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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 29 (1997), S. 50-58 
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: evaluation ; comparative protein modeling ; Modeller ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We evaluate homology-derived 3D models of dihydrofolate reductase (DFR1), phosphotransferase enzyme IIA domain (PTE2A3), and mouse/human UBC9 protein (UBC924) which were submitted to the second Meeting on the Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP). The DFR1 and PTE2A3 models, based on alignments without large errors, were slightly closer to their corresponding X-ray structures than the closest template structures. By contrast, the UBC924 model was slightly worse than the best template due to a misalignment of the N-terminal helix. Although the current models appear to be more accurate than the models submitted to the CASP meeting in 1994, the four major types of errors in side chain packing, position, and conformation of aligned segments, position and conformation of inserted segments, and in alignment still occur to almost the same degree. The modest improvement probably originates from the careful manual selection of the templates and editing of the alignment, as well as from the iterative realignment and model building guided by various model evaluation techniques. This iterative approach to comparative modeling is likely to overcome at least some initial alignment errors, as demonstrated by the correct final alignment of the C terminus of DFR1. Proteins, Suppl. 1:50-58, 1997. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 12 (1992), S. 158-170 
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: X-ray structure ; TLS analysis ; aspartic proteinases ; inhibitor complexes ; catalysis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Comparison of the three-dimensional structures of native endothiapepsin (EC 3.4.23.6) and 15 endothiapepsin oligopeptide inhibitor complexes defined at high resolution by X-ray crystallography shows that endothiapepsin exists in two forms differing in the relative orientation of a domain comprising residues 190-302. There are relatively few interactions between the two parts of the enzyme; consequently, they can move as separate rigid bodies. A translational, librational, and screw analysis of the thermal parameters of endothiapepsin also supports and model in which the two parts can move relative to each other. In the comparison of different aspartic proteinases, the rms values are reduced by up to 47% when the two parts of the structure are superposed independently. This justifies description of the differences, including those between pepsinogen and pepsin (EC 3.4.34.1), as a rigid movement of one part relative to another although considerable distortions within the domains also occur. The consequence of the rigid body movement is a change in the shape of the active site cleft that is largest around the S3 pocket. This is associated with a different position and conformation of the inhibitors that are bound to the two endothiapepsin forms. The relevance of these observations to a model of the hydrolysis by aspartic proteinases is briefly discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 23 (1995), S. 318-326 
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: evaluation ; comparative protein modeling ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We evaluate 3D models of human nucleoside diphosphate kinase, mouse cellular retinoic acid binding protein I, and human eosinophil neurotoxin that were calculated by MODELLER, a program for comparative protein modeling by satisfaction of spatial restraints. The models have good stereochemistry and are at least as similar to the crystallographic structures as the closest template structures. The largest errors occur in the regions that were not aligned correctly or where the template structures are not similar to the correct structure. These regions correspond predominantly to exposed loops, insertions of any length, and non-conserved side chains. When a template structure with more than 40% sequence identity to the target protein is available, the model is likely to have about 90% of the mainchain atoms modeled with an rms deviation from the X-ray structure of ≈ 1 Å, in large part because the templates are likely to be that similar to the X-ray structure of the target. This rms deviation is comparable to the overall differences between refined NMR and X-ray crystallography structures of the same protein. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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