Description: Between 25.10. and 18.11.2009, Multibeam data based on the KONGSBERG Simrad EM120 were acquired during RV Maria S. Merian cruise MSM13/3.The investigation of diversity and community distribution of chemosynthetic ecosystems related to fluid escape structures at the eastern and central provinces of the Nile fan (Eastern Mediterranean Sea) was the main research target. Additionally element transport rates and fluid export related to these fluid seeps was further explored. This cruise was in corporation with the DIWOOD program. Therefore wood, which was deployed in 2006/2007, was recovered to investigate the influence of wood degradation on ecosystems. To collect gas/fluid and sediment samples, the ROV QUEST4000 (MARUM) was utilized. During the cruise hydroacoustic systems (Multibeam and Parasound) were recorded to generate high-resolution maps of the research areas as well as to identify and to quantify seepage structures. CI Citation: Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de) as responsible party for bathymetry raw data ingest and approval. Description of the data source: During the MSM13-3 cruise, the hull-mounted KONGSBERG EM120 multibeam echosounder (MBES) was utilized for bathymetric mapping in water depth beyond 1000 m as it allows accurate bathymetric mapping up to full ocean depth. Two linear transducer arrays in Mills Cross configuration transmit a nominal sonar frequency of 12 kHz with an maximum beam width of 130° across track and 1° along track. 191 individual beams were created per ping. The actual footprint of a beam has a dimension of 1° by 2°. On flat bottom, the achievable swath width can reach up to six times the water depth. The angular coverage sector and beam pointing angles were set to vary automatically with depth according to achievable coverage. For further information on the system, consult https://www.km.kongsberg.com/. Responsible person during this cruise / PI: Paul Wintersteller (pwintersteller@marum.de), Heiko Sahling and Miriam Römer (mroemer@marum.de). Chief Scientist: Antje Boetius CR: https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/download/?tx_tibsearch_search%5Bdocid%5D=awi%3Adoi~10.2312%252Fcr_msm13_3&cHash=91ccabc6630ae9bbd4b3fc995f742237#download-mark CSR: https://www2.bsh.de/aktdat/dod/fahrtergebnis/2009/20100012.htm

Description: Between 25.10. and 18.11.2009, Multibeam data based on the KONGSBERG Simrad EM120 were acquired during RV Maria S. Merian cruise MSM13/3.The investigation of diversity and community distribution of chemosynthetic ecosystems related to fluid escape structures at the eastern and central provinces of the Nile fan (Eastern Mediterranean Sea) was the main research target. Additionally element transport rates and fluid export related to these fluid seeps was further explored. This cruise was in corporation with the DIWOOD program. Therefore wood, which was deployed in 2006/2007, was recovered to investigate the influence of wood degradation on ecosystems. To collect gas/fluid and sediment samples, the ROV QUEST4000 (MARUM) was utilized. During the cruise hydroacoustic systems (Multibeam and Parasound) were recorded to generate high-resolution maps of the research areas as well as to identify and to quantify seepage structures. CI Citation: Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de) as responsible party for bathymetry raw data ingest and approval. Description of the data source: During the MSM13-3 cruise, the hull-mounted KONGSBERG EM120 multibeam echosounder (MBES) was utilized for bathymetric mapping in water depth beyond 1000 m as it allows accurate bathymetric mapping up to full ocean depth. Two linear transducer arrays in Mills Cross configuration transmit a nominal sonar frequency of 12 kHz with an maximum beam width of 130° across track and 1° along track. 191 individual beams were created per ping. The actual footprint of a beam has a dimension of 1° by 2°. On flat bottom, the achievable swath width can reach up to six times the water depth. The angular coverage sector and beam pointing angles were set to vary automatically with depth according to achievable coverage. For further information on the system, consult https://www.km.kongsberg.com/. Responsible person during this cruise / PI: Paul Wintersteller (pwintersteller@marum.de), Heiko Sahling and Miriam Römer (mroemer@marum.de). Description of data processing: Postprocessing and products were conducted by the Seafloor-Imaging & Mapping group of MARUM/FB5, responsible person: Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de). The post- processing was mainly done during the cruise using the Kongsberg Simrad Neptune Software as well as IVS Fledermaus. The open source software MB-System suite (Caress, D.W., and D.N. Chayes, MB-System Version 5.5, open source software distributed from the MBARI and L-DEO web sites, 2000-2012.) was utilized after the cruise for additional processing. Amplitude and sidescan corrections were applied for the MSM13-3 data. NetCDF (GMT) grids of the edited data as well as statitics were created with mbgrid. The published bathymetric grid of the cruise MSM13-3 has a resolution of 20 m. No total propagated uncertainty (TPU) has been calculated to gather vertical or horizontal accuracy. A higher resolution is, at least partly, achievable. The grid extended with _num represents a raster dataset with the statistical number of beams/depths taken into account to create the depth of the cell. The extended _sd -grid contains the standard deviation for each cell. All grids produced are retrievable through the PANGAEA database (www.pangaea.de). Chief Scientist: Antje Boetius CR: https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/download/?tx_tibsearch_search%5Bdocid%5D=awi%3Adoi~10.2312%252Fcr_msm13_3&cHash=91ccabc6630ae9bbd4b3fc995f742237#download-mark CSR: https://www2.bsh.de/aktdat/dod/fahrtergebnis/2009/20100012.htm

