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  • Chemistry  (4)
  • Brain -- Anatomy.  (2)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge :Cambridge University Press,
    Keywords: Brain -- Anatomy. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: This new edition of The Brain and Behavior retains the core aim of the previous successful edition, and provides an accessible introduction to behavioral neuroanatomy. The text is presented in a highly structured and organised format to help distinguish between issues of anatomical, behavioural and physiological relevance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (283 pages)
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    ISBN: 9780511200571
    DDC: 612.8/2
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- References -- 1 Introduction -- Major subdivisions -- Common terms -- The ventricular system -- Clinical vignette -- References -- 2 Gross anatomy of the brain -- Brainstem -- Medulla -- Pons -- Midbrain -- Clinical vignette -- Cerebellum -- Cerebrum -- Vasculature -- Electroencephalogram -- Meninges -- References -- 3 Histology -- Anatomy and behavioral considerations -- The neuron -- Axon -- Dendrites -- Neuron cell membrane -- Synapse -- Receptors and receptor mechanisms -- Neurotransmitter removal -- Neurotransmitters -- Amino acid neurotransmitters -- Monoaminergic neurotransmitters -- Acetylcholine -- Biogenic amines (catecholamines) -- Dopamine -- Norepinephrine and epinephrine -- Serotonin -- Neuroactive peptide neurotransmitters -- Neuroglia -- Myelin -- Astrocytes -- Microglia -- Select bibliography -- References -- 4 Occipital and parietal lobes -- Occipital lobe -- Anatomy and behavioral considerations -- Primary visual cortex (BA 17) -- Secondary and tertiary visual cortex (BA 18 and 19) -- Parietal lobe -- Anatomy and behavioral considerations -- Primary somesthetic cortex -- Superior parietal lobule -- Inferior parietal lobule -- Other symptoms -- Select bibliography -- References -- 5 Temporal lobe - neocortical structures -- Anatomy and behavioral considerations -- Clinical vignette -- Clinical vignette -- Superior and middle temporal gyrus -- Auditory cortex -- Temporal association areas -- Clinical vignette -- Clinical vignette -- Inferior temporal and fusiform gyrus -- Clinical vignette -- Further behavioral considerations -- The insula -- Select bibliography -- References -- 6 Frontal lobe -- Anatomical subdivisions -- Motor cortex -- Primary motor cortex -- Premotor cortex -- Clinical vignette -- Supplementary motor area -- Clinical vignette. , Clinical vignette -- Frontal eye fields -- Broca's speech area -- Prefrontal cortex -- Orbital prefrontal cortex -- Clinical vignette -- Clinical vignette -- The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPC) -- Clinical vignette -- Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex -- Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex -- Neurotransmitters in the prefrontal cortex -- Select bibliography -- References -- 7 Basal ganglia -- Anatomy and behavioral considerations -- Dorsal striatopallidum and associated nuclei -- Dorsal striatum (neostriatum) -- Huntington's disease -- Obsessive-compulsive disorder -- Tourette's syndrome -- Other -- Dorsal pallidum (paleostriatum) -- Subthalamic nucleus (subthalamus) -- Substantia nigra -- Connections of the dorsal striatopallidal system (skeletomotor circuit) -- Parallel circuits -- Skeletomotor circuit -- Direct pathway -- Indirect pathway -- Oculomotor circuit -- Association circuit -- Hyperkinetic movement disorders -- Hypokinetic movement disorders -- Ventral striatopallidum and associated nuclei -- Nucleus accumbens -- Basal nucleus (of Meynert) -- Ventral tegmental area -- Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus -- Connections of the ventral striatopallidal system (limbic