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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New York, NY :Springer,
    Keywords: Biological systems. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (117 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781441988614
    Series Statement: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Series ; v.547
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- About the Northwest Symposium for Systems Biology -- COMPLEX MICROBIAL SYSTEMS -- 2. HIGH-THROUGHPUT TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYZING COMPLEX BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES -- ABSTRACT -- 2.1. THE TALK -- 2.2. ENVIRONMENT-BASED RESEARCH: A HOLISTIC APPROACH -- 2.3. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS-DNA MICROARRAY TECHNOLOGY -- 2.4. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 2.5. REFERENCES -- COMPUTATIONAL METHODS -- 3. A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO DISCOVERING SIGNALING AND REGULATORY PATHWAYS -- -or, how to digest large interaction networks into relevant pieces -- ABSTRACT -- 3.1. INTRODUCTION -- 3.2. INTEGRATING INTERACTIONS AND MOLECULAR STATES -- 4. GENOME FUNCTION-A VIRUS-WORLD VIEW -- ABSTRACT -- 4.1. INTRODUCTION -- 4.2. THE T7 DEVELOPMENT PROCESS -- 4.3. FROM EQUATIONS TO INTEGRATED DYNAMICS -- 4.4. INFERENCE TOOLS -- 4.5. NATURE VERSUS NURTURE -- 4.6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 4.7. REFERENCES -- MOLECULAR MACHINES: MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES -- 5. UBIQUITIN-MEDIATED PROTEOLYSIS: AN IDEALPATHWAY FOR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY ANALYSIS -- ABSTRACT -- 5.1. INTRODUCTION -- 5.2. THE 20S PROTEASOME -- 5.3. THE 26S PROTEASOME -- 5.4. PROTEASOME ACTIVATORS -- 5.5. REGS -- 5.6. PA200 -- 5.7. ecm29 OR golgiPA -- 5.8. SUMMARY -- 5.9. REFERENCES -- 6. CONFORMATIONAL SWITCHING IN MUSCLE -- ABSTRACT -- 6.1. INTRODUCTION -- 6.2. SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES IN MUSCLE CONTRACTION -- 6.3. STRUCTURE OF THE INHIBITORY REGION OF TROPONIN -- 6.4. ORIENTATION AND DYNAMICS OF THE MYOSIN HEAD -- 6.5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 6.6. REFERENCES -- GENE REGULATORY NETWORKS -- 7. THE INTRICATE WORKINGS OF A BACTERIAL EPIGENETIC SWITCH -- ABSTRACT -- 7.1. INTRODUCTION -- 7.2. MODEL -- 7.2.1. Data Supporting the Core Switch Model -- 7.3. BEYOND THE CORE SWITCH: ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON PAP PHASE VARIATION -- 7.4. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 7.5. REFERENCES. , 8. YEAST SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION: REGULATION AND INTERFACE WITH CELL BIOLOGY -- ABSTRACT -- 8.1. INTRODUCTION -- 8.2. SIGNALING SPECIFICITY -- 8.3. STE20 INTERFACE WITH CELL BIOLOGY -- 8.4. SUMMARY -- 8.5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 8.6. REFERENCES -- INDEX.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Collingwood :CSIRO Publishing,
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: A comprehensive and practical guide to Queensland's threatened animals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (873 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780643104563
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Dedication -- Title -- Copyright -- Foreword -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- About the editors -- Introduction -- Why this book? Lee K Curtis -- Introduction to threatened species Andrew J Dennis and Keith R McDonald -- What is a threatened species? -- Listing species as threatened - the process and reasons -- Why the species in this book were chosen -- Level of risk and knowledge of risk - a dynamic process -- Coming off the list -- An evolving process -- List of threat categories -- A history of threatened species recovery and management in Queensland Milena K Kim -- Extinct in Queensland Andrew J Dennis and Keith R McDonald -- Threatened animals and regional ecosystems Ian Fox and Nick Cuff -- How to use this book Lee K Curtis -- Species Profiles -- INVERTEBRATES -- Insecta -- Dragonflies (Odonata) -- Acanthaeschna victoria, Thylacine Darner -- Petalura pulcherrima, Beautiful Petaltail -- Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera) -- Acrodipsas illidgei, Mangrove Ant-blue Butterfly -- Argynnis hyperbius inconstans, Laced Fritillary Butterfly -- Hypochrysops apollo apollo, Apollo Jewel Butterfly -- Hypochrysops piceata, Bulloak Jewel Butterfly -- Jalmenus eubulus, Pale Imperial Hairstreak Butterfly -- Ornithoptera richmondia, Richmond Birdwing Butterfly -- Phyllodes imperialis, Southern Pink Underwing Moth -- Crustacea -- Crayfish and Crabs (Decapods) -- Euastacus spp., Spiny Crayfish (14) -- Austrothelphusa tigrina, Freshwater Tiger Crab -- Austrothelphusa valentula, McIlwraith Freshwater Crab -- Gastropoda -- Air-breathing Snails (Eupulmonata) -- Adclarkia dawsonensis, Boggomoss Snail -- VERTEBRATES -- Cartilaginous Fishes -- Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) -- Dogfish Sharks (Squaliformes) -- Squalus montalbani, Philippine Spurdog -- Centrophorus harrissoni, Harrisson's Dogfish -- Centrophorus moluccensis, Endeavour Dogfish. , Angelsharks (Squatiniformes) -- Squatina albipunctata, Eastern Angelshark -- Carpet Sharks (Orectolobiformes) -- Brachaelurus colcloughi, Colclough's Shark -- Rhincodon typus, Whale Shark -- Mackerel Sharks (Lamniformes) -- Carcharias taurus, Grey Nurse Shark (east coast population) -- Alopias superciliosus, Bigeye Thresher -- Carcharodon carcharias, Great White Shark -- Isurus paucus, Longfin Mako -- Lamna nasus, Porbeagle -- Ground Sharks (Carcharhiniformes) -- Carcharhinus longimanus, Oceanic Whitetip Shark -- Glyphis glyphis, Speartooth Shark -- Sphyrna zygaena, Smooth Hammerhead -- Batoids (Rajiformes) -- Anoxypristis cuspidata, Narrow Sawfish -- Pristis clavata, Dwarf Sawfish -- Pristis microdon, Freshwater Sawfish -- Pristis zijsron, Green Sawfish -- Dipturus australis, Sydney Skate -- Urolophus bucculentus, Sandyback Stingaree -- Urolophus sufflavus, Yellowback Stingaree -- Urolophus viridis, Greenback Stingaree -- Dasyatis fluviorum, Estuary Stingray -- Himantura uarnak, Reticulate Whipray -- Urogymnus asperrimus, Porcupine Ray -- Aetomylaeus nichofii, Banded Eagle Ray -- Aetomylaeus vespertilio, Ornate Eagle Ray -- Myliobatis hamlyni, Purple Eagle Ray -- Rhinoptera javanica, Javanese Cownose Ray -- Bony Fishes (Osteichthyes) -- Australian Lungfishes (Ceratodontiformes) -- Neoceratodus forsteri, Australian Lungfish -- Silversides (Atheriniformes) -- Melanotaenia eachamensis, Lake Eacham Rainbowfish -- Pseudomugil mellis, Honey Blue-eye -- Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis, Red-finned Blue-eye -- Perch-like Fishes (Perciformes) -- Maccullochella ikei, Eastern Freshwater Cod -- Maccullochella peelii mariensis, Mary River Cod -- Maccullochella peelii peelii, Murray Cod -- Nannoperca oxleyana, Oxleyan Pygmy Perch -- Cheilinus undulatus, Humphead Maori Wrasse -- Chlamydogobius micropterus, Elizabeth Springs Goby. , Chlamydogobius squamigenus, Edgbaston Goby -- Amphibians (Amphibia) -- Frogs (Anura) -- Adelotus brevis, Tusked Frog -- Cophixalus concinnus, Beautiful Nurseryfrog -- Cophixalus crepitans, Northern Nurseryfrog -- Cophixalus exiguus, Dainty Nurseryfrog -- Cophixalus hosmeri, Rattling Nurseryfrog -- Cophixalus mcdonaldi, Mount Elliot Nurseryfrog -- Cophixalus monticola, Mountain-top Nurseryfrog -- Cophixalus neglectus, Bellenden Ker Nurseryfrog -- Cophixalus peninsularis, Cape York Nurseryfrog -- Cophixalus saxatilis, Black Mountain Boulderfrog -- Cophixalus zweifeli, Melville Range Boulderfrog -- Crinia tinnula, Wallum Froglet -- Litoria andiirrmalin, Melville Range Treefrog -- Litoria cooloolensis, Cooloola Sedgefrog -- Litoria freycineti, Wallum Rocketfrog -- Litoria lorica, Armoured Mistfrog -- Litoria myola, Kuranda