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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-native Species and Rates of Spread: Lessons from the Brackish Baltic Sea (2000)
    Springer
    Biological invasions 2 (2000), S. 151-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1464
    Keywords: Baltic Sea ; introduced species ; invasive species ; spread ; vector ; xenodiversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Baltic Sea, a semi-enclosed brackish water region, has been inoculated by non-indigenous species for centuries. Today, much of its biological diversity is of foreign origin (i.e. xenodiversity), intentionally or unintentionally moved by humans over ecological and geographical barriers. As many as 98 introduced species have been recorded in the Baltic Sea and Kattegat. The role and abundance of much of the unique native brackish water fauna of the Baltic Sea are threatened by these non-indigenous species. The rate of primary introductions into the Baltic has increased since the 1950s; the secondary rate of spread of non-indigenous species within the basin varies from 30–480 km/year. We review here the invasion histories of the brown alga Sargassum muticum (introduced in the early 1990s), the mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (1887), the barnacle Balanus improvisus (1844), the polychaetes Marenzelleria viridis (1985) and Polydora redeki (1963), the cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi (1992) and the mysid shrimp Hemimysis anomala (1962).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010052809567
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-native animals in the Baltic Sea: alteration of benthic habitats in coastal inlets and lagoons (1999)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 393 (1999), S. 233-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: introduced species ; zoobenthos ; functional diversity ; coastal zone ; Baltic Sea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Semi-enclosed coastal inlets are particularly interesting areas for studies on non-native species since they show steep gradients in physical environment, biological communities, pollution and intensity of human activities. Due to the ecotone effect their biota is constituted of a mixture of marine, brackish and freshwater indigenous and non-indigenous species. In comparison with offshore areas the coastal inlets seem to be better invadible, and the effects of introductions are more evident here. This paper presents results of a comparative study on non-native benthic species in the semi-enclosed water bodies of the Southern (Curonian and Vistula lagoons) and Northern Baltic (inner Archipelago Sea and Northern Quark, Gulf of Bothnia), which differ by their origin and present environment, scope of anthropogenic impact and level of euthrophication. These areas presently host at least 18 non-native benthic invertebrate species. The ecological role of these species is evaluated in terms of: (a) their relative abundance and biomass in bottom communities; (b) their 'feeding/mobility' status and their ability to alter the physical/chemical environment of the ecosystems they invaded; (c) vacancy/occupancy of the niches before these species introduced. The comparative analysis shows that the non-native species have significantly altered ecosystems of the SE Baltic coastal lagoons, while their role in the northern coastal waters still is much less important. The invadibility of different types of the Baltic coastal lagoons and inlets is discussed on the basis of the present study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003511003766
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aquatic biodiversity under anthropogenic stress: an insight from the Archipelago Sea (SW Finland) (1999)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 8 (1999), S. 55-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: aquatic biodiversity ; Baltic Sea ; eutrophication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Archipelago Sea in the northern Baltic has been subjected to large-scale cultural, economic and ecological changes, especially during the last three decades. Environmental threats originate from both basin-wide sources, affecting the whole Baltic Sea, and from local sources, such as nutrient loading from nearby river outflows, intense agriculture, fish farming, ships' traffic, boating, and man's physical impacts on the landscape and seascape. Both the Åland archipelago and the Archipelago Sea have been listed as hot-spots by HELCOM, Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission, eutrophication being the main threat to the aquatic environment. In this study we review how biological communities have reacted to an increase in man-induced multisource stresses. Changes in plankton, benthic animals, macroalgal assemblages and fish communities have been documented in most parts of the Baltic Sea since the 1970s. What remains to be understood is the importance of these structural changes for the functioning of the Archipelago Sea ecosystem under various levels of human impact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008805007339
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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