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  • Catalepsy  (2)
  • stereotypy  (2)
Document type
Publisher
Years
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Amino acids 1 (1991), S. 225-237 
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Catalepsy ; Movement initiation ; NMDA antagonists ; Glycine ; Parkinson's disease ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anticataleptic effects of non-competitive and competitive NMDA antagonists as well as those of an agonist at the allosteric glycine binding site of the NMDA receptor were tested in the catalepsy model. Some of these drugs were further tested in a reaction time task demanding rapid locomotor initiation. The results show that the non-competitive NMDA antagonists dizocilpine and memantine as well as the competitive antagonists CGP 39551, CGP 37849 and CPPene antagonized dopamine D2 receptor mediated catalepsy induced by haloperidol. D-cycloserine, a partial glycine agonist per se had no effects, but it enhanced the anticataleptic effects of dizocilpine when coadministered. However, the effects of CGP 37849 were abolished. Dopamine D1 receptor mediated catalepsy induced by SCH 23390 was antagonized by dizocilpine, memantine, CPPene, but not by CGP 37849. In the reaction time task dizocilpine, memantine and CGP 37849 were tested for their anti-akinetic and anti-bradykinetic potencies. All these compounds improved haloperidolinduced slowing of reaction time. However, they acted differentially on haloperidol-induced slowing of movement execution and decreased initial acceleration. Thus, antagonists at the NMDA receptor may have a therapeutic potential in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Their potency can be manipulated specifically at the glycine binding site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: NMDA receptor ; locomotion ; catalepsy ; stereotypy ; rat ; CGP 37849 ; dizocilpine (MK-801) ; glycine ; D-cycloserine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of competitive (CGP 37849 and CGP 39551) and noncompetitive (dizocilpine) N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists were tested in three animal models (catalepsy, sniffing, locomotion) and, in addition, the modulation of these effects by an agonist of the strychnine-insensitive glycine binding site was investigated. Both competitive and non-competitive NMDA antagonists reduced neuroleptic-induced catalepsy. Weak sniffing was induced by the competitive antagonist but strong sniffing by the non-competitive NMDA antagonist. Due to muscle relaxation the competitive antagonist reduced locomotion, in contrast to stimulation of locomotor activity induced by the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist. The glycine agonist (D-cycloserine) potentiated the effects of the non-competitive but antagonized those of the competitive NMDA antagonist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 94 (1993), S. 103-114 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Catalepsy ; spontaneous locomotor activity ; quinolinic acid ; haloperidol ; lateral caudate-putamen ; medial caudate-putamen ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Discrete lesions in the medial or lateral subregion of the rostral caudate-putamen (CP) were induced by bilateral intracerebral injections of a low dose of quinolinic acid (30 nmol in 1 μl/per side) in rats. Quinolinic acid lesions in the lateral CP potently reversed haloperidol-induced catalepsy (0.5 mg/ kg,i.p.), while lesions in the medial CP were not effective. Spontaneous locomotor activity was not altered significantly after quinolinic acid lesions of either the medial or lateral CP. These results show that the lateral CP seems to be important for the expression of neuroleptic-induced catalepsy and thus further corroborate the concept of a functional heterogenity of the striatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 81 (1990), S. 173-182 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: NMDA-receptor ; MK-801 ; haloperidol ; clozapine ; stereotypy ; sniffing ; locomotion ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary MK-801 [(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydroxy-5H-dibenzo-(a,d)cyclo-hepten-5, 10-imine hydrogen maleate], which blocks glutamatergic transmission at the NMDA-receptor-gated ion chanel, induced stereotypies which are similar to those found after intrastriatal injections of AP-5, e.g. sniffing and locomotion. Tests in familiar or unfamiliar environment (non-stressful or stressful situation) did not qualitatively change MK-801-induced effects. Haloperidol (0.1mg/kg, IP) delayed the onset and shortened the duration of MK-801 (0.16; 0.33mg/ kg, IP)-induced stereotypy whereas clozapine (5 mg/kg, SC) potently antagonized it. However, exact quantification of sniffing, measured in an experimental chamber designed for this purpose, revealed an antagonism by both drugs, haloperidol as well as clozapine. Stereotypy is considered to represent an animal model of schizophrenia, and the antagonism of stereotypy with classical (haloperidol) as well as with atypical (clozapine) antipsychotic drugs is in accordance with the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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