Note: Front Cover -- Studies in Natural Products Chemistry -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: A Review of Recent Patents Regarding Antithrombotic Drugs Derived From Natural Products -- Introduction -- The Hemostatic System -- Primary Hemostasis -- Secondary Hemostasis -- Hemostasis Control -- Thrombosis -- Drugs to Treat Thrombosis -- Patents -- International Patent Classification and Patent Database -- The Investigation and Searching Strategies -- Patent Analysis -- Sulfated Polysaccharides -- Peptides and Proteins -- Flavonoids -- Saponins -- Polysaccharides -- Terpenes -- Coumarin -- Tannins -- Phenolic Compounds -- Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 2: Bioactive Natural Products From the Genus Kalanchoe as Cancer Chemopreventive Agents: A Review -- Introduction -- Overview of Carcinogenesis -- Cancer Epigenetics -- Cancer Chemoprevention -- Chemopreventive Agents -- New Perspectives on Cancer Chemoprevention Research -- Discovery of New Chemopreventive Agents -- Agent Selection -- Biomarkers -- Cohorts -- Trial Design and Endpoints -- Preclinical Studies: In Vitro and In Vivo Assays -- Preclinical Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies -- Clinical Studies -- Phytochemicals With Associated Cancer Preventive Properties -- Cancer Preventive Mechanisms of Phytochemicals -- Signaling Pathways Related to Inflammation, Cell Proliferation, and Apoptosis -- Signaling Pathways Related to Modulation of Oxidative Stress -- Modulation of Cancer Cell Metabolism and Tumor Microenvironment -- Discovery of New Phytochemicals With Chemopreventive Properties -- Genus Kalanchoe (Subgenus Bryophyllum, Crassulaceae) as a Potential Source of Cancer Chemopreventive Agents -- Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Further Reading. , Chapter 3: Patents on Natural Products for Diagnosing/Preventing/Treating Alzheimer's Disease -- Introduction -- Overview of Alzheimer's Disease -- Alzheimer's Disease: Existing Approaches and Strategies -- Role of Metals in Alzheimer's Disease -- Role of Curcumins in Alzheimer's Disease -- Role of Resveratrol in Alzheimer's Disease -- Connection Between Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease -- Connection Between Cholesterol and Alzheimer's Disease -- Connection Between Sleep and Alzheimer's Disease -- Connection Between Genetics and Alzheimer's Disease -- Drugs Approved by the US FDA for Treating Alzheimer's Disease -- Patents Focusing on Natural Products for Alzheimer's Disease -- Isolation and Extraction of Natural Products -- Methods for Producing Extracts and Products -- Methods for Producing Extracts and Products Containing Phenols -- Methods for Producing Extracts and Products Containing Diterpenes -- Methods for Producing Extracts and Products Containing Triterpenes -- Synthesis of Natural Products -- Synthesis of Curcumins -- Synthesis of Curcumin -- Synthesis of Bisdemethoxycurcumin -- Synthesis of Phenols -- Synthesis of 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl Acetate -- Synthesis of 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl Stearate -- Synthesis of 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl Oleate -- Synthesis of 2-(3,4-Diacetoxyphenyl)ethyl Acetate -- Synthesis of Diterpenes -- Synthesis of Methyl Hydroxypaspalinate -- Synthesis of Paxizoline -- Synthesis of Cryptotanshinone -- Synthesis of Triterpenes -- Synthesis of 2-Cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-diene-28-nitrile -- Synthesis of Tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranoside -- Synthesis of Oleanonic Acid -- Synthesis of Oleanonic Alcohol -- Synthesis of Oleanonic Aldehyde -- Synthesis of Betulone -- Use of Compounds, Compositions, and Extracts for Diagnosing, Preventing, and Treating Alzheimer's Disease. , Use of Compounds and Compositions Containing Curcumins -- Use of Compounds and Compositions Containing Galantamines -- Use of Compounds and Compositions Containing Phenols -- Use of Compounds and Compositions Containing Diterpenes -- Use of Compounds and Compositions Containing Triterpenes -- Use of Compounds and Compositions Containing Curcumin-Polyphenol Hybrids -- Use of Compounds and Compositions Containing Curcumin-Methylene Blue Hybrids -- Use of Compounds and Compositions Containing Galantamine-Statin Hybrids -- Use of Extracts -- Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 4: Cannabinoids: Extraction Methods, Analysis, and Physicochemical Characterization -- Introduction -- Cannabinoid Extraction Methods -- Analytical Techniques for Cannabinoid Determination -- Thin Layer Chromatography -- High-Performance Liquid Chromatography -- Gas Chromatography -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance -- Physical and Chemical Properties of Cannabinoids -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 5: High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Biological Properties of Grapevine and Wine Stilbenoids -- Stilbenes in Grape and Vine Tissues -- Biological Properties of Grapevine Stilbenoids -- Antioxidant Activity -- Absorption and Metabolism of Resveratrol -- Antiinflammatory and Vasoprotective Activity of Resveratrol -- Antimutagenic, Antiproliferative, and Anticarcinogenic Activity -- Antimicrobial Activity -- Defense Against Alzheimer's Disease -- Liver Protective Effect -- Other Activities of Stilbenoids -- Study of Grapevine and Wine Stilbenoids by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry -- Sample Preparation for LC/QTOF Analysis -- LC/QTOF Analysis -- Identification of Stilbenoids by HRMS -- Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References. , Chapter 6: Raman Spectroscopy: A Key Analytical Tool for New Drugs Research and Development -- Introduction -- Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy: Basic Considerations -- Raman Spectroscopy Identification of the Main Triterpenes of the Lupane Group in Birch Bark (Betula pendula Roth) From Roma ... -- Birch Bark Extraction Products: Raman Spectroscopy Analysis -- Pharmaceutical Formulation of Betulin and Birch Bark Extracts -- Evaluation of Betulin's Therapeutic Effect on Mice Skin by Means of Raman Spectroscopy -- Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 7: Chemical and Biological Perspectives of Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids From Rauwolfia species -- Introduction -- The Compounds Isolated from Rauwolfia Species -- Biological Activities -- Antioxidant Activity -- Antiinflammatory Activity -- Antibacterial Activity -- Cytotoxicity -- Anti-Prostate Cancer Activity -- Antitumor Activity Against Pancreatic Cancer -- Cardiac Cellular Action -- Antipsychotic Activity -- Cardioprotective Activity -- Alzheimer's Disease -- Ulcerative Colitis (UC) -- Onchocerciasis -- Antidiabetic Activity -- Larvicidal Activity -- Toxicity -- Renal Dysfunction -- Parkinson's Disease -- Anorexia -- Antihypertensive -- Smooth and Cardiac Muscles -- Cerebral Neurohistology and Behavioral Effects -- Olfaction and the Olfactory Effect -- Antiamoebic Activity and Antifeedant Activity -- Gastric Mucosal Lesions -- Total Synthesis of Some Biologically Important MIAs -- Synthetic Attempts for the Preparation of Reserpine -- The First Total Synthesis of Reserpine -- Woodward's Methodology for the Preparation of Reserpine -- Other Synthetic Reserpine Syntheses -- Pearlman Approach -- Stork Approach -- Fraser-Reid Approach -- Liao Approach -- Hanessian Approach -- Mehta Approach -- Alternative Methods for the Production of Reserpine -- Wender Methodology. , Martin Approach -- Shea Approach -- Synthetic Strategies for Producing Yohimbine -- Van Tamalen Methodology -- Hirai Method -- Aimi Method -- Herlé Method -- Mergott Method -- Synthetic Strategies for Producing Ajmalicine -- Van Tamelen Methodology -- The Synthesis of Allo-Yohimbine -- Synthesis of α-Yohimbine -- The Synthesis of Deserpidine -- The Synthesis of β-Yohimbine -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 8: Alkaloids as Potential Multi-Target Drugs to Treat Alzheimer's Disease -- Introduction -- A Glance at the Neural Targets Considered in This Chapter -- Cholinergic Neurotransmission in the Central Nervous System -- Failure of Cholinergic Neurotransmission in Alzheimer's Disease -- Amyloid Cascade: The Neurotoxicity of Amyloid Beta Plaques -- Tau Hypothesis: Microtubule Disruption as a Consequence of Tau Protein Hyperphosphorylation -- Neuroinflammation and Neuroprotection -- Alkaloids as Potential Multi-target Drugs to Treat Alzheimer's Disease -- Inhibitors of Cholinesterase and Aβ Aggregation -- Inhibitors of Cholinesterase and Tau Protein -- Inhibitors of Cholinesterase, Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Damage -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 9: Whole-Cell Bioconversion of Citrus Flavonoids to Enhance Their Biological Properties -- Introduction -- Biological Activities -- Enhancement of Biological Activities -- Whole-Cell Bioconversion -- Kinetics and Engineering Aspects -- The Screening -- The Kinetics -- The Mass Transport Mechanisms -- RSM -- An Overview of Bioreactor Designs -- Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 10: Microbiological In Vivo Production of CLNA as a Tool in the Regulation of Host Microbiota in Obesity Control -- Introduction -- Agentic Initiatives -- Structural Strategies: Food Taxes and the Danish Case. , Are Food Taxes Useful?.

