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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth inhibition by high light intensities in algae from lakes undergoing acidification (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 184 (1989), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: acidification ; algae ; Chrysochromulina ; Mougeotia ; photoinhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Blooms ofChrysochromulina breviturrita Nich. (Prymnesiophyceae) have been found to be restricted to lakes above pH 5.5 even though the alga is able to tolerate pH 4.0 in laboratory culture. A possible explanation is the increased transparency in acidifying lakes and a sensitivity ofC. breviturrita to high light intensities. A comparison was made withMougeotia sp., a filamentous green alga which co-occurs in moderately acidic lakes and has a similar pH tolerance range. This alga forms dense, floating mats or amorphous clouds in the upper littoral zone, where it would be exposed to full sunlight irradiances. In cultures ofC. breviturrita, prolonged exposures to 1600 µE · m−2 · s−1 (I0′) resulted in reductions in cell yield which were dependent age at the onset of exposure to high light intensity. Only cultures exposed to high light intensities during late stationary phase were able to recover to control levels and no recovery occurred if these cultures were nitrogen deficient.Mougeotia was more tolerant of both high light intensity and nitrogen limitation during the recovery period. The inability ofC. breviturrita to recover from the effects of high light intensity during nitrogen deprivation may be particularly important in small, stratified lakes which are undergoing acidification. The slow rate of vertical circulation, and increasing transparency, would prolong exposure of the alga to the high irradiance levels of nutrient-deficient epilimnetic waters. This suggests that the geographic distribution ofC. breviturrita may be explained in part by the increasing light intensities in lakes undergoing acidification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027029
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth inhibition by high light intensities in algae from lakes undergoing acidification (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 184 (1989), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: acidification ; algae ; Chrysochromulina ; Mougeotia ; photoinhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Blooms ofChrysochromulina breviturrita Nich. (Prymnesiophyceae) have been found to be restricted to lakes above pH 5.5 even though the alga is able to tolerate pH 4.0 in laboratory culture. A possible explanation is the increased transparency in acidifying lakes and a sensitivity ofC. breviturrita to high light intensities. A comparison was made withMougeotia sp., a filamentous green alga which co-occurs in moderately acidic lakes and has a similar pH tolerance range. This alga forms dense, floating mats or amorphous clouds in the upper littoral zone, where it would be exposed to full sunlight irradiances. In cultures ofC. breviturrita, prolonged exposures to 1600 µE · m−2 · s−1 (I0′) resulted in reductions in cell yield which were dependent age at the onset of exposure to high light intensity. Only cultures exposed to high light intensities during late stationary phase were able to recover to control levels and no recovery occurred if these cultures were nitrogen deficient.Mougeotia was more tolerant of both high light intensity and nitrogen limitation during the recovery period. The inability ofC. breviturrita to recover from the effects of high light intensity during nitrogen deprivation may be particularly important in small, stratified lakes which are undergoing acidification. The slow rate of vertical circulation, and increasing transparency, would prolong exposure of the alga to the high irradiance levels of nutrient-deficient epilimnetic waters. This suggests that the geographic distribution ofC. breviturrita may be explained in part by the increasing light intensities in lakes undergoing acidification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02392957
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the use of collision induced dissociation spectra in the determination of the structural composition of ions (1982)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 17 (1982), S. 229-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The application of the superposition principle of McLafferty and co-workers to collision induced dissociation or collisional activation spectra to obtain quantitative estimates of the composition of isomeric mixtures of ions is discussed in detail. A set of explicitly stated assumptions is used to derive expressions for the percent composition based on normalized peak heights or peak height ratios in the collision induced dissociation spectra. The simple linear interpolation based on peak ratios which has been used in the past is shown to be invalid. It is demonstrated that the common practice of ignoring those collision induced dissociation peaks where there is interference from non-collision induced dissociation processes may lead to substantial uncertainty in the final results. It is also demonstrated that the superposition principle may lead to results which are not internally consistent with the model. The final conclusion is that the present method of quantitative structural analysis based on the superposition principle cannot generally be expected to yield reliable results. In specific cases the results may be assumed to be reliable if it is demonstrated that the model is self-consistent and the inherent experimental uncertainty is reasonably small. Further work may be useful in developing a generally valid method of analysis.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210170507
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A contribution to the study of random degradation of chain polymersThis work forms part of the research being carried out at this Institute under grant number FG-Is-102-58 issued by the Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 46 (1960), S. 289-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A uniform rigorous mathematical treatment is presented for the random degradation of chain polymers, including the three fundamental initial states, viz., (a)a finite single chain (b)a number of chains of equal length, and (c)a number of chains of varying lengths. Limiting expressions are derived for the number fraction and weight fraction of chains of a given degree of polymerization, theoretically obtainable for a given degree of degradation in all three cases. The stochastic approach is employed for the derivation of the mathematical expression for the degree of degradation as function of time. It is assumed in the derivation that the probability P that a given bond still unbroken at the time t will break in the time interval between t and t + Δt is of the form P = ϕ(t)Δt, where ϕ(t)is not necessarily a constant. Instead of the well known formula α(t)= 1 - exp { - kt} an empirical formula α(t)= 1 - exp { - ktm} is proposed; this formula includes the former as' a special case (when ϕ(t)= const.), and is shown to better fit the experimental results obtained in studies on the degradation of cellulose and of polystyrene solutions.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1960.1204614801
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ueber die Einwirkung des Chlorjods auf aromatische Amine (1878)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 11 (1878), S. 107-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.18780110126
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