Description: Five georeferenced seafloor photomosaics from three different cold seep sites in the periphery of Venere mud volcano, Ionian Sea (Central Mediterranean). The photographs for each mosaic were acquired using the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) MARUM QUEST 4000m during RV METEOR cruise M112 (2014). Photos were taken from altitudes 1-5 m above seafloor using a Prosilica GT6600C camera vertically mounted on the ROV. The photomosaics were compiled with the LAPM tool (Marcon et al. 2013) and geo-referenced by using the smoothed ultra-short baseline (USBL; IXSEA Posidonia 6k) navigation data of the ROV. Seafloor positioning by USBL has an accuracy better than 10 m, or 0.05-0.2% of the slant range. Photomosaics have been rectified manually in Global Mapper® software based on obvious seafloor structures and are provided in GeoTIFF format (WGS84 coordinate system).

Description: Gridded bathymetry based on acquisition recorded during M112 between 06.11.2014 and 15.12.2014 in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The aim of the cruise was to investigate in mud volcanoes of the Calabrian Arc in Italian waters, where 54 potential mud volcanoes have been documented while it remained unclear whether they are still active or not. Therefore, the bathymetric surveys were accompanied with investigations in the water column. Several sound velocity profiles (SVPs) were taken to correct the bathymetry. CI Citation: Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de) as responsible party for bathymetry post-processing and its products. Description of the data source: During the cruise M112 the Kongsberg EM122 multibeam echosounder with a nominal sounding frequency of 12 kHz was utilized. 288 beams (and up to 864 soundings in equidistant and dual swath mode) are formed for each ping with a 1°(Tx)/2°(Rx) footprint while the seafloor is detected using amplitude and phase information for each beam sounding. For further information consult https://www.km.kongsberg.com/. The EM122 was recording constantly within the permitted areas, either designated to bathymetry surveys or flare imaging-surveys. Responsible person during this cruise / PI: Paul Wintersteller (pwintersteller@marum.de) and Christian Ferreira (cferreira@marum.de). Description of data processing: Postprocessing and products were conducted by the Seafloor-Imaging & Mapping group of MARUM, responsible person: Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de). The open source software MB-System suite (Caress, D.W., and D.N. Chayes, MB-System Version 5.5, Open source software distributed from the MBARI and L-DEO web sites, 2000-2012.) was utilized for this purpose. A tide correction was applied, based on the Oregon State University (OSU) tidal prediction software (OTPS) that is retrievable through MB-System. CTD measurements were taken during the M112 cruise and these were sufficient to represent the changes in the sound velocity (SVP) throughout the study area. Further roll, pitch and heave corrections were not applied for the M112 data. Bathymetric data has been manually cleaned for existing artefacts with mbeditviz. NetCDF (GMT) grids of the product and the statistics were created using mbgrid. No total propagated uncertainty (TPU) has been calculated to gather vertical or horizontal accuracy. The currently published bathymetric grid of the cruise has a resolution of 70 m. For scientific purposes a higher resolution is at least partly, achievable and is used. The grid extended with _num represents a raster dataset with the statistical number of beams/depths taken into account to create the depth of the cell. The extended _sd -grid contains the standard deviation for each cell. All grids produced are retrievable through the PANGAEA database (www.pangaea.de). Chief Scientist: G. Bohrmann gbohrmann@marum.de CSR: http://www.bsh.de/aktdat/dod/fahrtergebnis/2014/20140278.htm A special thanks goes to the watch keeper of the hydroacoustic systems during M112: M. Wiebe, D. Praeg, C. Johansen,O. Candoni, T. Biller, W. Menapace Another thanks goes to the student helpers, that helped to create the product: T. Biller, N. Brueckner

