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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 85 (1997), S. 237-245 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Prostephanus truncatus ; Bostrichidae ; dispersal ; pheromone ; crowding effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of population density and aggregation pheromone were investigated as possible flight initiating factors for Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Col.: Bostrichidae). Maize grains (175 g in glass jars) were infested with 20, 50, 150 or 300 beetles, all of which were removed after 2 weeks. Flight initiation of the progeny was observed over a period of 4 weeks, with and without the synthetic aggregation pheromone of P. truncatus. Addition of the synthetic pheromone had no influence on the number of beetles taking off. The number of beetles dispersing increased with growing initial and progeny densities. Dispersal rates (% of total progeny dispersing) rose with declining rate till they reached a maximum at ca. 33%. Of the beetles dispersing, 74% left the cultures between 18.00 and 20.00 hours. Surviving progeny per female decreased with increasing initial density. Sex ratios in the initial cultures and in the F1 were ca. 1:1, whereas a higher proportion of females (67%) was found among the dispersing beetles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 87 (1998), S. 285-294 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: larger grain borer ; Prostephanus truncatus ; Bostrichidae ; West Africa ; gut-content analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Migrating Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Col.: Bostrichidae) were collected weekly with pheromone-baited funnel traps at three different sites in southern Benin for 12 months. One site was located in a primary forest, one in a peri-urban area, and one in a region with intensive agriculture. The sex of the trapped beetles was determined. The gut-content of the specimens was analyzed for remains of lignin and starch, the former indicating recent feeding on woody, the latter on a starchy substrate, such as stored maize or dried cassava. At all locations, the sex ratio of migrating P. truncatus was significantly female-biased, with the greatest proportion of females trapped at the peri-urban site. At the forest site, most beetles had lignin in their guts, while the proportion of beetles containing starch was highest in the peri-urban site. Approximately equal proportions of beetles with either starch and lignin were trapped in the region with intensive agriculture. The results are discussed with regard to the population dynamics of P. truncatus in different habitats and the flight activity of the beetles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 83 (1997), S. 53-61 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: larger grain borer ; Prostephanus truncatus ; Bostrichidae ; pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Delta traps baited with maize cobs, which were infested each with one male Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Col.: Bostrichidae), were distributed in southern Benin and collected after one, two, three and four weeks. The numbers of P. truncatus caught during the different trapping periods were not significantly different. Sixty-four percent of the trapped P. truncatus were females. Females attracted during the one-week trapping period produced a mean of 6.9 progeny during the seven days. The sex ratio of the progeny was 1:1. Trap catches with the infested cobs were on average 13 times lower than catches with 2 mg of the artificial pheromone. Estimation of P. truncatus densities in a maize store at the beginning of the storage period (based on laboratory data) revealed that small initial numbers of P. truncatus, possibly attracted by a single male, sufficed to initiate high infestation rates later in the storage season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Tropenkrankheiten ; Virale hämorrhagische Fieber ; Lassa-Fieber ; Infektionsschutz ; Quarantäne ; BSL4 ; Seuchenhygiene ; Öffentliches Gesundheitswesen ; Rettungswesen ; Krankentransport ; Krankenpflege ; Schutzkleidung ; Kontaktpersonen ; Keywords Tropical Diseases ; Viral Haemorrhagic Fever ; Lassa-Fever ; Epidemic Control ; Preparedness Plans ; Quarantine ; BSL4 ; Patient Isolation ; Barrier Nursing ; Protective Equipment ; Contact Tracing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Patients infected with viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHF), pneumonic plague or zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections usually require intensive care and a special isolation. Contact persons must be traced and monitored. Last year our working group published a concept for the management and control of these life-threatening highly contagious diseases. Now the principles of our plan have been accepted. The development of guidelines for rapid reaction to those communicable diseases is an important task for all EU Member States. In Germany microbiological diagnosis is performed by a diagnostic centre (Biosafety-Level BSL4) and supported by a corresponding confirmation laboratory. At present four high security infectious disease units for patient care (HSIU) are available in Munich, Leipzig, Hamburg and Berlin. Another one located in Frankfurt will be functional by 2001. In addition to the HSIU a corresponding number of centres of competence shall be established in order to support and advise the hospitals initially treating the patients as well as the local public health officer. The risk categorisation for contact persons, which has been developed by our working group, has proved to be very useful in practice. Ambulances should be used for transfer of patients to the HSIU. So-called transport-isolators are not suitable for patients who are seriously ill. Air-based transport without using an isolator is a problem, since no decontamination procedure exists. As soon as the last HSIU in the Rhine Main area is working the centres of competence will be established. This will provide competent health care for VHF-patients and a convincing management for these kinds of threats to public health everywhere in Germany.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Verschiedene virusbedingte hämorrhagische Fieber (VHF), Pocken (humane Affenpocken) sowie Lungenpest erfordern besondere Maßnahmen zum Schutz des Krankenhauspersonals und anderer Personen vor Ansteckung. Kontaktpersonen müssen ermittelt und überwacht werden, um eine Ausbreitung zu verhindern. Ein im Mai 1999 veröffentlichtes Konzept zum Management und zur Kontrolle dieser lebensbedrohenden hochkontagiösen Infektionskrankheiten wurde inzwischen mit Fachöffentlichkeit und Gesundheitsbehörden diskutiert. Bei den zwischenzeitlich aufgetretenen Fällen bestätigte sich das vorgeschlagene Vorgehen : In Deutschland werden die mikrobiologische Diagnostik und Differentialdiagnostik zentral von einem Zentrum der biologischen Sicherheitsstufe BSL4 und einem entsprechenden Bestätigungslabor vorgenommen. Für Isolierung und klinische Behandlung der Patienten stehen vier Behandlungszentren zur Verfügung, ein fünftes soll im nächsten Jahr betriebsbereit sein. Die zunehmende Inanspruchnahme zeigt, dass sich die vorgesehene Schwerpunktversorgung durchsetzt. Handelsübliche Transportisolatoren sind für schwer kranke Personen nicht geeignet. Ohne deren Verwendung können Luftfahrzeuge jedoch nicht regelrecht dekontaminiert werden. Transporte sollen daher grundsätzlich auf dem Landweg erfolgen. Zur Unterstützung und Beratung der erstversorgenden Krankenhäuser und der örtlich zuständigen Amtsärzte sollen um die Behandlungszentren sog. Kompetenzzentren entstehen. Der Personal- und Platzbedarf bei der Versorgung eines an einem VHF Erkrankten in fortgeschrittenem Stadium ist höher als erwartet. Die adäquate Versorgung von Kranken in sog. Bettisolatoren ist nicht möglich. Routinelaboruntersuchungen müssen in der Behandlungseinheit erfolgen. Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung der Weiterverbreitung müssen stärker koordiniert werden. Die von uns vorgeschlagene Einteilung der Kontaktpersonen wird um eine Auflistung der empfohlenen Maßnahmen ergänzt.
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