The Status Quo of Volunteering in Chinese Enterprises -- 3.1 The Integration of Business Objectives Is Important for the Business Development Plan -- 3.2 Win the Sense of Belonging of Employees and the Identity of External Customers -- 3.3 Corporate Public Services Take from Society and Use for Society -- 3.4 Volunteering of Different Enterprises Vary Greatly -- 3.5 Long-Term Development of Volunteering Projects. , 3.6 Undertaking Government Public Service -- 4 Problems in the Development of Enterprise Volunteering in China -- 4.1 Insufficient Government Guidance -- 4.2 Information Guidance is not Strong -- 4.3 Lack of Corporate Volunteering Standards -- 4.4 Imbalance Between Long-Term and Short-Term Benefits -- 5 Development Trend of Corporate Volunteering -- 5.1 Internetization of Corporate Volunteering -- 5.2 Normalization of Corporate Volunteering -- 5.3 Diversification of Corporate Volunteering -- 5.4 Establish Self-organization of Corporate Volunteers -- 5.5 Corporate Volunteering Are Becoming More Standardized and Strict -- 6 Innovation of Corporate Volunteering Mechanism -- 6.1 Building Communication Network and Innovating Corporate Volunteering Mechanism -- 6.2 Taxation Policy -- 6.3 Expense Subsidies -- 6.4 Performance Evaluation -- 6.5 Establish a Sound Education and Training Mechanism -- 6.6 Establish a Sound Guarantee Mechanism to Protect the Volunteering of Enterprises -- References -- Research on the Differential Incentive Effect of Patent Pool on Specific Technology Learning -- 1 Research Background -- 2 Theoretical Analysis and Research Hypothesis -- 2.1 The Impact of Patent Pool Formation on Specific Technology Learning -- 3 Research Design -- 3.1 Data and Samples -- 3.2 Variables and Their Measurement -- 4 Empirical Results and Analysis -- 4.1 Descriptive Statistical Analysis -- 4.2 Hypothesis Testing -- 5 Conclusion and Inspiration -- 5.1 Research Conclusion -- 5.2 Management Suggestions -- References -- Research on Present Situation and the Countermeasure Analysis of Football Training in University -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Present Situation of Campus Football Training in China -- 3 Problems in the Development of Campus Football Activities in China -- 3.1 Students' Poor Awareness for Football Activities. , 3.2 Unreasonable Arrangement of Football Activities.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore :Springer Singapore Pte. Limited,
    Keywords: Decision making-Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (398 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9789811393303
    Series Statement: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing Series ; v.1005
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Data Science and Analytics -- Quality Index Evaluation Model Based on Index Screening Model -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Three-Parameter Interval Principal Component Analysis -- 2.1 Principal Component Analysis -- 2.2 Calculation Steps -- 2.3 M-PCA Three-Parameter Interval Principal Component Analysis -- 2.4 Calculation Steps -- 2.5 The Determination of Subjective Index Weight Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process -- 2.6 Index Evaluation -- 3 Analysis of Examples -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Selection of Software Development Methodologies (SDMs) Using Bayesian Analysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Proposed Work -- 3 Proposed Model -- 3.1 Experimental Result -- 4 Conclusion -- 5 Future Scope -- References -- Role of Social Media in Employer Branding-A Study on Selected Engineering Colleges (Private) in Bhubaneswar -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objective -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Literature Review -- 4.1 Employer Branding -- 5 Cases of Private Institute -- 5.1 Case 1: Institute of Technical Education and Research, SOA University, Bhubaneswar -- 5.2 Case 2: Centurion University of Technology and Management (CUTM), Bhubaneswar -- 5.3 Case 3: Silicon Institute of Technology -- 5.4 Case 4: Gandhi Engineering College (GEC) Bhubaneswar -- 5.5 Case 5: Hi-Tech Institute of Technology (HIT), Bhubaneswar -- 6 Conclusion of the Study -- References -- A Novel Approach for Artifact Removal from Brain Signal -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of Proposed Method -- 2.1 Kurtosis -- 2.2 Multiscale Entropy (MSE) -- 2.3 Artifact Channel Identification -- 2.4 Artifact Denoising -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- A Novel Approach to Heterogeneous Multi-class SVM Classification -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Classification Problem -- 4 Proposed Novel Approach for Heterogeneous Data. , 5 Experimental Results -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- An Empirical Study of Big Data: Opportunities, Challenges and Technologies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Importance of Big Data -- 2.1 Importance to National Development -- 2.2 Importance to Industrialized Upgrades -- 2.3 Importance to Technical Research -- 2.4 Importance to Interdisciplinary Research -- 2.5 Importance to Better Predict the Future -- 3 Big Data Characteristics -- 3.1 Volume -- 3.2 Velocity -- 3.3 Variety -- 3.4 Veracity -- 3.5 Validity -- 3.6 Volatility -- 3.7 Value -- 4 Hadoop: Way to Process Big Data -- 4.1 Hadoop Distributed File System -- 4.2 MapReduce -- 5 Challenges of Big Data -- 5.1 Data Challenges -- 5.2 Processing Challenges -- 5.3 Management Challenges -- 6 Big Data Techniques -- 7 Big Data Hadoop-Based Tools -- 7.1 Apache Hadoop -- 7.2 Apache Mahout -- 7.3 Storm -- 7.4 S4 -- 7.5 Apache Kafka -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Forecasting World Petroleum Fuel