Note: Front Cover -- Interleukin-1 in the Brain -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Chapter 1. Location of interleukin-1 in the nervous system -- 1.1. IL-1 in the peripheral nervous system -- 1.2. IL-1 and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis -- 1.3. IL-1 in the central nervous system -- 1.4. Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2. Brain interleukin-1 receptors: mapping, characterization and modulation -- 2.1. Anatomical mapping of IL-1α receptors -- 2.2. Cellular localization of IL-1 receptors -- 2.3. Characterization of IL-1 receptors in the brain -- 2.4. Effect of LPS injection in mice genetically responsive and unresponsive to LPS -- 2.5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 3. lnterleukin-1β activation of the central nervous system -- Introduction -- 3.1. Bidirectional network between the nervous and immune systems -- 3.2. Importance of cytokine-induced glucocorticoid secretion -- 3.3. IL-1 activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis -- 3.4. CNS mechanism for IL-1 activation of the HPA axis -- 3.5. Other CNS effects of IL-1 -- 3.6. Future directions -- 3.7. Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4. Electrophysiological studies of the effects of interleukin-1 and α-interferon on the EEG and pituitary-adrenocortical activity -- 4.1. Introductory statement -- 4.2. Interleukin-1 -- 4.3. α-Interferon -- 4.4. Concluding Comments -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 5. The immune-hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis: Its role in immunoregulation and tolerance to self-antigens -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Plasma adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone responses to NDV and bacterial endotoxin -- 5.3. Origin or ACTH after NDV or LPS administration -- 5.4. Involvement of macrophages in LPS-induced ACTH and CORT responses -- 5.5. Involvement of cytokines?. , 5.6. Site of action -- 5.7. Mechanism of action -- 5.8. Functional significance -- 5.9. Self-tolerance to auto-antigens -- 5.10. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 6. The pyrogenic action of cytokines -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Fever -- 6.3. The neuromodulation of fever -- 6.4. Putative mediators of fever -- 6.5. Cytokine signal transduction from blood to brain -- 6.6. Conclusions -- 6.7. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7. Metabolic responses to interleukin-1 -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Central control of thermogenesis -- 7.3. Afferent signals mediating thermogenesis -- 7.4. Evidence for central action of cytokines in thermogenesis -- 7.5. Mechanisms of action of IL-1 -- 7.6. Endogenous inhibitors of IL-1 action -- 7.7. Impaired responses to IL-1 -- 7.8. Summary and implications -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 8. Behavioural effects of cytokines -- 8.1. Cytokines induce sickness behaviour -- 8.2. Acute versus chronic effects of cytokines -- 8.3. Role of prostaglandins and CRF in behavioural effects of cytokines -- 8.4. Central versus peripheral targets in behavioural effects of cytokines -- 8.5. Processes opposing behavioural effects of cytokines -- 8.6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 9. lnterleukin-1 involvement in the regulation of sleep -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Sleep -- 9.3. IL-1 and sleep -- 9.4. Inhibition of IL-1 effects by a specific IL-1β receptor antagonist -- 9.5. IL-1 fragments and biological activity -- 9.6. Additional evidence implicating IL-1 in sleep regulation -- 9.7. Perturbations to homeostasis: sleep deprivation and IL-1 -- 9.8. Interactions of sleep with regulatory mechanisms for IL-1 -- 9.9. Role of CRF in IL-1-induced responses and in sleep-wake regulation -- 9.10. Interactions of IL-1 and αMSH in sleep-wake regulation -- 9.11. Conclusions. , References -- Chapter 10. Regulation of the synthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF) by interleukin-1 (IL-1): facts and questions -- 10.1. Introduction to the physiology and pathophysiology of NGF and related neurotrophic molecules -- 10.2. Macrophage-derived IL-1 upregulates NGF mRNA after lesion of a peripheral nerve -- 10.3. Possible role of IL-1 for the physiological regulation of NGF mRNA levels in the central nervous system -- 10.4. A second endogenous source of IL-1 might play a role during the first phase of NGF mRNA induction after peripheral nerve lesion -- 10.5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 11. Cytokines and neuronal degeneration -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Neurodegenerative disorders and cytokine abnormalities within the nervous system -- 11.3. Neurodegenerative disorders and cytokine abnormalities in the peripheral immune system: the model of cerebellar mutant mice -- References -- INDEX.