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  • Coronary artery disease  (1)
  • Key words Heart failure – exercise training – skeletal muscle – quality of life – prognosis  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Coronary artery disease ; Myocardial infarction ; Anticardiolipin antibodies ; Coronary risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antiphospholipid antibodies — both the lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies — are closely associated with arterial and venous thrombosis. In this prospective trial the IgM- and IgG-anticardiolipin antibodies in serum were determined in acute and chronic coronary artery disease. Seventy-four unselected males (34–87 years, mean 60) were included in the study. All patients underwent coronary angiography; infectious and autoimmune diseases were exclusion criteria. Sixteen patients had coronary artery disease (group A), 34 showed coronary stenoses with prior infarction (B), and 14 had survived an acute myocardial infarction (C), whereas 10 patients revealed no significant coronary narrowing (D; controls). The major risk factors were the same for all groups. Neither the IgM- nor the IgG-anticardiolipin antibody levels showed any significant difference in the four groups. The severity of coronary artery disease did not correlate to these antibodies. Furthermore, no correlation was found between elevated anticardiolipin antibodies and thrombocyte levels. Thus, a higher anticardiolipin level does not appear to be a marker for recurrent cardiovascular events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 89 (2000), S. 227-235 
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Heart failure – exercise training – skeletal muscle – quality of life – prognosis ; Schlüsselwörter Herzinsuffizienz – Training – Skelettmuskel – Lebensqualität – Prognose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Leitsymptome bei chronischer Herzinsuffizienz sind Dyspnoe und eingeschränkte körperliche Belastbarkeit. Die pathologischen Herzveränderungen allein können die Symptomatik der Patienten nicht ausreichend erklären, vielmehr bestehen zusätzlich Veränderungen der peripheren Durchblutung, der respiratorischen Funktion, der Skelettmuskulatur und des neuroendokrinen Systems. Einschränkung der körperlichen Aktivität bis hin zur Bettruhe, bei akuter Herzinsuffizienz günstig und erforderlich, führt im chronischen Stadium zu einer weiteren Verschlechterung der Symptomatik. Im Gegensatz dazu kann körperliches Training die Belastbarkeit der Patienten mit chronischer Herzinsuffizienz deutlich verbessern, wie sich seit den 80er Jahren in zahlreichen Studien zeigen ließ. Die kardiale Funktion ändert sich dabei nur gering (es kommt aber auch nicht zu der initial befürchteten Verschlechterung), die Verbesserung tritt hauptsächlich durch die Beeinflussung der extrakardialen Veränderungen bei Herzinsuffizienz ein. Nicht zuletzt wird die Lebensqualität der Patienten signifikant besser. Ob die Prognose hinsichtlich Mortalität günstig beeinflusst werden kann, ist derzeit noch unklar, wenngleich eine rezente Arbeit erste Hinweise darauf gibt. Schon zu diesem Zeitpunkt zeigt sich, dass körperliches Training für ausgewählte Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz empfohlen werden kann, eine ausreichende Supervision muss allerdings gewährleistet sein.
    Notes: Summary The main symptoms of chronic heart failure are dyspnoe and exercise intolerance. The pathophysiological basis of these symptoms is not simply the dysfunction of the heart, but a complex interaction of the central circulation, the peripheral vessels, the skeletal muscles, the ventilatory, and the endocrine system. In contrast to acute heart failure, where bedrest is known to be beneficial, prolonged limitation of physical activity can be detrimental in the chronic stage of the disease. Therefore, since the 1980s there have been several reports about heart failure patients participating in exercise programs. The results were encouraging: the physiological gains were impressive, and contrary to prior fears, in the great majority of reports no deterioration of the cardiac function could be observed. The net result of training in this condition is an improvement in exercise capacity in the range of the best pharmacological treatment. In detail, blood flow into the working muscle is increased, the ventilation for each given workload is reduced, the skeletal muscle overall function (including biochemical and histological aspects) is improved, the increased neurohormonal activity – especially of the sympathicoadrenergic system – will be normalized, and the patient‘s quality of life is significantly improved. Whether all of these beneficial aspects will result in improved survival is not yet proven, although one recent study provides some evidence in this direction. But even if today no definite answer to this question from a large, multicenter trial is available, application of exercise training for selected heart failure patients can be recommended, if adequate supervision is provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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