Note: Front cover -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Metabolic Screening of Wine (Grapevine) Resveratrol -- Introduction -- Resveratrol Concentration in Grapes and Wine -- Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics -- Antimicrobial Activity -- Antimicrobial Activity of Wine -- Metabolic Engineering of Resveratrol in Plants and Microorganisms -- Analysis -- Soft Ionization MS -- Liquid Chromatography-MS -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 2: Sweet Cherry Phenolic Compounds: Identification, Characterization, and Health Benefits -- Introduction -- Phenolic Composition of Sweet Cherries -- Nonflavonoids -- Phenolic Acids -- Flavonoids -- Flavonols -- Flavan-3-ols -- Anthocyanins -- Flavones, Flavanones, and Flavanonols -- Flavones -- Flavanones -- Flavanonols -- Determination of Phenolics in Sweet Cherries -- Storage Conditions -- Sample Preparation -- Phenolic Extraction Procedures -- Purification and Fractionation -- Methods to Determine Phenolic Compounds -- Spectrophotometric Methods -- Liquid Chromatographic Methods -- Stationary Phase -- Mobile Phase -- Characterization of Phenolic Compounds by HPLC Methods -- Health Benefits of Sweet Cherries -- Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activities -- Antioxidant Capacity -- In Vitro Assays -- Radical Scavenging Capacity -- Reducing Power -- Chelating Ability -- In Vivo Assays -- Antiinflammatory Protection -- Anticancer Activity -- Antidiabetic Capacity -- Neuroprotection -- Cardiovascular Protection -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3: Phenolic Compounds: A Good Choice Against Chronic Degenerative Diseases -- Introduction -- Main BCs in Plants -- Phenolic Compounds -- Flavonoids -- Potential Health Effects -- Phenolic Acids -- Potential Health Effects -- Tannins -- Potential Health Effects. , Coumarins -- Potential Health Effects -- Lignans -- Potential Health Effects -- Potential Toxicity -- Final Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 4: Recent Developments in the Quest for Novel Microbial Natural Products -- Introduction -- Classical Approach of Microbial NP Discovery -- Exploring Microbes From Unique Ecological Habitats -- NPs From Cave Microbes -- NPs From Marine Microbes -- NPs From Symbiotic Microorganisms -- NPs From Endophytic Fungi -- Single-Cell Genomics in Microbial NPsDiscovery -- Use of Diverse Culture Conditions -- NPs From Environmental DNA (e-DNA) -- Activation of Cryptic Pathways -- Cocultures -- Use of Environmental Cues -- Use of Abiotic Stressors -- Awakening of Biosynthetic Pathway Activators, Silencing of Repressors, and Use of Strong Promoters -- RNA Polymerase Transcriptional and Ribosome Translational Engineering -- Epigenetic Approaches -- Emerging Dereplication Approaches -- Summary -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 5: Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids as Multifunctional Secondary Metabolites in Cyanobacteria: From Biochemical to Ap ... -- Introduction -- Basic Description of MAAs -- Discovery of MAAs -- Basic Characteristics of MAAs -- Distribution of MAAs -- Molecular Structure of MAAs -- General Structure of MAAs -- Resonance Delocalization in the Molecular Structure of MAAs -- The Effects of Environmental Factors on the Molecular Structure of MAAs -- Determination of the Molecular Structure of MAAs -- Biosynthetic Pathway of MAAs -- Biosynthetic Pathway of 4-Deoxygadusol, the Common Precursor Compound of MAAs -- Gene Clusters for Biosynthesis of MAAs -- Regulations -- Effects of UVR -- Effects of Salt and Thermal Stresses -- Effects of Nutrient Availability -- Biological Activities and Functions -- Photoprotectant and Sunscreen Functions -- Antioxidant and Antiinflammation -- Other Functions. , Potential Applications -- Recent Patents Related to MAAs -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 6: Basic and Clinical Studies With Marine LipoFishins and Vegetal Favalins in Neurodegeneration and Age-Related D ... -- Introduction -- LipoEsar (E-SAR-94010) -- HepatoSar -- CabyMar (E-CAB-94011) -- DefenVid (E-JUR-94013) -- AntiGan (E-Congerine-10423) -- MineraXin (E-MHK-0103) -- Atremorine (E-PodoFavalin-15999) -- Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 7: Terpenoids as Emerging Therapeutic Agents: Cellular Targets and Mechanisms of Action against Protozoan Parasites -- Introduction -- Chemistry of Terpenoids -- Mechanisms of Action Involving Interaction With Specific Parasite Enzymes and Other Macromolecules -- Terpenoids Interfere With DNA Metabolism -- Terpenoids Interact With Calcium Transporters -- Terpenoids Inhibit Fatty Acid Metabolism -- Terpenoids Inhibit Parasite Proteases -- Terpenoids Interact With Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase -- Terpenoids Inhibit Biosynthesis of Other Structurally Similar Compounds in Parasites -- Terpenoids Induce Oxidative Stress in Parasites -- Terpenoids Induce Morphological and Ultrastructural Changes in Parasites -- Cell Membrane Disruption -- Ultrastructural Changes -- Terpenoids Arrest Parasites Cell Cycle -- Terpenoids Interactions With Parasites Proteins as Predicted In Silico -- Terpenoids Mediate Parasite Killing by the Host -- Future Direction -- Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 8: Bioactive Sesquiterpene Coumarins From Plants -- Introduction -- Structure Type and Important Representatives -- Subtype A: Umbelliferone-Derived SCs -- Subtype A-1 Umbelliferone-Chain Sesquiterpene -- Subtype A-2 Umbelliferone-Monocyclic Sesquiterpene -- Subtype A-3 Umbelliferone-Bicyclic Sesquiterpene. , Subtype B: Scopoletin-Derived SCs -- Subtype C: Isofraxidin-Derived SCs -- Subtype D: Other Type SCs -- Physical and Chemical Properties and Spectral Characteristics for Identification -- Physical and Chemical Properties -- Spectral Characteristics of SCs -- Biological Activities -- Antitumor Activity -- Antiinflammatory Activity -- Antibacterial and Antivirus Activities -- Antiparasitic Activity -- Biosynthetic Pathway and Biotransformation -- Biosynthetic Pathway -- Biotransformation -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 9: Assessing Herb-Drug Interactions of Herbal Products With Therapeutic Agents for Metabolic Diseases: Analytical ... -- Introduction: Herb-Drug Interactions (HDIs) -- Mechanisms of HDIs -- Pharmacokinetic Interactions -- Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes (DMEs) -- Drug Transporters (DTs) -- Pharmacodynamic Interactions -- Chemical Complexity in NPs -- Novel In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Approaches in HDI Screening -- In Silico Prediction of HDIs -- In Vitro Screening of HDIs -- Protein-Binding Studies -- Metabolism Studies -- CYP Phenotyping by Chemical Inhibition Assay -- Phase II Conjugation Metabolism Study -- Metabolism Study Using Hepatocytes -- Transporter Assays -- Caco-2 Assay -- In Vivo HDI Screening -- Analytical Tools in HDI Screening -- Fluorometric High-Throughput Screening (HTS) Assays -- Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in HDIs Screening -- Metabolic Disorders -- A Study on HDIs of Diabetes -- A Study on HDIs in CVDs -- Current Regulatory Scenario in DI Reporting of HPs -- Conclusion and Future Perspective -- Acknowledgments -- Conflict of Interest -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 10: Natural Products for the Management of Diabetes -- Introduction -- Natural Products Which Control Glucose Absorption -- Serotonin Derivatives -- Butyl-isobutyl-phthalate -- Allium sativum and Allium cepa. , Elatosides E and F -- Bauhinia candicans and Bauhinia forficata -- Natural Products Which Control GLP-1 Homeostasis -- Monounsaturated Fatty Acid -- Fructans -- Natural Products Which Improve β-Cell Function -- Anacardium occidentale -- Gymnema sylvestre -- Polyynes and Bidens pilosa -- Silymarin -- Nymphayol -- Kinsenoside -- Conophylline -- Carica papaya and Pandanus amaryllifolius -- Picrorhiza kurroa -- Morus alba -- Natural Products Which Improve Insulin Sensitivity -- Astragalus Polysaccharides and Astragalus -- Lychee -- Fenugreek -- Cinnamon -- Gastrodia elata -- Dioscorea and Its Polysaccharides -- Blueberry and Anthocyanins -- Amorfrutins -- Psidium guajava -- Antidiabetic Natural Products With Multiple Mechanisms -- Resveratrol -- Quercetin -- Aspalathin/Rutin Mixture -- Genistein and Glyceollins -- Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol -- Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Chinese Tea -- Gingerol and Ginger -- Dicaffeoylquinic Acids and Mate -- Curcumin -- Berberine -- Capsaicin -- Bitter Melon -- Ginseng -- Aloe vera -- Coffee -- Tinospora cordifolia -- Pterocarpus marsupium -- Ocimum sanctum -- Murraya koeingii -- Ficus benghalensis -- Syzygium densiflorum -- Examples of Clinical Trials on Antidiabetic Plants and Natural Products -- G. sylvestre (Gurmar) -- Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) -- M. charantia (Bitter Melon) -- Ginseng Species -- Turmeric -- Tea and Catechins -- Soybean -- Sage -- Guava -- Coffee -- Cocoa and Flavanols -- Cinnamon -- Caper -- Banaba and Corosolic Acid -- Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 11: Limonoids: Structure-Activity Relationship Studies and Anticancer Properties -- Introduction -- SAR and Anticancer Activity -- Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References. , Chapter 12: Anticancer Potential of Flavonoids: Chemistry, Biological Activities, and Future Perspectives.