Note: Intro -- Climate Change, Justice and Sustainability -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Acronyms -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- References -- Part I: Climate Impacts and Vulnerability -- Chapter 2: Vulnerability to Climate Change and Poverty -- 2.1 Why Do We Talk About Vulnerability? -- 2.2 Poverty and Vulnerability -- 2.3 (Why) Are the Poor Particularly Vulnerable to Climate Change? -- References -- Chapter 3: Climate Change and Water Supply -- 3.1 Water Poverty -- 3.2 Quantitative Assessment of Future Water Availability -- 3.3 Further Impacts of Climate Change on Water Availability -- 3.4 Physical and Social Factors of Water Poverty -- 3.5 Where Is Water Supply Most Threatened by Climate Change? -- 3.6 Combined Effects of Climate Change and Demographic Change -- 3.7 Adapting to an Uncertain Climate Change -- References -- Chapter 4: Food Security in a Changing Climate -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Climate Impacts on Crop Productivity -- 4.2.1 Higher Temperature -- 4.2.2 Water Availability -- 4.2.3 Climate Variability -- 4.2.4 Soil Degradation -- 4.2.5 CO 2 Fertilization -- 4.2.6 Weeds, Pests and Pathogens -- 4.3 Climate-Induced Production Changes -- 4.3.1 South Asia -- 4.3.2 Sub-Saharan Africa -- 4.4 Climate Impacts on Agricultural Markets -- 4.5 Climate Impacts on Food Security -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Vulnerability of Coastal Populations -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Particularly Vulnerable Coastal Types -- 5.3 Quantitative Vulnerability Assessment -- 5.4 Summary -- References -- Part II: Human Rights, Justice and Development -- Chapter 6: Climate Change and Human Rights -- 6.1 Justice as a Complex Ethical Concept -- 6.2 Why Do We Start with Human Rights? -- 6.3 Inuit, Maldives and Human Rights Council: Human Rights and the Political Discourse. , 6.4 Human Rights Violated by Impacts of Climate Change -- 6.5 Moral Principles of Human Rights: Freedom, Equality, Solidarity and Participation -- 6.5.1 Freedom -- 6.5.2 Equality -- 6.5.3 Solidarity -- 6.5.4 Participation -- 6.6 Human Rights and Intercultural Transposition -- References -- Chapter 7: Triangle of Justice -- 7.1 Justice Based on the Core of Human Rights -- 7.2 Basic Needs, Opportunities and Procedures as Dimensions of Justice -- 7.2.1 Dimension I: Basic Needs Fulfilment -- 7.2.2 Dimension II: Sufficient Opportunities -- 7.2.3 Dimension III: Fair Procedures -- 7.3 Interplay Between Dimensions: Rights and Duties -- 7.4 Intra- and Inter-Generational Justice -- 7.4.1 Intra - Generational Justice -- 7.4.2 Future Persons -- 7.4.3 Past Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions and Historic Responsibility -- 7.5 Implementation of Justice and Its Difficulties -- References -- Chapter 8: Development as Enhancement of Life Chances -- 8.1 The Normative Essence of This Concept of Development -- 8.2 The Triangle of Justice in the Context of Development -- 8.2.1 Meeting Basic Needs -- 8.2.2 Just Distribution of Opportunities for Action -- 8.2.3 Fair Ways of Proceeding as the Basis for Conditions Conducive to Development -- 8.2.4 Right to Education -- References -- Chapter 9: Criteria for Compatibility of Climate and Development Policies -- 9.1 Three Requirements for Integrated Climate and Development Policies -- 9.2 Synergies Between Climate and Development Policies -- 9.3 Areas of Conflict Between Climate Protection and Poverty Reduction -- 9.4 Ethical Guidelines for Climate-Compatible Development -- 9.5 How to Handle Uncertainty and Risk in an Ethically Acceptable Way -- 9.6 Power to Act and Subsidiarity as Basic Conditions for Sharing the Burden -- 9.7 Allocation of Costs Regarding Climate Protection, Adaptation and Development -- References. , Chapter 10: Regulatory Policy: Guiding Social Principles and Individual Responsibility -- 10.1 Interaction of Individual and Institutional Ethics -- 10.2 Framework of Rules for Climate Compatible Development Politics -- 10.3 The Power of Social Norms and Lifestyle Patterns -- References -- Chapter 11: Cultures and Religions -- 11.1 Ethical Reflections and Cultural Beliefs -- 11.2 The Paradigm of Secularisation -- 11.3 Religions and Their Ambivalence -- 11.4 Interpreting Reality and Ethical Orientation -- 11.5 Religions as Carriers of Social Capital -- 11.6 Conclusion -- References -- Part III: Climate Change Mitigation Options: Challenges and Costs -- Chapter 12: The 2°C Target Reconsidered -- 12.1 On the "Two Degrees" Climate Policy Target (by Mike Hulme) -- 12.2 Chronicle of a Disaster Foretold. How Climate Change Is Communicated - And Why Global Warming Must Not Exceed Two Degrees (by Claus Leggewie and Dirk Messner) -- 12.3 Reconsidering the Arguments of Hulme and Leggewie/Messner -- 12.3.1 Why Set a Global Mitigation Target? -- 12.3.2 How Should We Determine a Global Mitigation Target? -- 12.3.3 Why 2°C? -- References -- Chapter 13: Climate Change Mitigation: Options, Costs and Risks -- 13.1 Limited Disposal Space in the Atmosphere -- 13.2 Mitigation Options and Costs -- 13.3 Risks of Mitigation Technologies -- 13.