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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-10-22
    Description: Palaeoecological records are required to test ecological hypotheses necessary for conservation strategies asshort-term observations can insufficiently capture natural variability and identify drivers of biotic change. Here, we demonstrate the importance of an integrated conservationpalaeobiology approach when making validated decisions for conservation and mitigating action. Our model system isthe Razim–Sinoie lake complex (RSL) in the Danube Delta (Black Sea coast, Romania), a dynamic coastal lake system hosting unique Pontocaspian mollusc species that are now severely under threat. The Pontocaspians refer to an endemic species group that evolved in the Black Sea and Caspian Sea basins under reduced salinity settings over the past few million years. The natural, pre-industrial RSL contained a salinity gradient from fresh to mesohaline (18 ppm) until human intervention reduced the inflow of mesohaline Black Sea water into the lake system. We reconstruct the evolution of the RSL over the past 2000 years from integrated sedimentary facies and faunal analyses based on 11 age-dated sediment cores and investigate the response ofmollusc species and communities to those past environmental changes. Three species associations (“marine”, “Ponto-caspian” and “freshwater”) exist and their spatio-temporal shifts through the system are documented. Variable salinity gradients developed, with marine settings (and faunas) dominating in the southern part of the system and freshwater conditions (and faunas) in the northern and western parts. Pontocaspian species have mostly occurred in the centre of the RSL within the marine–freshwater salinity gradient. Today, freshwater species dominate the entire system, and only a single Pontocaspian species (Monodacna colorata) is found alive. We show that the human-induced reduced marine ininfluence in the system has been a major driver of the decline of the endemic Pontocaspian biota. It urges improved conservation action by re-establishing a salinity gradient in the lake system to preserve these unique species.
    Keywords: Aral Sea ; bivalves ; Black Sea ; Caspian Sea ; conservation ; gastropods ; nomenclature ; taxonomy ; Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions ; Action: H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014 ; PRIDE ; Grant agreement no: 642973
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-10-22
    Description: Defining and recording the loss of species diversity is a daunting task, especially if identities of species under threat are not fully resolved. An example is the Pontocaspian biota. The mostly endemic invertebrate faunas that evolved in the Black Sea – Caspian Sea – Aral Sea region and live under variable salinity conditions are undergoing strong change, yet within several groups species boundaries are not well established. Collection efforts in the past decade have failed to produce living material of various species groups whose taxonomic status is unclear. This lack of data precludes an integrated taxonomic assessment to clarify species identities and estimate species richness of Pontocaspian biota combining morphological, ecological, genetic, and distribution data. In this paper, we present an expert-working list of Pontocaspian and invasive mollusc species associated to Pontocaspian habitats. This list is based on published and unpublished data on morphology, ecology, anatomy, and molecular biology. It allows us to (1) document Pontocaspian mollusc species, (2) make species richness estimates, and (3) identify and discuss taxonomic uncertainties. The endemic Pontocaspian mollusc species richness is estimated between 55 and 99 species, but there are several groups that may harbour cryptic species. Even though the conservation status of most of the species is not assessed or data deficient, our observations point to deterioration for many of the Pontocaspian species.
    Keywords: Aral Sea ; bivalves ; Black Sea ; Caspian Sea ; conservation ; gastropods ; nomenclature ; taxonomy ; Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions ; Action: H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014 ; PRIDE ; Grant agreement no: 642973
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-10-22
    Description: The sedimentary record of the Caspian Basin is an exceptional archive for the palaeoenvironmental, palaeoclimatic and biodiversity changes of continental Eurasia. During the Pliocene-Pleistocene, the Caspian Basin was mostly isolated but experienced large lake level fluctuations and short episodes of connection with the open ocean as well as the Black Sea Basin. A series of turnover events shaped a faunal record that forms the backbone of the Caspian geological time scale. The precise ages of these events are still highly debated, mostly due to the lack of well-dated sections. Here, we provide an integrated magneto-biostratigraphic age model for two sections from the Kura Basin e Goychay and Hajigabul. Our results reveal several major intervals with elevated salinity, associated with mesohaline faunas, and propose the following age constraints: 1) The Productive Series-Akchagylian boundary is marked by a marine transgression from the open ocean that occurred around the Gauss-Matuyama reversal (~2.7e2.6 Ma); 2) The Akchagylian-Apsheronian transition is characterized by a regression event and introduction of a new, “Pontocaspian” mollusc assemblage, dated within the Reunion subchron (~2.13 Ma). The ostracod assemblages of the two sections do not show a major faunal turnover here; 3) The early Bakunian transgression occurs after the upper Apsheronian lowstand (0.85e0.83 Ma). We conclude that major transitions in the age-indicative mollusc groups sometimes occur at different time intervals (i.e. diachronic) and are highly depended on the local depositional environments. A highresolution interdisciplinary approach on sections outside the Kura Basin is required to better understand the potential diachroneity of these turnover events in the entire Caspian Basin.
