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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nimodipine and haloperidol attenuate behavioural sensitization to cocaine but only nimodipine blocks the establishment of conditioned locomotion induced by cocaine (1994)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 113 (1994), S. 404-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cocaine ; Nimodipine ; Haloperidol ; L-type Ca2+ channels ; Behavioral sensitization ; Classical conditioning ; Conditioned locomotion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The classical conditioning of the behavioural effects of cocaine has been shown to contribute to behavioural sensitization. In the present experiments, it was demonstrated that the effects of cocaine in rats can be conditioned to contextual stimuli. Furthermore, sensitization to cocaine's locomotor effects were demonstrated, and shown to be context specific. Nimodipine (10 mg/kg, SC), an L-type dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel antagonist, appeared to completely block the establishment of conditioning of cocaine's effects, but only partially blocked sensitization to cocaine. Haloperidol (0.05 mg/kg, IP), a relatively specific D2 dopamine receptor antagonist, attenuated behavioral sensitization but had no influence on the establishment of the conditioned component of cocaine. These results indicate that the sensitization to, and the development of classical conditioning of, cocaine's behavioural effects can be pharmacologically dissociated, but that a non-associative process involved in sensitization is normally overridden by conditioning factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245216
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of nimodipine and/or haloperidol on the expression of conditioned locomotion and sensitization to cocaine in rats (1994)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 114 (1994), S. 315-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cocaine ; Nimodipine ; Haloperidol ; L-type Ca2+ channels ; Dopamine receptors ; Behavioral sensitization ; Conditioned locomotion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The development of classical conditioning of cocaine's locomotor effects can be dissociated from the development of sensitization to cocaine by co-administration of haloperidol, a dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist, and nimodipine, an L-type calcium channel antagonist. The effects of these agents on theexpression of conditioning and sensitization are described in the present report. Rats were given injections of vehicle or cocaine (10 mg/kg, IP) for 10 days before placement in a specific context in which locomotor activity was recorded. Neither haloperidol (0.05 mg/kg, IP) nor nimodipine (10 mg/kg, SC) influenced the expression of classical conditioning of cocaine's locomotor effects to the situational context on a subsequent cocaine-free test. Combined treatment of rats with both drugs did block classical conditioning with cocaine. Nimodipine, but not haloperidol, blocked the expression of behavioural sensitization to cocaine after a cocaine challenge. It is concluded that the expression of cocaine-induced classical conditioning can be pharmacologically dissociated from the expression of behavioural sensitization to cocaine. Furthermore, the effects of nimodipine and haloperidol on the expression of conditioning and sensitization are different from their effects on the development of these phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244854
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unbiased cocaine conditioned place preferences (CPP) obscures conditioned locomotion, and nimodipine blockade of cocaine CPP is due to conditioned place aversions (1997)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 130 (1997), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Cocaine ; Stimulants ; Nimodipine ; L-type Ca2+ channels ; Locomotor activity ; Conditioned place preferences ; Conditioned place aversions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of nimodipine (0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/kg, SC), a dihydropyridine L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist, on the establishment of cocaine-(10 mg/kg IP) conditioned place preferences (CPP) was investigated. Nimodipine produced conditioned place aversions (CPA) on its own; reductions in cocaine CPP are apparently due to this CPA. There is a high negative correlation between time spent in the CS+ compartment and the difference in locomotion rates between the CS+ and the non-drug (CS−) compartments, independent of drug effects. This relationship is responsible for an increased rate of locomotion observed in the CS− compartment in cocaine-conditioned rats. Analysis of covariance indicated that cocaine CPP occurred independently of cocaine’s effects on locomotion. Furthermore, cocaine produces an increase in the rate of locomotion in the CS+ compartment when time spent in this compartment is equated with time spent in the CS− compartment. This suggests that cocaine’s effects on CPP and “conditioned” locomotion are due to separate mechanisms of action. On the other hand, nimodipine-induced place aversions and locomotor rates are not independent of each other, indicating a common mechanism of action, or that one is a consequence of the other. It is concluded that place preferences and place aversions can sometimes be secondary to compartment-specific locomotor changes, and locomotion effects can be confounded by differential times spent in each compartment. The relationships between these two behaviours must be controlled for before conclusions of CPP or CPA can be drawn in drug conditioning studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050247
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Class of Trinuclear Clusters with Carbonyl Bridging (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 29-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The impetus for this work was the structure of a trinuclear complex with two carbonyl groups showing incipient triple bridging - Cp2Rh3(CO)4-. Its structure, barrier to rotation of one Rh(CO)2- piece vs. the rest of the molecule, and the nature of the bridging carbonyl interaction are analyzed. Isolobal analogies form an interesting connection between this complex and a bridged isomer of the recently synthesized carbene complexes, Cp2Rh2(CO)2CR2, one isomer of Cp2Rh3(CO)3, and hypothetical carbyne complexes Cp2Rh2(CO)2CH+,-. A general bonding model for Cp2Rh2(μ-CO)2X complexes is constructed. The model, rich in geometrical detail, allows minima for the bridging carbonyl groups bending toward and away from the bonded ligand X.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19800630105
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The measurement of charge response of powders exposed to ion bombardment (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1909-1919 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A system has been designed and developed to subject a sample of powder on a grounded metal plate to charging by ion bombardment and to measure the charge accepted by the sample. Observation of the charge decay from the sample was also possible. A method of sample preparation was evolved which made it possible to obtain samples of known particle size and number of particles. The sensitivity of measurement and the noise levels were investigated and found to be acceptable. Calibration tests were made to determine the validity of the proposed equation relating the measured voltage, circuit capacitances, and the ratio of probe height to net charge location. It was found that for a wide range of values of the ratio of probe height to particle diameter, the linear equation was a good description of the process and could be used to accurately determine the charge on a sample. Some measurements were made on typical powders to illustrate the feasibility of the method and equipment to characterize variable charging properties.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130910