Crisis by Nonlinear Autoregressive Network -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Sources -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Time Series Prediction Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) -- 3.2 Comparisons of General Prediction Models -- 3.3 Predictive Model Flow Control Diagram -- 3.4 Predictive Model Structure -- 4 Performance Measurement -- 5 Result and Analysis -- 6 Comparison and Discussion -- 7 Hypothesis Testing -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Stock Market Price Prediction Employing Artificial Neural Network Optimized by Gray Wolf Optimization -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Preliminaries -- 3.1 Dataset -- 3.2 Normalization -- 3.3 Artificial Neural Network -- 3.4 Gray Wolf Optimization -- 4 Proposed Approach -- 5 Experimental Setup and Simulation Result -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Analysis of Techniques for Credit Card Fraud Detection: A Data Mining Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review. , 2.1 Dataset Collection -- 2.2 Various Methodology of Fraud Detection in Credit Card -- 3 Challenges in Credit Card Fraud Detection -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Predictive Analytics for Weather Forecasting Using Back Propagation and Resilient Back Propagation Neural Networks -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Supervised Learning Algorithms -- 4 Artificial Neural Network -- 4.1 Back Propagation Algorithm -- 4.2 Resilient Back Propagation -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 5.1 Backprop and Rprop Implemented in RStudio -- 5.2 Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) and Area Under Curve (AUC) -- 5.3 ggplot -- 6 Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- Analysis of the Leadership of Undergraduate Freshmen in Military Schools from the Perspective of Space -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Methods -- 2.1 Research Tools -- 2.2 Research Procedures -- 3 The Results Analysis -- 3.1 Reliability and Validity Test -- 3.2 Overall Analysis of Leadership -- 3.3 Analysis of the Correlation Between Leadership and Per Capita Income -- 3.4 Analysis of the Correlation Between Leadership and Per Capita Income -- 4 Result Analysis -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Correlation Analysis for CSI300 Index Return and Realized Volatility -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Model Construction -- 2.1 Model Realized Estimate -- 2.2 Edge Distribution Model Construction -- 2.3 Construction of Time Change D-Vine Copula -- 3 Empirical Analysis -- 3.1 Characteristic Analysis -- 3.2 Parameter Estimation -- 3.3 Parameter Estimation for Continuous-Time Volatility and the Jump Volatility Models -- 3.4 Correlation Analysis -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Prescription Basket Analysis: Identifying Association Rule Among Drugs in Prescription of Dentist in Bhubaneswar City -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Methodology -- 3 Data Analysis and Results -- 4 Conclusion -- References. , Decision Science and Management -- Impact of Decision Science on e-Governance: A Study on Odisha Land Records System -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 e-Governance -- 1.2 Odisha Right to Public Services Act -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Brainstorming -- 2.2 Committee Meetings -- 2.3 Delphi -- 2.4 Electronic Meeting -- 2.5 Survey -- 2.6 Decision Tree and Decision Tables -- 2.7 Game Theory -- 2.8 Simulation -- 3 Decision Science for e-Governance -- 3.1 Risk Analysis -- 3.2 Decision Analysis -- 3.3 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis -- 4 Key Findings of the Paper -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- HR Value Proposition Using Predictive Analytics: An Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Analytics -- 2.1 Descriptive Analytics -- 2.2 Predictive Analytics -- 2.3 Prescriptive Analytics -- 3 Literature Review -- 3.1 HR Analytics -- 4 Findings and Discussion -- 4.1 Importance of Analytics in HR -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Originality -- 7 Declaration -- References -- Determination of Time-Dependent Quadratic Demand by Using Optimal Ordering Policy, Salvage Value Under Partial Backlogging, Time-Proportional Deterioration, Time-Varying Holding Cost -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Assumptions -- 3 Modeling -- 3.1 Notations -- 3.2 Mathematical Formulation -- 4 Numerical Examples -- 5 Sensitivity Analysis -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Inventory Control for Materials Management Functions-A Conceptual Study -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review of the Literature -- 2.1 Inventory Management -- 2.2 Material Management -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- ACO-Based Secure Routing Protocols in MANETs -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ant Colony Optimization -- 3 Security Aware ACO Routing Protocols -- 3.1 Secure Antnet Routing Algorithm for Scalable Ad Hoc Networks Using Elliptic Curve Cryptography -- 3.2 Secure Power Aware Ant Routing Algorithm -- 3.3 Swarm-Based Detection and Defence Technique. , 3.4 Detection and Prevention of Blackhole Attack in MANET Using ACO Routing -- 3.5 Autonomous Bio-inspired Public Key Management Protocol -- 3.6 ANT-Based Trustworthy Routing -- 3.7 Pair-Wise Key Agreement and Hop-by-Hop Authentication Protocol -- 4 Comparison and Analysis of Security Aware ACO Routing Protocols -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- An Approach Toward Integration of Big Data into Decision Making Process -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Challenges