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14: Land Use Management for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation -- 14.1 Agriculture -- 14.2 Bioenergy -- 14.3 Avoiding Deforestation -- 14.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part IV: Climate Change Adaptation Options: Challenges and Costs -- Chapter 15: Adaptation in Water Management -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Food Consumption and Water Demand -- 15.3 Water Availability and Climate Change -- 15.4 Options to Avoid a Water Crisis -- 15.4.1 Institutional Reforms -- 15.4.2 Efficiency Gains and Rainwater Harvesting. , 15.4.3 Infrastructure Improvements -- 15.4.4 Lifestyle Changes -- 15.4.5 Virtual Water Trade -- 15.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16: Agricultural Adaptation Options: Production Technology, Insurance, Trade -- 16.1 Agricultural Vulnerability -- 16.2 Adjustments in Production Technology -- 16.3 Insurance Schemes -- 16.4 International Trade -- 16.4.1 Afrique Verte: An Example from the Sahel -- 16.5 Government Policies -- 16.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17: The Role of Ecosystem Services in Increasing the Adaptive Capacity of the Poor -- 17.1 The Link Between Ecosystems, Vulnerability and Adaptation -- 17.1.1 Ecosystem Services and the Poor -- 17.1.2 Adaptation to Climate Change -- 17.1.3 Increase Adaptive Capacity -- 17.1.4 The Value of Ecosystem Services -- 17.1.5 Ecosystem-Based Adaption -- 17.2 Examples of Ecosystem-Based Adaptation -- 17.2.1 Coastal Protection Through Mangroves -- 17.2.2 Provision of Fishing Grounds by Coral Reefs -- 17.2.3 Buffering Drought Through Termites -- 17.2.4 Buffering Inundations Through Flood Plains and Mountain Forests -- 17.2.5 Regulation of Micro-climates and Reduction of Air Pollution Through Urban Forests -- 17.2.6 Regulating Infectious Diseases -- 17.2.7 Increase Food Security with Agrobiodiversity -- 17.3 Conclusions -- References -- Part V: Case Studies on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation -- Chapter 18: Adaptation Options to Climate-Induced Glacier Retreat in Bolivia -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Climate Impacts on Future Glacier Run-Off in Bolivia -- 18.3 Recommendations on Adaptation Priorities and Measures -- 18.3.1 Water Storage in the Wet Season -- 18.3.2 Research, Monitoring and Risk Management -- 18.3.3 Water Management and Water Conservation -- 18.3.4 Energy Alternatives -- 18.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 19: Adaptation Options for Small Rice Farmers in the Philippines. , 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Case Study 1: Farmers' Organisation "Kalipunan ng mga Magbubukid para sa Likas-Kayang Pananakahan sa Hilagang Nueva Ecija" (Kalikasan-NE) -- 19.2.1 Perceptions on Changes in the Climate -- 19.2.2 Effects on Production and Productivity -- 19.2.3 Biophysical Adaptation Strategies -- 19.2.4 Economic Adaptation Strategies -- 19.2.5 Socio-cultural Adaptation Strategies -- 19.2.6 Issues and Insights -- 19.2.7 Recommendations -- 19.3 Case Study 2: Salngan Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries Multi-purpose Cooperative (SARBMPC) -- 19.3.1 Perceptions on Changes in the Climate -- 19.3.2 Effects on Production and Productivity -- 19.3.3 Biophysical Adaptation Strategies -- 19.3.4 Economic Adaptation Strategies -- 19.3.5 Socio-cultural Adaptation Strategies -- 19.3.6 Issues and Insights -- 19.3.7 Recommendations -- 19.4 Summary of Adaptation Strategies and Recommendations -- Chapter 20: Deforestation, Indigenous Peoples, and the Poor in Indonesia -- 20.1 The Problem of Deforestation and the Poor in Indonesia -- 20.2 Potential Solutions Linking Climate Change Mitigation, Adaptation, and Poverty Reduction -- 20.3 Transferability to Other Regions and Circumstances -- Chapter 21: Barriers for Avoiding Deforestation in Ecuador -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Definitions of Corruption -- 21.3 Corruption in the Ecuadorian Forest Sector -- 21.4 Potential Implications of Corruption in Ecuador for REDD -- References -- Chapter 22: Potentials and Limitations of Microinsurance for Protecting the Poor -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Definition and Challenges of Microinsurance -- 22.2.1 Low Premium - High Transaction Costs -- 22.2.2 Lack of Infrastructure -- 22.2.3 Lack of Insurance Knowledge -- 22.2.4 Insurance Illiteracy and Lack of Education -- 22.2.5 Low and Irregular Income -- 22.2.6 Lack of Data -- 22.3 The Institutional Models of Microinsurance. , 22.4 The Demand for Microinsurance.