circuit) -- Further behavioral notes -- Select bibliography -- References -- 8 Diencephalon: hypothalamus and epithalamus -- Hypothalamus -- Anatomical and behavioral considerations -- Preoptic hypothalamic area -- The periventricular hypothalamic zone -- The medial hypothalamic zone -- Supraoptic region -- Tuberal region -- Clinical vignette -- Lateral hypothalamic zone and medial forebrain bundle -- Connections of the hypothalamus -- Incoming -- Clinical vignette -- Outgoing -- Further behavioral considerations -- Clinical vignette -- Epithalamus -- Pineal (epiphysis) -- Habenula -- Lateral habenular nucleus -- Medial habenular nucleus -- Select bibliography -- References. , 9 Diencephalon: thalamus -- Anatomy and behavioral considerations -- Thalamic nuclei -- Anterior thalamic nuclei -- Midline and medial nuclei -- Ventral thalamic nuclei -- Clinical vignette -- Lateral thalamic nuclei -- Medial and lateral geniculate bodies -- Reticular nucleus -- Intralaminar nuclei -- Limbic thalamus -- Further behavioral considerations -- Select bibliography -- References -- 10 Brainstem -- Anatomy and behavioral considerations -- Reticular formation -- Parabrachial nucleus -- Clinical vignette -- Raphe nuclei -- Clinical vignette -- Periaqueductal gray -- Locus ceruleus and lateral tegmental nucleus -- Select bibliography -- References -- 11 Limbic system: temporal lobe -- Hippocampal formation -- Clinical vignette -- Clinical vignette -- Clinical vignette -- Amygdala -- Lateral nuclei -- Medial nuclei -- Central nucleus -- Functional and behavioral considerations -- Clinical vignette -- Uncus -- Schizophrenia -- Panic disorder -- Select bibliography -- References -- 12 Limbic system: cingulate cortex -- Anatomy and behavioral considerations -- Anterior cingulate cortex -- Visceromotor control -- Skeletomotor control -- Nociception (pain) -- Social interactions -- Memory -- Clinical vignette -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Case 3 -- Posterior cingulate cortex -- Connections of the cingulate cortex -- Behavioral disorders and neurosurgery -- Akinetic mutism -- Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) -- Obsessive-compulsive disorder -- Schizophrenia -- Depression -- Cingulate cortex seizures -- Select bibliography -- References -- 13 Limbic system: overview -- Anatomy -- Olfactory structures -- The hippocampal formation and related structures -- The parahippocampal gyrus -- The hippocampal formation -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Amygdaloid nuclear complex -- Behavioral considerations -- Hippocampal formation and related structures. , Septal nuclei and nucleus accumbens -- Amygdala and related structures -- Further behavioral considerations -- Kluver-Bucy syndrome -- Temporal lobe epilepsy -- Other considerations -- Select bibliography -- References -- 14 Interhemispheric connections and laterality -- Interhemispheric communication -- Corpus callosum -- Anterior commissure -- Hippocampal commissure -- Supraoptic commissure -- Habenular commissure -- Posterior commissure -- Hemispheric specialization -- Left hemisphere -- Right hemisphere -- Lobular specializations -- Occipitoparietal lobe -- Temporal lobe -- Frontal lobe -- Subcortical regions -- Select bibliography -- References -- Index.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge :Cambridge University Press,
    Keywords: Brain -- Anatomy. ; Neuropsychology. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is an introduction to neuroanatomy from a behavioural perspective. Now in its third edition, this highly successful text has been extensively revised to include new areas of fMRI research. This is essential reading for psychiatrists, neuropsychiatrists, neurologists, psychologists and neuroscientists.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (256 pages)
    Edition: 3rd ed.
