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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The identification of fractions enriched in nonmyelinated axons from rat whole brain (1970)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 11 (1970), S. 392-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Subcellular fractionation ; Axons ; Synaptosomes ; Whole brain ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Subfractionation of a standard “synaptosome” fraction from whole brain has yielded two lighter layers rich in axonal segments devoid of synaptosomes similar to those obtained from cerebellar homogenates. The heavier layers were found to contain both synaptosomes and axonal segments plus a significant population of synaptosomes with axons attached. Quantitative studies of the percent perimeter of external membrane contributed by the various elements within the subfractions showed that the major constituents in decreasing order were axonal segments, synaptosomes, membranes of undetermined origin and free mitochondria. These findings have revealed that “synaptosome” preparations are more heterogeneous than previously reported and at the same time have indicated the possibility of future studies on axonal preparations from whole brain. Correlated biochemical data strongly suggest chemical differences in fractions rich in axonal segments in contrast to those enriched in synaptosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237913
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cholesterol and phospholipid composition of cerebellar fractions enriched in unmyelinated axons and synaptosomes (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 13 (1971), S. 504-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Axons ; Phospholipids ; Cholesterol ; Synaptosomes ; Cere-bellum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three distinct phospholipid patterns occurred in the mitochondrial subcellular fractions: a) myelin, b) axonal-synaptosomal and c) mitochondrial. Axonal and synaptosomal fractions were found to be very similar in phospholipid and cholesterol composition. In all submitochondrial fractions cholesterol, phosphatidyl serine and sphingomyelin occurred in the relatively constant molar ratio of 1.0∶0.18∶0.11. The phospholipid patterns reported in this paper correspond well to others published for synaptosomes and “synaptic membranes” from mammalian sources as well as axonal membranes from invertebrate sources. However, morphological analysis has indicated that axonal as well as synaptosomal fractions contained significant amounts of microsomes and abundant membranes of undetermined origin which must also be considered when attempting morphological-biochemical correlations. Attention was given to the possible functional and chemical similarity of axonal and synaptosomal membranes other than that portion presumably specialized for chemical transmission, and to the difficulty of establishing the lipid pattern of the “true synaptic membrane” in presently available preparations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234281
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of gangliosides, glycoprotein-NANA and acetylcholnesterase in axonal and synaptosomal fractions of cat cerebellum (1969)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 8 (1969), S. 97-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Axons ; Synaptosomes ; Gangliosides ; Glycoproteins ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Cerebellum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mild homogenization of the cat cerebellum and centrifugation of the resultant particulate matter yielded a crude mitochondrial fraction which was further fractionated by sucrose-density gradient centrifugation. The fractions obtained were examined under the electron microscope. Fraction P2A contained large numbers of myelin fragments. Fraction P2B was enriched in segments of unmyelinated axons. Fraction P2C was enriched in axons with their synaptic enlargements. Fractions P2D and P2E were composed predominately of free mitochondria, although axonal segments with bulbar enlargements corresponding to synaptosomes were also seen. Fractions enriched in axons were characterized by a high concentration of gangliosides and acetylcholinesterase (per mg protein). Fractions that contain axons with synaptic enlargements were similarly enriched in these constituents. Glycoprotein-NANA was rather widely distributed, but the concentration of glycoprotein-NANA, per mg protein, was somewhat higher in those fractions that contain axons with attached synaptic enlargements. The distribution of gangliosides and glycoproteins differed so that the ratio of glycoprotein-NANA to ganglioside-NANA increased with increasing particle size or density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234532
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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