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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infusion of insulin impairs human adipocyte glucose metabolism in vitro without decreasing adipocyte insulin receptor binding (1984)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 27 (1984), S. 358-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Hyperinsulinaemia ; insulin resistance ; adipocytes ; receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine whether hyperinsulinaemia can cause insulin resistance in man and, if so, whether this occurs at a receptor or post-receptor site, nine normal volunteers were infused with insulin for 6 h at a rate (2 mU·kg-1·min-1) which resulted in steady-state plasma insulin concentrations of 140±13mU/l and four subjects were infused with saline (0.45%). Isolated adipocytes and monocytes were used as models for studying insulin binding, while adipocytes were also used to study insulin action in vitro. Adipocyte insulin binding did not decrease following infusion of insulin (4.6±0.5 versus 4.4±0.4% per 2×105 cells, before and after, respectively), whereas monocyte insulin binding did (7.2±0.6 versus 6.2±0.6% per 107 cells, p〈0.05). Initial rates of adipocyte 3-0-methyl glucose transport were decreased in the absence of insulin (basal) and at submaximally effective (33.3pmol/l) but not at maximally effective insulin concentrations. At all insulin concentrations and in the absence of insulin, rates of glucose conversion to lipids were decreased more than 50% (p〈0.05), whereas rates of glucose oxidation were unaffected. This decrease in the rates of conversion of glucose to lipids could not be accounted for by the decrease in rates of glucose transport. These results suggest that hyperinsulinaemia can cause insulin resistance in man and that, at least initially, this occurs at a post-receptor site. Furthermore, the discordant effect of hyperinsulinaemia on monocyte and adipocyte insulin binding indicates that monocyte insulin binding may not always reflect insulin binding in insulin-sensitive tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304850
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of insulin resistance by hyperinsulinaemia in man (1985)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 28 (1985), S. 70-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Hyperinsulinaemia ; insulin resistance ; glucose utilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It has been proposed that hyperinsulinaemia may cause or exacerbate insulin resistance. The present studies were undertaken to test this hypothesis in man. Glucose utilization, glucose production, and overall glucose metabolism at submaximally and maximally effective plasma insulin concentrations (∼80 and ∼1700 mU/l), and monocyte and adipocyte insulin binding were measured in normal volunteers on two occasions: once after 40 h of hyperinsulinaemia (25–35 mU/l) produced by infusion of insulin and once after infusion of saline (75 mmol/l; plasma insulin ∼10 mU/l). After 40 h of hyperinsulinaemia, glucose utilization and overall glucose metabolism at submaximally and maximally effective plasma insulin concentrations were both slightly, but significantly, reduced compared with values observed after the infusion of saline (p〈0.05), whereas glucose production rates were unaffected. Monocyte and adipocyte binding were also unaffected. These results indicate that hyperinsulinaemia of the magnitude observed in insulin resistant states, such as obesity, can produce insulin resistance in man. Assuming that human insulin sensitive tissues possess spare insulin receptors and that monocyte and adipocyte insulin binding accurately reflect insulin binding in insulin-sensitive tissues, the decreased maximal responses to insulin and the lack of change in insulin binding suggest that this insulin resistance occurred at a post-binding site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279918
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Base stacking in A fluorescent dinucleoside monophosphate: εApεA (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 17 (1978), S. 1361-1372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The optical properties of the 1,N6 - etheno derivative of ApA (εApεA) have been studied. Absorbance and CD measurements suggest that (1) neutral salts tend to unstack this molecule and (2) the stacking interaction is weaker than in ApA. εApεA is found to be quenched strongly with respect to the monomer. (εAMP); this quenching is solvent dependent (1M NaCl 〉 5M NaClo4〉40%glycerol) and increases with the ratio of temperature to viscosity (T/η) in each case. Fluorescence lifetime measurements also reveal a temperature- and solvent-dependent decay which is nonlinear on a semilog plot. In the presence of 95% glycerol, this decay return to linearity. These data have been considered from two points of view: (1) two-state pictures which are based on thermodynamic least-squares fit to quatum yield and CD curves, together with two exponential fits to the decay curves and (2) a dynamical model in which relatives fluorophore motion leads to deexcitation via intramolecular collision. A simple model of type (2) gives qualitative agreement with the observed behavior.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1978.360170519
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melanin-concentrating hormone: A structural and conformational study based on synthesis, biological activity, high-field nmr, and molecular modeling techniques (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 29 (1990), S. 609-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) fragments have been synthesized and their biological activities compared with the parent peptide. The substructural units, 5-14 linear and 5-14 cyclic, have been used as models for MCH -  in 1H-nmr conformational studies. Conformational features predicted by molecular dynamics analyses find support in the nmr experiments.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360290314
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convective diffusion of heat in composite media with heat sources and sinks (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Convective diffusion of heat is a problem which arises in many areas. Since most thermal transport situations involve more than one material insulation, supports, etc., the treatment of composite regions is of interest. In certain systems, namely, those involving chemical or nuclear reactions, heat generation may be either localized or distributed. In this paper a general analytical treatment of this problem is made by using a double Fourier series technique involving an extended orthogonality concept. This treatment is then applied to the solutions of heat transfer situations arising in electrochemical energy conversion systems. Experimental temperature profiles are presented which test the theory.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690170116
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