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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 42 (1999), S. 389-401 
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Keywords: SchlüsselwörterVirusbedingte hämorrhagische Fieber (Ebola Marburg ; Lassa ; Krim-Kongo) ; Pest ; Seuchenhygiene ; Quarantäne ; Internationale Gesundheitsvorschriften ; Reisemedizin ; Tropenkrankheiten ; Emerging diseases ; öffentlicher Gesundheitsdienst ; Zivilmilitärische Zusammenarbeit ; Key words Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers (Ebola-Marburg Viral Diseases ; Lassa Fever ; Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever) ; Pneumonic Plague ; Control of Epidemics ; Quarantine ; International Health Regulations ; Travelling Medicine ; Tropical Diseases ; Emerging Diseases ; Public Health (Services) ; Civilian-Military Co-operation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary At present, the importation into Germany of life-threatening and highly contagious diseases such as pneumonic plague and Ebola is unlikely, but cannot be ruled out. In spite of the extreme rarity of these diseases, guidelines are necessary to prevent the spread of these agents in case of their importation. In Germany, marked regional differences exist with respect to the development of emergency regulations and the availability of specialized centers for diagnostics and therapy. A federal framework is missing. A concept is presented here in which the capacity to respond is substantially augmented with limited additional cost through inter-regional cooperation using existing infrastructure and federally standardized procedures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein Einschleppen lebensbedrohender und zugleich hochkontagiöser Infektionskrankheiten wie Lungenpest oder Ebola-Fieber nach Deutschland erscheint zur Zeit nicht sehr wahrscheinlich, ist aber grundsätzlich nicht auszuschließen. Gerade wegen der Seltenheit des Auftretens einer solchen Erkrankung sind jedoch auch hierzulande Handlungsrichtlinien notwendig, um gegebenenfalls einer Verbreitung entgegenzuwirken. Die Entwicklung konkreter Schutzvorkehrungen und Handlungsalgorithmen sowie das Vorhalten geeigneter Diagnostik- und Behandlungseinrichtungen ist in den einzelnen Regionen Deutschlands sehr unterschiedlich ausgeprägt. Ein bundesweiter Rahmenplan fehlt. Der vorliegende Konzeptentwurf zeigt, wie die Vorsorge mit vertretbarem finanziellen Mehraufwand durch eine gemeinsame überregionale Nutzung der z. T. vorhandenen Infrastruktur und durch eine Vereinbarung bundeseinheitlicher Vorgehensweisen wesentlich verbessert werden kann.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Tropenkrankheiten ; Virale hämorrhagische Fieber ; Lassa-Fieber ; Infektionsschutz ; Quarantäne ; BSL4 ; Seuchenhygiene ; Öffentliches Gesundheitswesen ; Rettungswesen ; Krankentransport ; Krankenpflege ; Schutzkleidung ; Kontaktpersonen ; Keywords Tropical Diseases ; Viral Haemorrhagic Fever ; Lassa-Fever ; Epidemic Control ; Preparedness Plans ; Quarantine ; BSL4 ; Patient Isolation ; Barrier Nursing ; Protective Equipment ; Contact Tracing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Patients infected with viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHF), pneumonic plague or zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections usually require intensive care and a special isolation. Contact persons must be traced and monitored. Last year our working group published a concept for the management and control of these life-threatening highly contagious diseases. Now the principles of our plan have been accepted. The development of guidelines for rapid reaction to those communicable diseases is an important task for all EU Member States. In Germany microbiological diagnosis is performed by a diagnostic centre (Biosafety-Level BSL4) and supported by a corresponding confirmation laboratory. At present four high security infectious disease units for patient care (HSIU) are available in Munich, Leipzig, Hamburg and Berlin. Another one located in Frankfurt will be functional by 2001. In addition to the HSIU a corresponding number of centres of competence shall be established in order to support and advise the hospitals initially treating the patients as well as the local public health officer. The risk categorisation for contact persons, which has been developed by our working group, has proved to be very useful in practice. Ambulances should be used for transfer of patients to the HSIU. So-called transport-isolators are not suitable for patients who are seriously ill. Air-based transport without using an isolator is a problem, since no decontamination procedure exists. As soon as the last HSIU in the Rhine Main area is working the centres of competence will be established. This will provide competent health care for VHF-patients and a convincing management for these kinds of threats to public health everywhere in Germany.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Verschiedene virusbedingte hämorrhagische Fieber (VHF), Pocken (humane Affenpocken) sowie Lungenpest erfordern besondere Maßnahmen zum Schutz des Krankenhauspersonals und anderer Personen vor Ansteckung. Kontaktpersonen müssen ermittelt und überwacht werden, um eine Ausbreitung zu verhindern. Ein im Mai 1999 veröffentlichtes Konzept zum Management und zur Kontrolle dieser lebensbedrohenden hochkontagiösen Infektionskrankheiten wurde inzwischen mit Fachöffentlichkeit und Gesundheitsbehörden diskutiert. Bei den zwischenzeitlich aufgetretenen Fällen bestätigte sich das vorgeschlagene Vorgehen : In Deutschland werden die mikrobiologische Diagnostik und Differentialdiagnostik zentral von einem Zentrum der biologischen Sicherheitsstufe BSL4 und einem entsprechenden Bestätigungslabor vorgenommen. Für Isolierung und klinische Behandlung der Patienten stehen vier Behandlungszentren zur Verfügung, ein fünftes soll im nächsten Jahr betriebsbereit sein. Die zunehmende Inanspruchnahme zeigt, dass sich die vorgesehene Schwerpunktversorgung durchsetzt. Handelsübliche Transportisolatoren sind für schwer kranke Personen nicht geeignet. Ohne deren Verwendung können Luftfahrzeuge jedoch nicht regelrecht dekontaminiert werden. Transporte sollen daher grundsätzlich auf dem Landweg erfolgen. Zur Unterstützung und Beratung der erstversorgenden Krankenhäuser und der örtlich zuständigen Amtsärzte sollen um die Behandlungszentren sog. Kompetenzzentren entstehen. Der Personal- und Platzbedarf bei der Versorgung eines an einem VHF Erkrankten in fortgeschrittenem Stadium ist höher als erwartet. Die adäquate Versorgung von Kranken in sog. Bettisolatoren ist nicht möglich. Routinelaboruntersuchungen müssen in der Behandlungseinheit erfolgen. Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung der Weiterverbreitung müssen stärker koordiniert werden. Die von uns vorgeschlagene Einteilung der Kontaktpersonen wird um eine Auflistung der empfohlenen Maßnahmen ergänzt.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 28 (1991), S. 405-409 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Nuclear transfer ; Pronuclear formation ; Glucosamine ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: These studies were undertaken to understand the biological basis of artificially induced activation of meiotic metaphase II oocytes and to develop a source of oocytes as recipients for cloning by nuclear transfer. In vitro matured porcine oocytes were pulsed with various voltages of electricity and evalulated for pronuclear formation. The percentage of eggs that activated was significantly greater for the higher voltages. The effect on activation of the temperature of the ovaries returning from the abattoir was evaluated and it was found that oocytes derived from ovaries returning at 29°C activated at lower rates (45.5%) than those returning at 36°C (78.9%). An experiment was designed to evaluate the pH of electroporation medium (EM) and the duration of exposure to EM on activation. Oocytes were placed in EM at various pHs for 5 minutes, pulsed, and immediately removed to TL-Hepes or allowed an additional 2 minutes in EM prior to rinsing in TL-Hepes. The results indicate an optimum activation rate at a pH of 7.0 and allowing the additional 2 minutes in EM. Additional glucosamine (5 mM) had no affect on development of the oocyte to metaphase but reduced the percent pronuclear formation from 61% and 47%. A final experiment evaluated the developmental competence of oocytes subjected to a optimum combination of the above treatments and illustrated that a significant portion of the activated oocytes can show limited signs of cleavage. Thus in vitro matured pig oocytes can be induced to activate at high rates.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 34 (1993), S. 250-254 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Zwitterionic amino acids ; Oocytes ; Blastocysts ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Amino acid transport is facilitated by specific transporters within the plasma membrane of the cell. In mouse oocytes and cleavage-stage conceptus Na+-dependent L-alanine and L-leucine transport are nearly undetectable. Sodium-dependent transport via system BO,+ in the mouse conceptus increases greatly between the 8-cell and blastocyst stages. By contrast, data presented here for the pig show that L-alanine and L-leucine transport is mainly Na+-dependent in the oocyte; this Na+-dependent component of transport becomes undetectable by the blastocyst stage. The Na+-dependent component of transport in oocytes is inhibited by BCH (2-aminoendo-bicyclo[2.2.1] hexane-2-carboxylic acid) and L-lysine and thus could be a form of system BO,+. In both oocytes and blastocysts Na+-independent L-leucine transport is inhibited by BCH, which is consistent with the presence of system L. The dramatic decrease in Na+-dependent amino acid transport activity could occur in pig conceptuses in association with the onset of RNA synthesis during the 4-cell stage. Regardless of the precise time during development at which it occurs, however, this dramatic, developmentally regulated decrease in Na+-dependent alanine and leucine transport activity contrasts sharply with the large increase in Na+-dependent system BO,+ activity that occurs during preimplantation development of murine conceptuses. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which these changes occur should contribute to an understanding of regulation of gene expression during early development. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 36 (1993), S. 49-52 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Amino acid transport ; L-aspartate ; Gene expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Amino acid transport is facilitated by specific transporters within the plasma membrane of the cell. Mediated Na+-independent transport of L-glutamate can be easily detected in mouse oocytes, but it is nearly undetectable in blastocyst-stage embryos. In contrast, the Na+-dependent transport of L-aspartate is not detectable in oocytes, but it is detectable in eight-cell embryos and reaches relatively high levels by the blastocyst stage. It is believed that the amino acid transporters responsible are systems x-c and X-AG, respectively. Here we report the detection of Na+-dependent L-aspartate transport, which increased as pig blastocysts developed, although Na+-dependent aspartate transport was not detected in pig oocytes. Mediated Na+-independent L-glutamate transport was not detected in pig oocytes, in contrast to the mouse, nor in early or hatched pig blastocysts. Thus, while the developmental regulation of system X-AG is similar in both the pig and the mouse, system x-c was not detectable in pig oocytes or blastocysts. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms controlling amino acid transport and other gene expression in early embryos should contribute to an understanding of whether and even why some aspects of developmental regulation of gene expression may need to differ among species. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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