    ISBN: 9780511773631
    DDC: 612.8/2
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface to the second edition -- References -- Preface to the third edition -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Major subdivisions -- Common terms -- Ventricular system -- References -- Chapter 2 Gross anatomy of the brain -- Introduction -- Brainstem -- Medulla -- Pons -- Midbrain -- Cerebellum -- Cerebrum -- Vasculature -- Electroencephalogram -- Meninges -- Sexual dimorphism and aging -- References -- Chapter 3 Histology -- Introduction -- The neuron -- Neuron cell membrane -- Dendrites -- Axon -- Synapse -- Receptors and receptor mechanisms -- Neurotransmitter removal -- Neurotransmitters -- Acetylcholine -- Glutamate -- gamma-Aminobutyric acid -- Glycine -- Norepinephrine -- Dopamine -- Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) -- Histamine -- Adenosine -- Neuroactive peptide neurotransmitters -- Excitotoxicity -- Neuroglia -- Oligodendroglial cell -- Astrocyte -- Microglia -- Other proteins -- Cadherins -- Cytokines -- Select bibliography -- References -- Chapter 4 Occipital and parietal lobes -- Occipital lobe -- Functional anatomy -- Prary visual cortex (BA 17 -- V1 -- striate cortex) -- Secondary and tertiary visual cortex (BA 18 and BA 19) -- Parallel visual pathways -- Behavioral considerations -- Schizophrenia -- Hallucinations -- Visual agnosia -- Blindsight -- Anxiety disorder -- Charles Bonnet syndrome -- Other behavioral considerations -- Parietal lobe -- Functional anatomy -- Primary somatosensory cortex (SI) -- Secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) and the parietal operculum -- Superior parietal lobule -- Precuneus -- Consciousness -- Body movements in space -- Episodic memory retrieval -- Self-awareness -- Intraparietal sulcus -- Lateral intraparietal area (parietal saccade region) -- Medial intraparietal area (parietal reach region). , Anterior intraparietal area (parietal reach and grasp region) -- Ventral intraparietal area (navigation in space) -- Posterior intraparietal area (three-dimensional analysis) -- Inferior parietal lobule -- Behavioral considerations -- Schizophrenia -- Attention -- Spatial neglect -- Optic ataxia -- Apraxia -- Gerstmann syndrome -- Balint syndrome -- Other considerations -- Select bibliography -- References -- Chapter 5 Temporal lobe: Neocortical structures -- Functional anatomy -- Auditory areas -- Heschl's gyrus (primary auditory area -- BA 41) -- Auditory association area (BA 42) -- Planum temporale -- Superior temporal gyrus and superior temporal sulcus -- Temporal association areas -- Fusiform gyrus and fusiform face area -- Temporal pole and theory-of-mind -- Temporoparietal junction and the social brain -- Insula -- Anterior insula -- Posterior insula -- Behavioral considerations -- Schizophrenia -- Depression -- Reduplicative paramnesia -- Seizures -- Receptive aphasia -- Autoscopic phenomena -- Autism -- Dyslexia -- Prosopagnosia -- Stuttering -- Other behavioral considerations -- Select bibliography -- References -- Chapter 6 Frontal lobe -- Introduction -- Subdivisions of the frontal lobe -- Motor cortex -- Primary motor cortex -- Premotor cortex -- Mirror neurons -- Supplementary motor area and supplementary motor complex -- Frontal eye field -- Saccade eye movements -- Saccade eye movements -- Broca's speech area -- Prefrontal cortex -- Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex -- Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex -- Orbitofrontal cortex -- Medial prefrontal cortex, default brain network, and the social brain -- Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex -- Ventromedial prefrontal cortex -- Prefrontal networks -- Behavioral considerations -- Other behavioral considerations -- Schizophrenia -- Depression -- Bipolar disorder -- Obsessive-compulsive disorder. , Posttraumatic stress disorder -- Borderline personality disorder -- Autism spectrum disorders -- Frontotemporal dementia -- Seizures -- Miscellaneous conditions -- Select bibliography -- References -- Chapter 7 Basal ganglia -- Introduction -- Dorsal striatopallidum and associated nuclei -- Neostriatum (dorsal striatum) -- Dorsal pallidum (paleostriatum) -- Subthalamic nucleus (subthalamus) -- Substantia nigra -- Connections of the dorsal striatopallidal system (skeletomotor circuit) -- Parallel circuits -- Skeletomotor circuit -- Direct