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protection of polymers from degradation by ultraviolet light: Compensation for increased UV light intensity by increased UV absorber concentration (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 2249-2252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330632
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface Analysis of Pulverised Fuel Ash by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 89-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Samples of pulverised fuel ash (PFA) obtained both from power stations and from laboratory combustion experiments have been examined by SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry) and XPS (x-ray photo-electron spectroscopy).The elemental analysis is at present semi-quantitative and indicates presence of sulphur mainly as sulphate ion in the outer surface layer (5-10 nm) of some samples. Other elements, notably Mg, Fe, K and Ti appear at higher concentrations, up to ∼ 10% once the outer 10-20 nm surface layers have been removed by ion etching.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19860030208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformational aspects of polypeptides. XI. The nitroaromatic effectSubmitted by A. M. Felix to the faculty of the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree in Chemistry. For previous paper in series, see Goodman, Boardman, and Listowsky.1 (1963)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 1 (1963), S. 371-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: β-ρ-Nitrobenzyl-L-aspartate and γ-p-nitrobenzyl-L-glutamate were synthesized, and copolymers were prepared respectively with β-benzyl-D-(and -L-) aspartate and γ-benzyl-L-glutamate. In chloroform there is a reversal in helical sense of poly-β-benzyl-L-aspartate to the right-handed sense of poly-β-p-nitrobenzyl-L-aspartate when 26-32 mole-% of the latter is present in the copolymer. A new conformationally dependent Cotton effect was found for these copolymers at 370 mμ. In dimethylformamide there is a transition from the random conformation of poly-β-benzyl-D-(or -L-) aspartate to the right-handed helical sense of poly-β-p-nitrobenzyl-L-aspartate. The formation of a side chain helix is proposed to explain the enhanced rotatory properties for the nitrated aspartates. In the glutamate series no helix reversal or unusual rotatory properties were observed in DMF or chloroform.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360010409
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular weight characterization of soluble high performance polyimides. 1. Polymer-solvent-stationary phase interactions in size exclusion chromatography (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 1429-1439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: soluble aromatic polyimides ; size exclusion chromatography ; molecular weight characterization ; mobile phase/stationary phase interactions (SEC) ; high performance polyimides ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Soluble, fully cyclized m-amino phenyl acetylene terminated polyimides based on several anhydride/diamine monomers were prepared in N-methylpyrrolidine (NMP) and cyclized by solution imidization to controlled molecular weight. The polyimides and a polyamic acid precursor were successfully analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) utilizing online parallel coupled refractive index and differential viscometer detectors. The calculated Mnvalues were varied from 3,000 to 20,000 daltons. N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and chloroform served as mobile phases for the cross-linked polystyrene gel packings. Normal retention behavior of the polyimides was observed in chloroform, THF, and NMP containing LiBr, or in NMP stirred over P2O5 before use. Values of Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponents for narrow distribution linear polystyrene indicate that pure NMP and NMP with 0.06 M LiBr are good solvents for polystyrene standards at 60°C. In contrast, SEC behavior of polyimides in pure NMP leads to splitting of the peaks with the major portion observed to pass through the columns at the exclusion limit. In contrast to strong polymeric chain expansion of the polyamic acid in dilute solution, presumably due to a polyelectrolyte effect, no increase of intrinsic viscosity of polyimide samples in pure NMP was observed. This exclusion effect of polyimides analyzed in NMP is discussed in terms of possible ion-exclusion from pores of the stationary phase. Differences in polystyrene calibration in NMP with or without additives and the temperature dependence of calibration curves in these mobile phases is discussed as well. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1995.090331001
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular weight characterization of soluble high performance polyimides. 2. Validity of universal SEC calibration and absolute molecular weight calculation (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 1441-1448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: soluble high-performance fully cyclized polyimides ; molecular weight characterization ; size exclusion chromatography (SEC) ; LALLS ; in-line viscosity detection ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Six different soluble high-performance aromatic polyimides, each prepared by solution imidization to three controlled average molecular weights, were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) using on-line parallel coupled refractometric and viscometric detectors. N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) with 0.06 M LiBr and NMP stirred over P2O5 were used as mobile phase for four of the polyimides; NMP with 0.06 M LiBr and NMP stirred over P2O5 were used as mobile phases for four of the polyimides; NMP with 0.06 M LiBr tetrahydrofuran (THF) and chloroform served as mobile phases for the other two polyimides. For all the samples the stationary phase in the SEC columns was cross-linked polystyrene beads. Molecular weight averages of the polyimides were calculated using universal SEC calibration with polystyrene standards in each solvent. The agreement of the calculated molecular weight averages in the different solvents confirms that the universal SEC calibrations are valid for these semiflexible polymers. There was good agreement with weightaverage molecular weights obtained by low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) performed in pure NMP. Intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight data for a series of nine samples of one polyimide covering a Mw = 20,000-70,000 g mol-1 interval were treated to obtain Mark-Houwink-Sakurada constants. Unperturbed chain dimensions of this polyimide were obtained by application of the Stockmayer-Fixman extrapolation procedure to these data. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1995.090331002
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