During Big Data Analytics for Decision Making -- 4 Integrated Framework of Big Data Analytics with Decision Making Process -- 4.1 Proposed Approach -- 5 Conclusion and Future Aspects -- References -- Big Data Analysis and Classification of Biomedical Signal Using Random Forest Algorithm -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Proposed Methodology -- 3 Preprocessing of the Signal -- 4 Feature Extraction -- 5 Random Forest -- 6 Classification Result -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- An Intelligent Framework for Analysing Terrorism Actions Using Cloud -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Motivation -- 3 Objective -- 4 Literature Review -- 5 Comparison of Models -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Research on Optimization of J Company Warehouse Storage Process -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Analysis on the Current Situation of J Company -- 2.1 Warehouse Storage Process -- 2.2 Problems with Warehouse Storage Process -- 3 Optimized Warehouse Storage Process -- 4 Petri Net Model -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- The Influence of Psychological Contract on the Willingness to Share Tacit Knowledge -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Psychological Contract -- 2.1 Knowledge Sharing -- 2.2 Hypothesis -- 3 Method -- 3.1 Measurement Tools -- 4 Result -- 5 Hypothesis Testing -- 6 Discussion -- 7 Limitations and Future Research -- References -- Research on the Role of Government Management in Chinese Public Indemnificatory Housing System. , References.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 283-299 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the optimum design of stiffened cylindrical panels with weight as the objective function and constraints on the frequencies in the presence of initial stresses, using unconstrained minimization techniques of non-linear mathematical programming problem. The interaction between the buckling constraints and the frequency constraints in the presence of initial stresses are included in the formulation. Loss of load carrying capacity due to imperfection and due to suddenly applied loads are included in the buckling analyses. Results for cylindrical shell are obtained by setting the panel angle to 360 degrees. The relationship between the weight of the cylinder and the panel (a segment of the cylinder) is examined.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 2 (1970), S. 579-595 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The feasibility of achieving a preassigned stress state by changing the stiffness of determinate and indeterminate pin connected structures is presented. A new force method with all element forces (or stresses or areas) as independent variables is developed. The possibility but futility of getting the element areas by inverting and pre-multiplying the coefficient matrix with the external load vector when areas are chosen as variables is shown. The relationship existing between the compatibility equations and the plastic strength of pin connected structures is illustrated. Possible design methods for trusses under single or multiplicity of load conditions, the design of truss geometry and the relations between fully stressed and minimum weight structures are examined and illustrated through several examples.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 6 (1973), S. 237-251 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An integrated force method is developed for the analysis of discrete structures in which all the element forces are taken as the independent variables instead of the conventional way of treating the redundants as the prime unknowns. Computationally the integrated force method is superior to the standard force method. The analogy between Beltrami-Michell formulation for continuous problems and the present formulation for discrete structures is presented. Illustrative examples for the determination of forces and displacements are presented for pin-connected and rigid-connected frame structures for various load conditions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 2205-2212 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A matrix formulation of structural analysis, known as the integrated force method (IFM) is an attempt to establish an approach in which internal forces are the unknowns. Gradients of such behaviour constraints as stress, displacement and frequency can be obtained in closed form via the IFM. Closed form reanalysis formulae can also be generated. Computational experiments reported here show that reanalysis and gradient generation can be performed efficiently by this approach.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 36 (1993), S. 931-944 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Singularity conditions that arise during structural optimization can seriously degrade the performance of the optimizer. The singularities are intrinsic to the formulation of the structural optimization problem and are not associated with the method of analysis. Certain conditions that give rise to singularities in linear elastic structures have been identified in earlier papers, along with a proposition to alleviate the consequences of their presence.1-3 These singularities were global in nature, encompassing the entire structure. Further examination revealed more complex sets of conditions in which singularities occur. Some of these singularities are local in nature, being associated with only a segment of the structure. Moreover, the likelihood that one of these local singularities may arise during an optimization procedure can be much greater than that of the global singularity identified earlier. This paper provides examples of these additional forms of singularities. It gives a framework in which these singularities can be recognized. In particular, the singularities can be identified by examination of the stress-displacement relations along with the compatibility conditions and/or the displacement-stress relations derived in the integrated force method of structural analysis. Methods for the elimination of the effects of these singularities are suggested and numerical illustrations are given.