pathway -- Indirect pathway -- Oculomotor circuit -- Association circuit -- Ventral striatopallidum and -- Ventral striatum (limbic striatum) -- Nucleus accumbens -- Ventral pallidum -- Basal nucleus (of Meynert) -- Ventral tegmental area -- Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus -- Connections of the ventral striatopallidal system (limbic circuit) -- Deep brain stimulation -- Behavioral considerations -- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) -- Tourette syndrome -- Hyperkinetic movement disorders -- Hypokinetic movement disorders -- Huntington disease -- Other behavioral considerations -- Select bibliography -- References -- Chapter 8 Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and epithalamus -- Hypothalamus -- Anatomy and behavioral considerations -- Preoptic hypothalamic area -- Periventricular hypothalamic zone -- Medial hypothalamic zone -- Supraoptic region -- Tuberal region -- Lateral hypothalamic zone and medial forebrain bundle -- Connections of the hypothalamus -- Inputs -- Outputs -- Other behavioral considerations -- Epithalamus -- Pineal (epiphysis) -- Habenula -- Lateral habenular nucleus -- Medial habenular nucleus -- Select bibliography -- References -- Chapter 9 Diencephalon: Thalamus -- Introduction -- Anatomy and behavioral considerations -- Thalamic nuclei -- Anterior thalamic nuclei -- Midline and medial nuclei. , Ventral thalamic nuclei -- Lateral thalamic nuclei -- Medial and lateral geniculate bodies -- Reticular nucleus -- Intralaminar nuclei -- Limbic thalamus -- Other behavioral considerations -- Select bibliography -- References -- Chapter 10 Brainstem -- Introduction -- Anatomy and behavioral considerations -- Reticular formation -- Parabrachial nucleus -- Raphe nuclei -- Periaqueductal gray -- Locus ceruleus and lateral tegmental nucleus -- Inferior olive -- Select bibliography -- References -- Chapter 11 Limbic system: Temporal lobe -- Anatomy -- Hippocampal formation -- Amygdala -- Lateral (basolateral) nuclei -- Medial nuclei -- Central nucleus -- Uncus -- Functional and behavioral considerations -- Neurogenesis -- Schizophrenia -- Depression/bipolar disorder -- Posttraumatic stress disorder -- Borderline personality disorder -- Autism -- Panic disorder -- Select bibliography -- References -- Chapter 12 Limbic system: Cingulate cortex -- Introduction -- Anatomy and behavioral considerations -- Anterior cingulate cortex -- Pregenual anterior cingulate cortex -- Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex -- Midcingulate cortex -- Posterior cingulate cortex -- Retrosplenial cortex (RSC) -- Cingulum -- Nociception (pain) -- Social interactions -- Connections of the cingulate cortex -- Behavioral disorders and neurosurgery -- Schizophrenia -- Depression and bipolar disorder -- Obsessive-compulsive disorder -- Posttraumatic stress disorder -- Akinetic mutism -- Tourette syndrome -- Cingulate cortex seizures -- Select bibliography -- References -- Chapter 13 Limbic system: Overview -- Introduction -- Anatomy -- Olfactory structures -- Hippocampal formation and related structures -- Parahippocampal gyrus -- Hippocampal formation -- Septal nuclei and nucleus accumbens -- Amygdala -- Behavioral considerations -- Hippocampal formation and related structures. , Septal nuclei and nucleus accumbens -- Amygdala and related structures -- Other behavioral considerations -- Kluver-Bucy syndrome -- Temporal lobe epilepsy -- Other behavioral considerations -- Select bibliography -- References -- Chapter 14 Interhemispheric connections and laterality -- Introduction -- Interhemispheric communication -- Corpus callosum -- Anterior commissure -- Hippocampal commissure -- Supraoptic commissure -- Habenular commissure -- Posterior commissure -- Hemispheric specialization -- Left hemisphere -- Right hemisphere -- Lobular specializations -- Occipitoparietal lobe -- Temporal lobe -- Frontal lobe -- Subcortical regions -- Select bibliography -- References -- Index.