Treefrog -- Litoria nannotis, Waterfall Frog -- Litoria olongburensis, Wallum Sedgefrog -- Litoria pearsoniana, Cascade Treefrog (Kroombit Tops population) -- Litoria pearsoniana, Cascade Treefrog -- Litoria rheocola, Common Mistfrog -- Litoria subglandulosa, New England Treefrog -- Mixophyes fleayi, Fleay's Barred Frog -- Mixophyes iteratus, Giant Barred Frog -- Nyctimystes dayi, Australian Lacelid -- Pseudophryne covacevichae, Magnificent Broodfrog -- Taudactylus eungellensis, Eungella Dayfrog -- Taudactylus pleione, Kroombit Tinkerfrog -- Taudactylus rheophilus, Northern Tinkerfrog -- Reptiles (Reptilia) -- Crocodiles (Crocodilia) -- Crocodylus porosus, Estuarine Crocodile -- Turtles (Testudines) -- Sea Turtles (Chelononiodea) -- Caretta caretta, Loggerhead Turtle -- Chelonia mydas, Green Turtle -- Dermochelys coriacea, Leatherback Turtle -- Eretmochelys imbricata, Hawksbill Turtle -- Lepidochelys olivacea, Olive Ridley Turtle -- Natator depressus, Flatback Turtle -- Freshwater Turtles (Chelidae). , Elseya lavarackorum, Gulf Snapping Turtle -- Elusor macrurus, Mary River Turtle -- Myuchelys bellii, Western Sawshelled Turtle -- Rheodytes leukops, Fitzroy River Turtle -- Snakes and Lizards (Squamata) -- Geckos (Gekkonidae) -- Nactus galgajuga, Black Mountain Gecko -- Orraya occultus, McIlwraith Range Leaf-tailed Gecko -- Phyllurus caudiannulatus, Bulburin Leaf-tailed Gecko -- Phyllurus gulbaru, Gulbaru Gecko -- Phyllurus isis, Mount Blackwood Leaf-tailed Gecko -- Phyllurus kabikabi, Oakview Leaf-tailed Gecko -- Uvidicolus sphyrurus, Border Thick-tailed Gecko -- Delmas (Pygopodidae) -- Delma labialis, Striped-tailed Delma -- Delma mitella, Atherton Delma -- Delma torquata, Collared Delma -- Paradelma orientalis, Brigalow Scaly-foot -- Skinks (Scincidae) -- Anomalopus mackayi, Long-legged Worm-skink -- Egernia rugosa, Yakka Skink -- Eulamprus frerei, Bartle Frere Barsided Skink -- Eulamprus luteilateralis, Orange-sided Skink -- Lerista allanae, Retro Slider -- Lerista ameles, Legless Slider -- Lerista vittata, Mount Cooper Striped Skink -- Liburnascincus scirtetis, Black Mountain Skink -- Menetia sadlieri, Magnetic Island Skink -- Nangura spinosa, Nangur Spiny Skink -- Techmarscincus jigurru, Bartle Frere Skink -- Snakes (Elapidae) -- Denisonia maculata, Ornamental Snake -- Furina dunmalli, Dunmall's Snake -- Hemiaspis damelii, Grey Snake -- Birds (Aves) -- Cassowaries and Emus (Casuariiformes) -- Casuarius casuarius johnsonii, Southern Cassowary -- Tropicbirds (Phaethontiformes) -- Phaethon rubricauda, Red-tailed Tropicbird -- Pigeons and doves (Columbiformes) -- Geophaps scripta scripta, Squatter Pigeon (southern subspecies) -- Frogmouths and Nightjars (Caprimulgiformes) -- Podargus ocellatus plumiferus, Marbled Frogmouth (southern subspecies) -- Tube-nosed Seabirds (Procellariiformes) -- Diomedea, Phoebetria and Thalassarche spp., Albatrosses. , Macronectes giganteus, Southern Giant-Petrel -- Macronectes halli, Northern Giant-Petrel -- Pterodroma neglecta neglecta, Kermadec Petrel (western subspecies) -- Pterodroma heraldica, Herald Petrel -- Hawks, Eagles and Allies (Accipitriformes) -- Erythrotriorchis radiatus, Red Goshawk -- Shorebirds, Gulls, Button-quails and Allies (Charadriiformes) -- Esacus magnirostris, Beach Stone-curlew -- Pedionomus torquatus, Plains-wanderer -- Rostratula australis, Australian Painted Snipe -- Turnix melanogaster, Black-breasted Button-quail -- Turnix olivii, Buff-breasted Button-quail -- Sternula albifrons sinensis, Little Tern (western Pacific subspecies) -- Parrots and Cockatoos (Psittaciformes) -- Calyptorhynchus lathami, Glossy Black-Cockatoo -- Lophocroa leadbeateri, Major Mitchell's Cockatoo -- Cyclopsitta diophthalma coxeni, Coxen's Fig-Parrot -- Cyclopsitta diophthalma macleayana, Macleay's Fig-Parrot -- Eclectus roratus macgillivrayi, Eclectus Parrot (Cape York Peninsula subspecies) -- Polytelis swainsonii, Superb Parrot -- Lathamus discolor, Swift