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1997), S. 635-641 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: design optimization ; air-breathing engine ; wave rotor ; multiflow turbofan engine ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The design optimization of air-breathing propulsion engine concepts has been accomplished by soft-coupling the NASA Engine Performance Program (NEPP) analyser with the NASA Lewis multidisciplinary optimization tool COMETBOARDS. Engine problems, with their associated design variables and constraints, were cast as non-linear optimization problems with thrust as the merit function. Because of the large number of mission points in the flight envelope, the diversity of constraint types, and the overall distortion of the design space, the most reliable optimization algorithm available in COMETBOARDS, when used by itself, could not produce satisfactory, feasible, optimum solutions. However, COMETBOARDS' unique features-which include a cascade strategy, variable and constraint formulations, and scaling devised especially for difficult multidisciplinary applications-successfully optimized the performance of subsonic and supersonic engine concepts. Even when started from different design points, the combined COMETBOARDS and NEPP results converged to the same global optimum solution. This reliable and robust design tool eliminates manual intervention in the design of air-breathing propulsion engines and eases the cycle analysis procedures. It is also much easier to use than other codes, which is an added benefit. This paper describes COMETBOARDS and its cascade strategy and illustrates the capabilities of the combined design tool through the optimization of a high-bypass-turbofan wave-rotor-topped subsonic engine and a mixed-flow-turbofan supersonic engine. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 41 (1998), S. 1171-1194 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: fully utilized design ; force method ; optimization techniques ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The traditional fully stressed method performs satisfactorily for stress-limited structural design. When this method is extended to include displacement limitations in addition to stress constraints, it is known as the Fully Utilized Design (FUD). Typically, the FUD produces an overdesign, which is the primary limitation of this otherwise elegant method. We have modified FUD in an attempt to alleviate the limitation. This new method, called the Modified Fully Utilized Design (MFUD) method, has been tested successfully on a number of problems that were subjected to multiple loads and had both stress and displacement constraints. The solutions obtained with MFUD compare favourably with the optimum results that can be generated by using non-linear mathematical programming techniques. The MFUD method appears to have alleviated the overdesign condition and offers the simplicity of a direct, fully stressed type of design method that is distinctly different from optimization and optimality criteria formulations. The MFUD method is being developed for practicing engineers who favour traditional design methods rather than methods based on advanced calculus and non-linear mathematical programming techniques. The Integrated Force Method (IFM) was found to be the appropriate analysis tool in the development of the MFUD method. In this paper, the MFUD method and its optimality are examined along with a number of illustrative examples. © 1998 This paper was produced under the auspices of the U.S. Government and it is therefore not subject to copyright in the U.S.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 1761-1774 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: optimization ; algorithms ; structural ; design ; comparative ; evaluation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Non-linear programming algorithms play an important role in structural design optimization. Fortunately, several algorithms with computer codes are available. At NASA Lewis Research Centre, a project was initiated to assess the performance of eight different optimizers through the development of a computer code CometBoards. This paper summarizes the conclusions of that research. CometBoards was employed to solve sets of small, medium and large structural problems, using the eight different optimizers on a Cray-YMP8E/8128 computer. The reliability and efficiency of the optimizers were determined from the performance of these problems. For small problems, the performance of most of the optimizers could be considered adequate. For large problems, however, three optimizers (two sequential quadratic programming routines, DNCONG of IMSL and SQP of IDESIGN, along with Sequential Unconstrained Minimizations Technique SUMT) outperformed others. At optimum, most optimizers captured an identical number of active displacement and frequency constraints but the number of active stress constraints differed among the optimizers. This discrepancy can be attributed to singularity conditions in the optimization and the alleviation of this discrepancy can improve the efficiency of optimizers.
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