    Keywords: Early - Middle Pleistocene ; Caspian Sea ; Magnetostratigraphy ; Biostratigraphy ; Akchagylian ; Apsheronian ; Bakunian ; Kura Basin ; Mollusc fauna ; Ostracods ; Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions ; Action: H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014 ; PRIDE ; Grant agreement no: 642973
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Defining and recording the loss of species diversity is a daunting task, especially if identities of species under threat are not fully resolved. An example is the Pontocaspian biota. The mostly endemic invertebrate faunas that evolved in the Black Sea \xe2\x80\x93 Caspian Sea \xe2\x80\x93 Aral Sea region and live under variable salinity conditions are undergoing strong change, yet within several groups species boundaries are not well established. Collection efforts in the past decade have failed to produce living material of various species groups whose taxonomic status is unclear. This lack of data precludes an integrated taxonomic assessment to clarify species identities and estimate species richness of Pontocaspian biota combining morphological, ecological, genetic, and distribution data. In this paper, we present an expert-working list of Pontocaspian and invasive mollusc species associated to Pontocaspian habitats. This list is based on published and unpublished data on morphology, ecology, anatomy, and molecular biology. It allows us to (1) document Pontocaspian mollusc species, (2) make species richness estimates, and (3) identify and discuss taxonomic uncertainties. The endemic Pontocaspian mollusc species richness is estimated between 55 and 99 species, but there are several groups that may harbour cryptic species. Even though the conservation status of most of the species is not assessed or data deficient, our observations point to deterioration for many of the Pontocaspian species.
    Keywords: Aral Sea ; bivalves ; Black Sea ; Caspian Sea ; conservation ; gastropods ; nomenclature ; taxonomy ; Marie Sk\xc5\x82odowska-Curie Actions ; Action: H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014 ; PRIDE ; Grant agreement no: 642973
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The sedimentary record of the Caspian Basin is an exceptional archive for the palaeoenvironmental, palaeoclimatic and biodiversity changes of continental Eurasia. During the Pliocene-Pleistocene, the Caspian Basin was mostly isolated but experienced large lake level fluctuations and short episodes of connection with the open ocean as well as the Black Sea Basin. A series of turnover events shaped a faunal record that forms the backbone of the Caspian geological time scale. The precise ages of these events are still highly debated, mostly due to the lack of well-dated sections. Here, we provide an integrated magneto-biostratigraphic age model for two sections from the Kura Basin e Goychay and Hajigabul. Our results reveal several major intervals with elevated salinity, associated with mesohaline faunas, and propose the following age constraints: 1) The Productive Series-Akchagylian boundary is marked by a marine transgression from the open ocean that occurred around the Gauss-Matuyama reversal (~2.7e2.6 Ma); 2) The Akchagylian-Apsheronian transition is characterized by a regression event and introduction of a new, \xe2\x80\x9cPontocaspian\xe2\x80\x9d mollusc assemblage, dated within the Reunion subchron (~2.13 Ma). The ostracod assemblages of the two sections do not show a major faunal turnover here; 3) The early Bakunian transgression occurs after the upper Apsheronian lowstand (0.85e0.83 Ma). We conclude that major transitions in the age-indicative mollusc groups sometimes occur at different time intervals (i.e. diachronic) and are highly depended on the local depositional environments. A highresolution\ninterdisciplinary approach on sections outside the Kura Basin is required to better understand the potential diachroneity of these turnover events in the entire Caspian Basin.
    Keywords: Early - Middle Pleistocene ; Caspian Sea ; Magnetostratigraphy ; Biostratigraphy ; Akchagylian ; Apsheronian ; Bakunian ; Kura Basin ; Mollusc fauna ; Ostracods ; Marie Sk\xc5\x82odowska-Curie Actions ; Action: H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014 ; PRIDE ; Grant agreement no: 642973
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Palaeoecological records are required to test ecological hypotheses necessary for conservation strategies asshort-term observations can insufficiently capture natural variability and identify drivers of biotic change. Here, we demonstrate the importance of an integrated conservationpalaeobiology approach when making validated decisions for conservation and mitigating action. Our model system isthe Razim\xe2\x80\x93Sinoie lake complex (RSL) in the Danube Delta (Black Sea coast, Romania), a dynamic coastal lake system hosting unique Pontocaspian mollusc species that are now severely under threat. The Pontocaspians refer to an endemic species group that evolved in the Black Sea and Caspian Sea basins under reduced salinity settings over the past few million years. The natural, pre-industrial RSL contained a salinity gradient from fresh to mesohaline (18 ppm) until human intervention reduced the inflow of mesohaline Black Sea water into the lake system. We reconstruct the evolution of the RSL over the past 2000 years from integrated sedimentary facies and faunal analyses based on 11 age-dated sediment cores and investigate the response ofmollusc species and communities to those past environmental changes. Three species associations (\xe2\x80\x9cmarine\xe2\x80\x9d, \xe2\x80\x9cPonto-caspian\xe2\x80\x9d and \xe2\x80\x9cfreshwater\xe2\x80\x9d) exist and their spatio-temporal shifts through the system are documented. Variable salinity gradients developed, with marine settings (and faunas) dominating in the southern part of the system and freshwater conditions (and faunas) in the northern and western parts. Pontocaspian species have mostly occurred in the centre of the RSL within the marine\xe2\x80\x93freshwater salinity gradient. Today, freshwater species dominate the entire system, and only a single Pontocaspian species (Monodacna colorata) is found alive. We show that the human-induced reduced marine ininfluence in the system has been a major driver of the decline of the endemic Pontocaspian biota. It urges improved conservation action by re-establishing a salinity gradient in the lake system to preserve these unique species.