Parrot -- Psephotus chrysopterygius, Golden-shouldered Parrot -- Pezoporus wallicus, Ground Parrot -- Pezoporus occidentalis, Night Parrot -- Owls (Strigiformes) -- Ninox strenua, Powerful Owl -- Ninox rufa queenslandica, Rufous Owl (eastern subspecies) -- Tyto novaehollandiae kimberli, Masked Owl (northern subspecies) -- Perching Birds or Songbirds (Passeriformes) -- Atrichornis rufescens rufescens, Rufous Scrub-bird (northern subspecies) -- Malurus coronatus, Purple-crowned Fairy-wren -- Amytornis barbatus barbatus, Grey Grasswren (Bulloo subspecies) -- Dasyornis brachypterus monoides, Eastern Bristlebird (northern subspecies) -- Anthochaera phrygia, Regent Honeyeater -- Epthianura crocea crocea, Yellow Chat (Gulf subspecies) -- Epthianura crocea macgregori, Yellow Chat (Capricorn subspecies). , Grantiella picta, Painted Honeyeater.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Milton :Taylor & Francis Group,
    Keywords: Interfaces (Physical sciences)-Congresses. ; Polymers-Surfaces-Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Polymeric materials are used for a legion of applications in a wide array of technological areas, and their proper surface/interface characteristics are of cardinal importance for their applications. Therefore, the need to characterize polymer surfaces/interfaces and their suitable modification to impart desired characteristics is quite patent.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (435 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781466563704
    DDC: 530.417
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Part 1: Polymer Surface Modification and Characterization -- New Approaches for Polymer Surface Modification -- A Unique Photochemical Approach for Polymer Surface Modification -- Photochemical Modification and Etching of PTFE With Excimer VUV/UV Radiation -- Durability of Laser Treated Reinforced PEEK/Epoxy Bonded Joints -- Modification of Contact Lens Surfaces: Chemistry and Characterization -- Tenaciously Bound Hydrophilic Coatings on Polymer Surfaces -- Surface Analysis of Polyester Film Modified by Flame and Corona Surface Treatments -- A Novel Surface Acoustic Wave Microsensor Technique for Polymer Surface Characterization -- Surface Analysis of Polybutadiene-Grafted Lignin Material -- Measurements of Thermodynamic Quantities by Means of Solid/water/vapour and Solid/Water/Hexadecane Systems -- Part 2: Metal/Polymer Interfaces -- TiW Adhesion to PMDA-ODA Polyimide. Surface and Interface Chemistry -- The Effect of NaOH on Metal/Polyimide Adhesion -- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of the Reactions Between Metals (Cr, Ti, Al) and Polymers (Triazine and Polyimide) -- Bonding at Metal/Self-Assembled Organic Monolayer Interfaces -- Part 3: Polymer Alignment Layers for Liquid Crystals -- Modified Cyanoacrylate Films for High Tilt Angle Alignment of Liquid Crystals -- Effect of Conductive Polymer Alignment Layers on the Orientational Response of a Liquid Crystal -- Alignment of Liquid Crystal Molecules on UV-Irradiated Poly(Vinyl Cinnamate) Films -- Liquid Crystal Surface Alignment on Treated and Untreated Polymer Surfaces for LCD Applications -- Characteristics of Polyimide Alignment Layers With Different Surface Treatments. , Microscopic Molecular Re-Orientation of Polymer Surfaces Induced by Rubbing and Factors Determining LC Pretilt Angles -- Part 4: General Papers -- Plasma-Polymerized Organic Coatings Deposited on Metals From a DC Plasma. Characterization and Corrosion Performance of Such Surface Modifications -- Reaction Monitoring in the Epoxy/Fiber Interphase Using Evanescent Wave Fluorimetry - Instrumentation and Methods -- Evaluation of Epoxy Underfill Materials for Use in the 'Chip-on-Board' Method of Packaging Silicon Integrated Circuits -- The Effects of Polymer Molecular Weight and Temperature on Case II Transport in the Poly (Methyl Methacrylate)/Methanol System -- Polymer Interactions and The Influence of Molecular Structure on Polymer Miscibility -- Engineering Cell Shape and Function Through Control of Substrate Adhesion.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London :Palgrave Macmillan UK,