Description: Hydroacoustic raw data recorded during M112 between 06.11.2014 and 15.12.2014 in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The aim of the cruise was to investigate in mud volcanoes of the Calabrian Arc in Italian waters, where 54 potential mud volcanoes have been documented while it remained unclear whether they are still active or not. Therefore, the bathymetric surveys were accompanied with investigations in the water column. Several sound velocity profiles (SVPs) were taken to correct the bathymetry. CI Citation: Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de) as responsible party for bathymetry post-processing and its products. Description of the data source: During the cruise M112 the Kongsberg EM122 multibeam echosounder with a nominal sounding frequency of 12 kHz was utilized. 288 beams (and up to 864 soundings in equidistant and dual swath mode) are formed for each ping with a 1°(Tx)/2°(Rx) footprint while the seafloor is detected using amplitude and phase information for each beam sounding. For further information consult https://www.km.kongsberg.com/. The EM122 was recording constantly within the permitted areas, either designated to bathymetry surveys or flare imaging-surveys. Responsible person during this cruise / PI: Paul Wintersteller (pwintersteller@marum.de) and Christian Ferreira (cferreira@marum.de). Chief Scientist: G. Bohrmann gbohrmann@marum.de CSR: http://www.bsh.de/aktdat/dod/fahrtergebnis/2014/20140278.htm A special thanks goes to the watch keeper during M112: M. Wiebe, D. Praeg, C. Johansen,O. Candoni, T. Biller, W. Menapace

Description: Multibeam echosounder (MBES) data recorded during RV METEOR cruise M134 between 16.01.2017 and 18.02.2017 around South Georgia. The main objective of was to investigate emissions of free gas from cross‐shelf troughs of South Georgia, their distribution, quantification, and sources for methane ebullition sites in sub‐Antarctic waters. Another objective was the mapping of the glacial bathymetry on the shelf. CI Citation: Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de) as responsible party for bathymetry raw data ingest and approval. Description of the data sources: During the cruise RV METEOR M134/1 the hull-mounted Kongsberg EM710 with a nominal sounding frequency of 70-100 kHz was utilized. 256 beams with an acoustical footprint of 1°(Tx)/1°(Rx) are formed for each ping. For further information consult: http://epic.awi.de/26726/1/Kon2007b.pdf. The main purposes of most of the surveys were mapping for bathymetry and searching for gas flares in the water column. The EM710 was recording almost continuously. During this cruise the swath width was set to 130° and the use of the high-density equidistant and the dual-swath mode of the EM710 resulted in up to 800 soundings per ping. The survey speed was kept between 6-10 knots depending on weather conditions and flare surveying. Responsible person during this cruise / PI: Wilhelm Weinrebe (wweinrebe@geomar.de) & Paul Wintersteller (pwintersteller@marum.de). Chief Scientist: G. Bohrmann (gbohrmann@marum.de) CR: https://elib.suub.uni-bremen.de/edocs/00106081-1.pdf CSR: http://www.bsh.de/aktdat/dod/fahrtergebnis/2017/20170002.htm A special thanks goes to the watch keeper during M134/1: Viola Bihler, Maximilian Grahs, Miriam Römer and Nikolas Stange

Description: Multibeam echosounder (MBES) data recorded during RV METEOR cruise M134/1 between 16.01.2017 and 18.02.2017 around South Georgia. The main objective of was to investigate emissions of free gas from cross‐shelf troughs of South Georgia, their distribution, quantification, and sources for methane ebullition sites in sub‐Antarctic waters. Another objective was the mapping of the glacial bathymetry on the shelf. CI Citation: Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de) as responsible party for bathymetry raw data ingest and approval. Description of the data source: During the cruise RV METEOR M134/1 the hull-mounted Kongsberg EM122 with a nominal sonar frequency of 12 kHz was utilized. The EM122 system is a deep‐water multibeam echosounder providing accurate bathymetric mapping down to full ocean depth. 288 beams with an acoustical footprint of 1°(TX)/2°(RX) are formed for each ping. For further information consult https://www.km.kongsberg.com/. During this cruise the swath width was set to 130° and the high-density equidistant and the dual-swath mode of the EM122 was used, resulting in up to 864 soundings per ping. The survey speed was kept between 6-10 knots depending on weather conditions and flare surveying. The main purposes of most of the surveys were mapping for bathymetry and searching for gas flares in the water column. Since the EM710 was recording almost continuously, the EM122 was mainly used for transits, in water depth deeper than 500 m or for short dedicated surveys in order to achieve better backscatter information. Responsible person during this cruise / PI: Wilhelm Weinrebe (wweinrebe@geomar.de) & Paul Wintersteller (pwintersteller@marum.de). Chief Scientist: G. Bohrmann (gbohrmann@marum.de) CR: https://elib.suub.uni-bremen.de/edocs/00106081-1.pdf CSR: http://www.bsh.de/aktdat/dod/fahrtergebnis/2017/20170002.htm A special thanks goes to the watch keeper during M134/1: Viola Bihler, Maximilian Grahs, Miriam Römer and Nikolas Stange.