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  • Physics  (2)
  • precipitation  (2)
  • spatial variation  (2)
  • Cell intercalation  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial variability and interpolation of daily precipitation amount (1992)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 6 (1992), S. 209-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: geostatistics ; precipitation ; water balance models ; semivariogram ; kriging ; spatial variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Daily precipitation amounts show spatial variation over sub-continential regions. Point measurements, representative for regions of land, have to be interpolated towards unobserved locations. In this study four days in 1984 were selected to investigate the spatial variability of daily precipitation amount in North-western Europe in relation to the meteorological conditions. Data were interpolated using Kriging. Crossvalidation was used to compare interpolated values with measured values. Large differences in the spatial structure of daily precipitation amount are obsered as a result of different meterological conditions. Stratification of the study area into a coastal, a mountainous and an interior stratum proved to be successful, reducing the Mean Squared Error of Prediction with up to 55%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581451
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial variability and interpolation of daily precipitation amount (1992)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 6 (1992), S. 304-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: geostatistics ; precipitation ; water balance models ; semivariogram ; kriging ; spatial variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Daily precipitation amounts show spatial variation over sub-continential regions. Point measurements, represntative for regions of land, have to be interpolated towards unobserved locations. In this study four days in 1984 were selected to investigate the spatial variability of daily precipitation amount in north-western Europe in relation to the meteorological conditions. Data were interpolated using kriging. Crossvalidation was used to compare interpolated values with measured values. Large differences in the spatial structure of daily precipitation amount are observed as a result of different meteorological conditions. Stratification of the study area into a coast, a mountain and an interior stratum proved to be successful, reducing the Mean Squared Error of Prediction with up to 55%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581623
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tension-dependent collective cell movements in the early gastrula ectoderm of Xenopus laevis embryos (2000)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 210 (2000), S. 92-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Morphogenetic movements ; Mechanical stresses ; Cell intercalation ; Xenopus laevis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Ventral ectodermal explants taken from early gastrula embryos of Xenopus laevis were artificially stretched either by two opposite concentrated forces or by a distributed force applied to the internal explant’s layer. These modes of stretching reflect different mechanical situations taking place in the normal development. Two main types of kinematic response to the applied tensions were detected. First, by 15 min after the onset of concentrated stretching a substantial proportion of the explant’s cells exhibited a concerted movement towards the closest point of the applied stretching force. We define this movement as tensotaxis. Later, under both concentrated and distributed stretching, most of the cell’s trajectories became reoriented perpendicular to the stretching force, and the cells started to intercalate between each other, both horizontally and vertically. This was accompanied by extensive elongation of the outer ectodermal cells and reconstruction of cell-cell contacts. The intercalation movements led first to a considerable reduction in the stretch-induced tensions and then to the formation of peculiar bipolar ”embryoid” shapes. The type and intensity of the morphomechanical responses did not depend upon the orientation of a stretching force in relation to the embryonic axes. We discuss the interactions of the passive and active components in tension-dependent cell movements and their relations to normal morphogenetic events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050015
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the thermal behavior of 4-(o-carboranyl)-1-butylmethyl siloxane-dimethyl siloxane copolymersPresented at the 2nd Western Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, October 16-21, 1966. (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 5 (1967), S. 2119-2131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polysiloxanes containing carboranylbutyl and methyl pendant groups were investigated, to determine their resistance to thermal decomposition when heated in air. Results indicate that the copolymers degrade through Si—C as well as Si—O bond rupture. At 300°C. thermooxidative scission of pendant groups was the predominant reaction. whereas Si—O and Si—C bond rupture occurred at 500°C. Variations in the behavior of the copolymers studied suggest that the carborane nucleus provides some inhibiting influence on their thermal decomposition. This is mainly attributed to steric hindrance effects rather than polarity factors. Chain extension with tin octoate caused a reduction of thermal stability, probably because of the addition of Sn—O bonds to the molecules.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.150050828
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and thermal stability of organometallosiloxanes and organometallic compounds (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 4 (1966), S. 2307-2319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This study covers the results of synthesis and investigation of thermal stabilities of several organometallosiloxanes and organometal compounds containing Group IV elements. Investigations indicate, in general, that heat resistance is related to the dissociation energies of the M—O bonds, the number of organic groups connected to the metal atom, and the structure of the molecule as a whole. More specifically, the substitution of Ge—O and Sn—O bonds for some Si—O linkages in organosiloxanes produces a reduction in heat stability. The influence of the Ge—O bond to decrease the resistance of siloxanes is less than that of the Sn—O linkage; an increase in the number of Sn—O linkages producing a corresponding decrease in heat stability of the organosiloxane. The resistances of the germoxysiloxanes to heat degradation are less than that which would be expected from indications given by the relative stabilities of more simple organometallic compounds.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.150040924
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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