    Keywords: Social work. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (237 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780230353251
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Part I Philosophy and Science -- 1 Philosophical Foundations -- Science and philosophy -- Modern philosophy -- Conclusion -- 2 Modern Philosophy, Modern Science and Its Methodology -- Galileo, objectivity and mathematization of nature -- The search for universal laws and the unity of method -- Unity of science and reductionism -- Conclusion -- 3 Category Volte-face: Organisms for Machines -- What is mechanism? -- Ontological or category volte-face -- The category volte-face and the ideological goal of the new science -- Heidegger and science as theoretical technology -- Conclusion -- 4 Machines and Reductionism -- Engineering and reverse engineering -- Engineering, parts/wholes and reductionism -- Conclusion -- 5 Organism a Machine -- The first agricultural revolution -- The first scientific agricultural revolution: classical Mendelian genetics and its technology -- The second scientific agricultural revolution: molecular genetics and its technology -- Theoretical biology and philosophy -- Conclusion -- Part II Philosophy and Medicine -- 6 Human Organism is Machine: MEDICINE -- MEDICINE as ENGINEERING, Medicine as engineering -- Medicine and human-is-machine -- Conclusion -- 7 Biomedicine: Some Sciences -- Biomedicine -- Biomedicine: cleavage between its sciences and its therapies in the long early stage -- Biomedicine: some sciences -- Conclusion -- 8 Biomedicine: Some Technologies -- "Deeper" theories, "deeper" technologies and increasing degrees of control -- Surgery -- Pharmacology -- Conclusion -- Part III Causality and Disease -- 9 Nosology: The Monogenic Conception of Disease -- What is nosology? -- Prestigious status of infectious causal agents -- Monogenic conception of disease -- Postulate 1 and the monogenic conception of disease -- Conclusion. , 10 Linear Causality and the Monogenic Conception of Disease -- Humean roots -- Some anomalies -- "The cause" in different contexts -- Conclusion -- 11 Determining "the Cause": Controllability and Random Controlled Trials -- Controllability/eliminability -- Random Controlled Trial (RCT) -- Conclusion -- 12 Epidemiology: "Cinderella" Status? What kind of science is it really? -- Is it revolutionary or sub-standard science? -- Causation: multi-factorial -- Non-linear causation and post-postmodern ecosystemic science -- Epidemiology and controllability -- Conclusion -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References and Selected Bibliography -- Index.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London :Palgrave Macmillan UK,
    Keywords: Zoos -- Philosophy. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (183 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780230503809
    DDC: 590.73
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Zoos -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1 What does the public find in zoos? -- 2 Animals in the wild -- 3 'Wild animals in captivity': Is this an oxymoron? -- 4 Decontextualised and recontextualised -- 5 Lifestyle dislocation and relocation -- 6 Suspension of natural evolution -- 7 Domestication and immuration -- 8 Biotic artefacts -- 9 Justifications deemed serious -- 10 Justification deemed frivolous -- 11 Philosophy and policy -- Conclusion -- Appendix: Environmental Enrichment or Enrichment -- Notes -- References and Select Bibliography -- Index.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Compositae ; Elephantopus tomentosus ; cytotoxic activity ; germacranolides ; sesquiterpene lactones ; tomenphantopin-A ; tomenphantopin-B.