    Keywords: Aral Sea ; bivalves ; Black Sea ; Caspian Sea ; conservation ; gastropods ; nomenclature ; taxonomy ; Marie Sk\xc5\x82odowska-Curie Actions ; Action: H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014 ; PRIDE ; Grant agreement no: 642973
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The Pontocaspian (Black Sea - Caspian Sea) region has a very dynamic history of basin development and biotic evolution. The region is the remnant of a once vast Paratethys Sea. It contains some of the best Eurasian geological records of tectonic, climatic and paleoenvironmental change. The Pliocene-Quaternary co-evolution of the Black Sea-Caspian Sea is dominated by major changes in water (lake and sea) levels resulting in a pulsating system of connected and isolated basins. Understanding the history of the region, including the drivers of lake level and faunal evolution, is hampered by indistinct stratigraphic nomenclature and contradicting time constraints for regional sedimentary successions. In this paper we review and update the late Pliocene to Quaternary stratigraphic framework of the Pontocaspian domain, focusing on the Black Sea Basin, Caspian Basin, Marmara Sea and the terrestrial environments surrounding these large, mostly endorheic lake-sea systems.
    Keywords: Back Sea ; Caspian Sea ; Parathethys Sea ; Pliocene ; Quaternary ; co-evolution ; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions ; Action: H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014 ; PRIDE ; Grant agreement no: 642973
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: PRIDE (Drivers of Biodiversity RIse and DEmise) is an EU funded Innovative Training Network (ITN) that trains 15 early stage researchers (ESRs) over a period of 4 years. We study the evolution of unique Pontocaspian lake biota (molluscs, ostracods and dinoflagellates) in the Caspian Sea-Black Sea region integrating climate, geology and biological approaches. Effective and efficient outreach is an integral part of the PRIDE ITN that engaged all ESRs in the formulation of this plan. The result is an outreach plan that identified stakeholder target groups, developed an outreach strategy and describes pilot studies proposed by ESRs. This document will be at the basis of all outreach activities by program participants for the period 2016-2019. This document was approved by the Supervisory Board and the Scientific Advisory Board in October 2016. “To raise awareness of the unique and diverse Pontocaspian biota, to understand their role in ecosystems and to mitigate their demise” is the main message of the PRIDE programme. The Pontocaspian area has a unique and spectacular geological history that has produced an abundance of endemic Pontocaspian biota (molluscs, ostracods and dinoflagellates) over millions of years. Some of them survive today, but many have also gone extinct as results of natural but dramatic changes in their environment. At present, these unique endemic biota are threatened by anthropogenic factors of pollution, aquatic infrastructures, fisheries, climate change, invasive species, etc. This is causing extinctions right now and what will remain is an impoverished fauna. An impoverished fauna is more vulnerable to catastrophic events, i.e. one disease can decimate entire populations. This is not only a problem for the mollusc fauna, but also the food chain as a whole. One disastrous event can have a cascading effect through the entire food pyramid. Therefore it is of the utmost importance to understand, protect and conserve the diversity of the Pontocaspian fauna. For each of five stakeholder groups the PRIDE project has developed specific messages and devised appropriate means to reach out at different levels of engagement. The first stakeholder group represents the scientific community including scientist and employees at academia, governmental and non-governmental organisations in the Pontocaspian region that will be reached through our partner institutes and associated partners, but PRIDE is also open to further participation with the wider scientific community. PRIDE will reach out to the general public, the EU and ‘Pontocaspian’ citizens with an interest in nature conservation through communication of the main PRIDE message, and with a more detailed approach towards organisations and citizens in the coastal areas of the Danube delta in both Romania and Ukraine. Additionally, two specific stakeholder groups were identified, namely port authorities in the Caspian Sea (for the so-called green port agenda) and the mollusc specialist group of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in order to seek wider impact of our work on threatened Pontocaspian biota. The PRIDE outreach program uses three online tools to support its outreach activities: the PRIDE project website http://pontocaspian.eu/), the Pontocaspian taxonomic platform (PC-TAX - http://mollusca.myspecies.info/) and the interactive Pontocaspian information system (PC-IS – to be launched in 2018). This outreach plan outlines our activities for the remainder of the PRIDE program (2016-2019). This version has been discussed with ESRs and external experts in Reading (August 2016) and has been approved by the Supervisory Board and the Scientific Advisory Board (November 2016). MSCA-ITN-2014-ETN, grant agreement no 642973
    Keywords: Caspian Sea ; Pontocaspian lake biota ; molluscs ; ostracods ; dinoflagellates
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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