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  • Citric acid  (1)
  • Key words Interleukin-2 receptor  (1)
  • betaines  (1)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Citric acid ; citrate complex ; oxovanadium(V) complex ; vanadate ; molecular structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Potassium and ammonium dimeric (citrato)dioxovanadium(V) hydrate K2[VO2(H2cit)]2·4H2O1 and (NH4)2[VO2(H2cit)]2·2H2O2 (H4cit=citric acid) have been prepared and characterized by X-ray structure analyses. Vanadate1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP21/n (No. 14) with unit cell parameters:a=9.304(2),b=11.756(2),c=11.911(2)Å, β=111.72(3)°, andD c=1.911 g/cm3,Z=2; Vanadate2 also crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP21/n with unit cell parameters:a=9.719(2),b=11.111(3),c=11.294(2)Å, β=109.03(2)°, andD c=1.781 g/cm3,Z=2. Each dimer contains a centro-symmetric planar four-member V2O2 ring with two exocyclic citrate entities coordinated by the oxygen atoms of the hydroxy-and α-carboxylate ligands, while the other two β-carboxylate groups remain uncomplexed. Principal dimensions of the V−O bonds are 1.986(4)av (hydroxy) and 1.980(3)Å(α-carboxyl) for vanadate1, 1.988(2)av (hydroxy) and 1.974(3)Å(α-carboxyl) for vanadate2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words Interleukin-2 receptor ; Protein kinase C ; Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ; Immunosuppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at onset were studied for the expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor α-chain (CD25) by two-color flow-cytometric analysis. Stimulated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) alone, CD25 expression was significantly suppressed in CD4+ T cells from 27 of 48 (56.3%) cases and in CD8+ T cells from 29 of 48 (60.4%) cases. When stimulated with anti-CD3 mAb plus phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), CD25 expression was clearly restored in certain cases of ALL. When PMA plus ionomycin were used for stimulation of T cells, CD25 was inducible in a majority of cases. Interestingly CD25 expression upon anti-CD3 mAb stimulation was recovered after complete remission had been achieved. These observations suggest the presence in ALL children at onset of an in vitro defect in the signal transduction pathway of the T-cell-receptor/CD3 complex, resulting in inefficient CD25 expression. However, immune-staining analysis indicated that protein kinase C was normally translocated from the cytosol fraction to the cell membrane fraction. The mobilization of cytoplasmic free calcium is also normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 8 (1996), S. 535-543 
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: Ascophyllum nodosum ; betaines ; commercial seaweed extract ; leaf chlorophyll ; soil application
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Application to the soil of an aqueous alkaline extract ofAscophyllum nodosum resulted in higher concentrations of chlorophyll in the leaves of treated plants in comparison to control plants treated with an equivalent volume of water. Positive results were obtained with all species tested (tomato, dwarf French bean, wheat, barley, maize). When the seaweed extract was applied as a foliar spray, similar effects on leaf chlorophyll contents were obtained, except in the case of dwarf French bean plants, for which no significant difference was recorded between test and control plants. When the betaines present in the seaweed extract were applied as a mixture in the same concentrations as those in the diluted seaweed extract (γ-aminobutyric acid betaine 0.96 mg L−1, δ-aminovaleric acid betaine 0.43 mg L−1, glycinebetaine 0.34 mg L−1), very similar leaf chlorophyll levels were recorded for the seaweed extract and betaine treated plants. This suggests strongly that the enhanced leaf chlorophyll content of plants treated with seaweed extract is dependent on the betaines present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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