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: 11β,13-dihydrodeoxyelephantopin. ; Compositae ; Elephantopus carolinianus ; cytotoxic and antitumor activity ; deoxyelephantopin ; germacranolides ; isodeoxyelephantopin ; sesquiterpene lactones
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Compositae ; Eupatorium formosanum ; antitumor sesquiterpene lactone ; eupaformosanin ; stereochemistry.
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Radiosurgery ; Gamma Knife ; radiation necrosis ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Radiation-induced changes in the parietal cortex of Wistar rats were observed at various time points after gamma surgery. Maximum dosages of 50, 75, and 120 Gy were given at the iso-center of the radiation using a 4-mm collimator. Conventional histochemical and immunocytochemical analyses, and computer-assisted videomicroscopy were utilized to examine perfusion-fixed brain tissue. Irradiation at a dosage of 50 Gy elicited morphological changes of astrocytes in the parietal cortex at 3 months. Vasodilatation became obvious at 12 months; fibrin deposition was observed in the dilated capillary wall. Neither leakage of Evans Blue from the vasculature into the tissue nor necrosis was observed across the 12 month observation period. Irradiation at a dosage of 75 Gy resulted in morphological changes of astrocytes within 1 month. Dilatation of vessels and capillary thickening were observed at 3 months. Evans Blue leakage and necrosis were observed at 4 months after 75 Gy irradiation. At this time, the walls of arterioles became thickened by subintimal accumulation of fibrin and hyaline substance; this sometimes resulted in occlusion of the lumen. Significant hemispheric swelling was observed at 4 months. Irradiation at a dosage of 120 Gy elicited changes in astrocytic morphology within 3 days. Evans Blue leakage into the tissue was observed by 3 weeks. Vasodilatation became marked at this time point and rarefaction was observed in the irradiated cortex. Necrosis was observed at 4 weeks, however, no significant swelling was observed. Taken together, these findings demonstrate time-dependent and dosage-dependent changes in normal cerebral tissue after Gamma Knife irradiation. These results provide a basis for gauging the impact of gamma surgery in regions of eloquent tissue. An enhanced understanding of the cellular responses to radiosurgery will contribute to developing and evaluating future applications for gamma surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: MRI ; rat, brain ; stereotactic atlas ; Gamma Knife
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A stereotactic device (SDM) was developed for performing consistent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the rat brain. The SDM was developed by adapting a radiofrequency transmit/receive head coil of 4.4 cm inner diameter (quadrature birdcage head coil), and utilizing partial acrylic construction for the positioning elements. The small head coil provides improved resolution and accuracy of the image, while the stereotactic holder permits repeatable and accurate imaging of identified brain structures. This system provides several advantages over existing experimental MRI devices. The SDM ensures that the head is always placed in the center of the coil in a uniform fashion. Standardized positioning of the skull optimizes image quality and provides a consistent orientation of the brain. In addition, a widely-utilized coordinate system described by Paxinos and Watson can be employed to assist in the identification of structures and to facilitate surgical planning. The SDM is compatible with a recently-developed stereotactic device for radiosurgery with the Gamma Knife, thus permitting the planning and performance of experimental radiosurgery using the same coordinate system. The SDM also provides the ability to perform MRI and radiosurgery at different times, thus avoiding the need for prolonged anesthesia during an experimental study. Finally, the SDM allows repeated MRI of the same, identifiable positions in the brain during longitudinal experimental studies. The utility of this device is demonstrated here by examining the time course of cerebral damage that evolved within a radiosurgical focus after gamma irradiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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