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  • 1
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Recent advances in the application of solid state nmr spectroscopy to uniformly aligned biopolymers have opened a window through which to view the detailed structure of biological macromolecules that are unable to be seen with standard techniques for structure determination such as x-ray diffraction. Atomic resolution structural details are obtained from solid state nmr data in the form of bond orientations, which yield the relative positions of specific atoms within the molecule. For static aligned systems such as fibers, in which rapid reorientation about the axis of alignment does not occur, it has generally been necessary to perform trial and error line-shape simulations to extract structural details from nmr spectra arising from a single type of nuclear spin interaction. In the present work, a new method is developed in which solid state 15N-nmr spectra obtained from uniaxially aligned molecules placed with the axis of alignment both parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field are analyzed to yield the orientations of specific molecular bonds. Analytical expressions are derived that utilize spectral features read from 15N chemical shift anisotropy line shapes to calculate a discrete number of possible orientations for a specific site. The 15N-1H dipolar interaction is employed to further narrow the number of unique orientations possible for a given site. With this method, a neighborhood of possible orientations is quickly determined, and full line-shape simulations within this region of allowed space can be performed to refine the limits of orientation. This technique demonstrates the use of a single type of isotopic label to determine the orientation of a specific molecular group such as a peptide plane within a protein. Results from the application of this method to the Bombyx mori silk fibroin protein provide structural detail that is consistent with currently accepted structural models based on fiber diffraction studies. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 176 (1975), S. 1151-1161 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Unter Berücksichtigung ihrer stereochemischen Konfigurationen und der Vorzugskonformationen wurden die Gesamtenergien einiger Modellsubstanzen für Polypropylen (PP) quantenchemisch nach der CNDO/2-Methode berechnet.Um die Informationen zur Konformation und Konfiguration von PP zu erhalten, wurden für 2-Methylbutan und Pentan die statistischen Gewichte, τ und ω, abgeschätzt und mit den aus semiempirischen Potentialfunktionen erhaltenen verglichen. Darüberhinaus wird gezeigt, daß sich die Form der Potentialkurven nahe dem Energieminimum für die Vorzugskonformationen mancher Modellsubstanzen - wie des Dimeren, Trimeren und Tetrameren - deutlich unterscheidet. Es ist also bezüglich des Modells der rotationsisomeren Zustände Vorsicht bei der Anwendung auf PP und seine Modellsubstanzen angebracht.
    Notes: The total energies of some model compounds for polypropylene (PP) were calculated quantum-chemically with the CNDO/2 method, taking into account their stereochemical configurations and preferred conformations.The statistical weights, τ and ω, are estimated using 2-methylbutane and pentane, respectively and are compared with those obtained with semiempirical potential functions, in order to obtain informations on the conformation and configuration of PP. Moreover, it is pointed out that the shape of the potential curves nearby the energy-minimum state is considerably different among the preferred conformations in some model compounds, such as dimer, trimer, and tetramer and this result demonstrates that one should be cautious with the application of the rotational isomeric state model to PP and its model compounds.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 523-548 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden die chemischen Verschiebungen der Diaden-, Triaden- und Tetraden-Protonen einer isolierten Polypropylenkette berechnet, wobei deren Konfigurationen und Konformationen unter Benutzung der Popleschen Näherung berücksichtigt wurden.Die Berechnungen wurden in Abhängigkeit der vier Parameter a, Δψ, ω und fr durchgeführt: a stellt das Verhältnis der magnetischen Anisotropie der CH—CH3 Bindung zu derjenigen der CH—CH2 Bindung dar, Δψ ist die Abweichung des Rotationswinkels, ω das der Wechselwirkung über vier Bindungen entsprechende statistische Gewicht und fr ist der Anteil an racemischen Einheiten in einer Kette. Durch Einführung des Parameters a konnten die beobachteten Ordnungen von Diaden- und Triaden-Protonen gut erklärt werden, wobei der Wert für a ungefähr im Bereich von 1,10 bis 1,25 lag. Die Übereinstimmung zwischen den beobachteten und den berechneten Ergebnissen war jedoch unzureichend in bezug auf den großen Unterschied zwischen syn- und anti-Protonen und die Ordnung der Tetraden-Protonen. Hier wurden die für die Abschätzung der chemischen Verschiebung notwendigen a priori Wahrscheinlichkeiten von spezifizierten Konformationen mit Hilfe der Floryschen Matrix Methode berechnet. Diese Ergebnisse wurden mit der Konformation des Polypropylens verglichen, wie sie von Flory et al. und von Zambelli et al. erhallen wurden.