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alkoxid- und Carbonylliganden ergänzen sich in ihren π-Wechselwirkungen mit Übergansgsmetallen, weil Alkoxidliganden als π-Donoren durch Elektronenübertragung in leere dπ-Orbitale frühe Übergangsmetalle in hohen Oxidationsstufen und Carbonylliganden als π-Acceptoren durch Elektronenaufnahme aus besetzten dπ-Orbitalen späte Übergangsmetalle in niedrigen Oxidationsstufen stabilisieren. Beide Liganden fungieren ohne weiteres als Brückenliganden über M-M-Bindungen. In Lösung sind Fluktuationen zwischen terminalen und Brückenpositionen sowohl für Alkoxid- als auch für Carbonylliganden üblich. Die Fragmente [W(OR)3], [CpW(CO)2], [Co(CO)3] und CH sind isolobal, also sind auch die Verbindungen [(RO)3 W ≡ W(OR)3], [Cp(CO)2 W ≡ W(CO)2 CP], das hypothetische [(CO)3 Co ≡ Co(Co)3] und HC ≡ CH isolobal. Alkoxid- und Carbonylcluster zeigen oft verblüffende Ähnlichkeiten bei der Bindung von Substraten, z.B. [W3(μ3-CR)(OR′)9] und [Co3(μ3-CR)(CO)9] sowie [W4(C)(NMe)(OiPr)12] und [Fe4(C)(CO)13], unterscheiden sich aber bezüglich der M-M-Bindungen. Bei Carbonylclustern werden eg-Orbitale, bei Alkoxidclustern t2g-Orbitale für die M-M-Bindungen benutzt. Ein weiterer Unterschied ist die elektronische Absättigung. In einem Carbonylcluster hat im allgemeinen jedes Metallatom 18 Valenzelektronen, so daß zur Aktivierung des Clusters eine thermische oder photochemische CO-Abspaltung oder die Spaltung einer M-M-Bindung nötig sind. Alkoxidcluster sind dagegen elektronisch nicht abgesättigt, weil die π-Elektronen an den Liganden und das LUMO am Metall zentriert sind. Bei Alkoxidclustern kann darüber hinaus der Zugang zu den Metallzentren sterisch durch die Wahl der Alkoxidgruppen gesteuert werden, während bei Carbonylclustern zur Modifizierung sterischer Faktoren Hilfsliganden wie tertiäre Phosphane oder Cyclopentadienylliganden eingeführt werden müssen. In diesem Aufsatz werden die Reaktivitäten von Alkinen und von Ethylen gegenüber zweikernigen Alkoxid- und Carbonylkomplexen verglichen. Bei letzteren ist die Abspaltung von CO-Liganden Voraussetzung für die Substrataufnahme und nachfolgende Aktivierung. Bei [M2(OR)6]-Verbindungen (M = Mo, W) ist die Art der Substrataufnahme und Aktivierung abhängig von M und R, was zu einer vielfältigeren Chemie führt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Cluster compounds ; Transition metals ; Metal-metal interactions ; Molybdenum ; Tungsten ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alkoxide and carbonyl ligands complement each other because they both behave as “π buffers” to transition metals. Alkoxides, which are π donors, stabilize early transition metals in high oxidation states by donating electrons into vacant dπ orbitals, whereas carbonyls, which are π acceptors, stabilize later transition elements in their lower oxidation states by accepting electrons from filled dπ orbitals. Both ligands readily form bridges that span M—M bonds. In solution fluxional processes that involve bridge-terminal ligand exchange are common to both alkoxide and carbonyl ligands. The fragments [W(OR)3], [CpW(CO)2], [Co(CO)3], and CH are related by the isolobal analogy. Thus the compounds [(RO)3W ≡ W(OR)3], [Cp(CO)2W≡W(CO)2Cp], hypothetical [(CO)3Co≡Co(CO)3], and HC≡CH are isolobal. Alkoxide and carbonyl cluster compounds often exhibit striking similarities with respect to substrate binding - e.g., [W3(μ3-CR)(OR′)9] versus [Co3(μ3-CR)(CO)9] and [W4(C)(NMe)(OiPr)12] versus [Fe4(C)(CO)13] - but differ with respect to M—M bonding. The carbonyl clusters use eg-type orbitals for M—M bonding whereas the alkoxide clusters employ t2g-type orbitals. Another point of difference involves electronic saturation. In general, each metal atom in a metal carbonyl cluster has an 18-electron count; thus, activation of the cluster often requires thermal or photochemical CO expulsion or M—M bond homolysis. Alkoxide clusters, on the other hand, behave as electronically unsaturated species because the π electrons are ligand-centered and the LUMO metal-centered. Also, access to the metal centers may be sterically controlled in metal alkoxide clusters by choice of alkoxide groups whereas ancillary ligands such as tertiary phosphanes or cyclopentadienes must be introduced if steric factors are to be modified in carbonyl clusters. A comparison of the reactivity of alkynes and ethylene with dinuclear alkoxide and carbonyl compounds is presented. For the carbonyl compounds CO ligand loss is a prerequisite for substrate uptake and subsequent activation. For [M2(OR)6] compounds (M = Mo and W) the nature of substrate uptake and activation is dependent upon the choice of M and R, leading to a more diverse chemistry.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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