Publication Date:
2022-05-26
Description:
Author Posting. © The Authors, 2017. This article is posted here by permission of Sears Foundation for Marine Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Marine Research 75 (2017): 361-402, doi:10.1357/002224017821836770.
Description:
Key aspects of the current state of the ability of global and regional climate models to represent dynamical processes and precipitation variations are summarized. Interannual, decadal, and global-warming timescales, wherein the influence of the oceans is relevant and the potential for predictability is highest, are emphasized. Oceanic influences on climate occur throughout the ocean and extend over land to affect many types of climate variations, including monsoons, the El Niño Southern Oscillation, decadal oscillations, and the response to greenhouse gas emissions. The fundamental ideas of coupling between the ocean-atmosphere-land system are explained for these modes in both global and regional contexts. Global coupled climate models are needed to represent and understand the complicated processes involved and allow us to make predictions over land and sea. Regional coupled climate models are needed to enhance our interpretation of the fine-scale response. The mechanisms by which large-scale, low-frequency variations can influence shorter timescale variations and drive regionalscale effects are also discussed. In this light of these processes, the prospects for practical climate predictability are also presented.
Description:
AJMwas supported by theNSFEarth System Modeling Program (OCE1419306)
and the NOAA Climate Variability and Prediction Program (NA14OAR4310276). HS thanks the
Office of Naval Research for support under N00014-15-1-2588. LPP was supported by “Advanced
Studies in Medium and High Latitudes Oceanography” (CAPES 23038.004304/2014-28) and
“National Institute of Science andTechnology of the Cryosphere” (CNPq/PROANTAR704222/2009).
VM was supported by NOAA grant NA12OAR4310078. TGJ was supported by the U. S. Naval
Research Laboratory 6.2 project “Fresh Water Balance in the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere System”
(BE-435-040-62435N-6777) YHT was supported by the MOST grant 106-2111-M-002-001,
Taiwan.
Keywords:
Climate modeling
;
Climate predictability
;
Decadal climate variability
;
El Niño Southern Oscillation
;
ENSO
;
Global warming
;
Monsoons
;
Ocean-atmospherel and interactions
;
Regional climate downscaling
Repository Name:
Woods Hole Open Access Server
Type:
Article
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