    Notes: The proton chemical shifts of dyad, triad, and tetrad protons in an isolated chain of polypropylene were calculated, taking into account its configurations and conformations using Pople's approximation.The calculations were carried out as functions of four parameters, i.e., a, Δψ, ω, and fr: a represents the ratio of the magnetic anisotropy of the CH—CH3 bond to that of the CH—CH2 bond, Δψ the deviation for the rotational angle, ω the statistical weight corresponding to the four-bond interaction, and fr the amount of the racemic units contained in a chain. By introducing the parameter, a, the observed orders of dyad and triad protons were well explained and the value of a was in the range of about 1,10 to 1,25. However, the agreement between the observed and calculated results was insufficient with respect to the large difference between syn and anti protons and the order of tetrad protons. Here, a priori probabilities of specified conformations necessary to the estimation of the chemical shift were calculated using Flory's matrix method. These results were compared with the conformation of polypropylene obtained by Flory et al. and Zambelli et al.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 1493-1500 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das charakteristische Verhaltnis (CR, d. i. ein Maß für den Fadenendenabstand) von Polypropylen wurde unter Berücksichtigung der chemischen Inversionen wie Kopf- Kopf und Schwanz-Schwanz Einheiten in der Kette berechnet und mit den früher in Abhüngigkeit von der Taktizitüt berechneten Werten verglichen.
    Notes: The characteristic ratio (CR, i.e., a measure for the end-to-end distance) of polypropylene was calculated taking into account the chemical inversions such as head-to-head and tail-to-tail units in the chain and compared with the values calculated previously as a function of the tacticity.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 1097-1109 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: All the NH and α-CH proton chemical shifts of alanine oligopeptides (Ac-(Ala)n-NHMe, where n = 1-6) with extended and α-helical conformations and anti-parallel β pleated-sheet structure, were calculated by taking into account the magnetic anistropy effect due to the C=O and two kinds of C—N bond anisotropies, and the electric-field effect. The observed spectral behavior of the NH or CH protons in Ac-Ala-NHMe and Ac-(Ala)2-NHMe could be mostly predicted from the calculation, which indicates that the NH and CH chemical shifts in these oligomers are mainly determined by the intramolecular shielding effect. On the other hand, the appearance of the “doublet α-CH peak” for oligomers with chain lengths of five or more reported by Goodman et al. could not be interpreted in terms of the intramolecular shielding effect. In this case, therefore, whether the CH protons are shielded from the solvent or not, seems to be a dominant factor for the origin of the “doublet peak”. The magnetic anisotropy effect of a peptide group was also examined.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 1243-1251 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The 13C NMR chemical shifts of tetrad CH2 carbons of poly(vinyl chloride) are observed in solvents covering a wide range of relative dielectric constants and show extreme sensitivity to the solvent. The chemical shifts are interpreted theoretically by means of the solvaton-CNDO/2 MO theory.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 2289-2295 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The motion of covalently crosslinked gels of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) swollen by benzene-d6 was studied by means of 13C NMR spectroscopy. The dependence of the segmental motion of PMMA on stereosequence was not affected by the presence of the covalently crosslinked part in the chain; isotactic sequence was more mobile than syndiotactic sequence. The spin-lattice relaxation times, T1's, for all the 13C nuclei of PMMA swollen with benzene (benzene content, 90 wt.-%, 0,01 mole-% of crosslinking) were considerably longer than those observed for the linear PMMA (benzene content, 75 wt.-%). Moreover, all the T1 values decreased with increasing of the degree of crosslinking, regardless of the crosslinking agent and reached to the values of T1 observed for uncrosslinked PMMA or to slightly larger values when the content of crosslinking agent was 1 mole-%. However, the nuclear Overhauser enhancement data were essentially independent of the degree of crosslinking within experimental error.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 1153-1165 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: 1H and 13C NMR spectra of N-acetyl-L-alanyl-L-alaninemethylamide and N-acetyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine methyl ester were measured in [2H]6-dimethyl sulfoxide and deuteriochloroform/trifluoroacetic acid solutions. The assignments of the N-terminal and internal NH proton peaks of the amide could be made by means of deuterium exchange experiments in [2H]6-dimethyl sulfoxide solution. An association model of the amide with an antiparallel β-sheet structure was proposed by taking into account the presence of an IR absorption at 1 690 cm-1 as amide I band and the results of the measurement of 3JHN-CαH coupling constants, as well as the deuterium exchange experiment. Moreover, the interaction between the peptide units in these two compounds and trifluoroacetic acid seems to be weaker than the N-acetyl-L-alaninemethylamide-acid interaction in a deuteriochloroform/trifluoroacetic acid solvent system of the same concentration.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1984), S. 1827-1833 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Soluble catalysts of V(acac)3 and AIR2X (R = C2H5, n-C3H7, i-C4H9; X = Cl, Br) initiate a living polymerization of propene at -78°C to afford monodisperse polymers of syndiotactic structure. The stereochemistry of the living polymerization was investigated by examining the structures of monomdisperse polypropylenes and of propylene-ethylene block copolymers by means of 13C NMR spectroscopy. It was found that syndiotactic- and regio-specificities of the soluble vanadium-based catalysts are not influenced by the sequence length of the living polymer chain.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 192 (1991), S. 1649-1654 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The emission characteristics of the excited state of tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), Ru(bpy)32+, adsorbed on a silk fibroin membrane is studied. The life time of the excited state of the adsorbed Ru(bpy)32+ is unusually longer (1 000 ns) than that of Ru(bpy)32+ in aqueous solution (598 ns). The excited state of the adsorbed Ru(bpy)32+ is quenched by oxygen when dipped in methanol, but not in water. The quenching by oxygen in methanol follows the Stern-Volmer equation. The luminescent characteristics of the adsorbed Ru complex is discussed in terms of binding in hydrophobic domains composed of tyrosine residues of the protein.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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