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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Berlin : de Gruyter
    Keywords: Autoradiography ; Autoradiography
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: IX, 214 S. , Ill., graph. Darst. , Ill., graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Arbeitsmethoden der modernen Naturwissenschaften
    Language: German
    Note: Mit Literaturverz. (S. 182 - 208). - Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Fischer, Helmut Arthur: Autoradiography
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 393-405 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Peripheral nerve ; Polyamines ; Autoradiography ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der Autoradiographie von Semi- und Ultradünnschnitten wurde die Verteilung der Radioaktivität nach Applikation von 3H-Putrescin im intakten und im degenerierenden N. ischiadicus der Ratte sowie in Spinalganglien untersucht. Im intakten und im geschädigten Nerven war die Radioaktivität, die zum weit überwiegenden Anteil als Spermidin und Putrescin vorkam, in allen zellulären Bestandteilen des Nerven, im Cytoplasma, in den Kernen und sehr deutlich auch in den Markscheiden, lokalisiert. Im extrazellulären Raum und über den Kollagenfibrillen war demgegenüber nur eine sehr geringe Radioaktivität festzustellen. Die physiologische Funktion von Spermidin und Putrescin im Myelin und den anderen Zellbestandteilen wird in erster Linie im Zusammenhang mit der in diesen Strukturen ebenfalls lokalisierten RNA diskutiert, da zahlreiche Hinweise für eine Rolle der Polyamine in der RNA- und Proteinsynthese vorliegen.
    Notes: Summary The distribution of radioactivity from 3H-putrescine was studied in intact and degenerated sciatic nerves, and spinal ganglia of rats by means of high resolution autoradiography. During the first three days after the administration of the labeled putrescine, the main proportion of radioactive material in the nerves was represented by spermidine and putrescine. Both, in intact and degenerating nerves, developed silver grains were deposited in all cellular components of the nervous tissue, the myelin sheath being markedly tagged. Perineural tissue was also labeled considerably, however, there was no significant amount of label in the extracellular space and in the collagen fibrils. The possible physiological significance of putrescine and spermidine in myelin and in other cellular components of nerves is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigations of Transition Metal Complex Reactions, IV. Reactions of Complex Ligands, XVIII. Kinetic and Mechanism of the Insertion of 1-(Diethylamino)-1-propyne into the Metal-Carbene Bond of Pentacarbonyl(arylmethoxycarbene)chromium(0) and -tungsten(0)Pentacarbonyl(arylmethoxycarbene) complexes (CO)5M[C(p-C6H4R)OCH3] (M = Cr, W; R = CF3, Br, H, CH3, OCH3) (1a - g) add 1-(diethylamino)-1-propyne (2) via insertion of the alkyne into the metal-carbene bond. The formation of pentacarbonyl[(diethylamino)(2-aryl-2-methoxy-1-methylethenyl)carbene]chromium(0) and -tungsten(0) (3a - g) in octane follows a second-order rate law: d[3]/dt = k[1][2]. The tungsten complexes react faster than the analogous chromium compounds. Replacement of R = H by electron withdrawing substituents (CF3, Br) results in an increase, by electron donating groups (CH3, OCH3) in a decrease of the reaction rate. The activation enthalpies ΔH≠ are low (25.1 - 39.4 kJ · mol-1), the activation entropies ΔS≠ strongly negative (-129 to -145 J · mol- K-1). The results are discussed on the basis of an associative stepwise mechanism with an attack of the ynamine at the carbene carbon in the first reaction step.
    Notes: Pentacarbonyl(arylmethoxycarben)-Komplexe (CO)5M[C(p-C6H4R)OCH3] (M = Cr, W; R = CF3, Br, H, CH3, OCH3) (1a - g) addieren 1-(Diethylamino)-1-propin (2) unter Einschiebung des Alkins in die Metall-Carbenkohlenstoff-Bindung. Die Bildung von Pentacarbonyl[(diethylamino)(2-aryl-2-methoxy-1-methylethenyl)carben]chrom(0) und -wolfram(0) (3a - g) in Octan erfolgt nach einem Geschwindigkeitsgesetz zweiter Ordnung: d[3]/dt = k[1][2]. Die Wolframkomplexe reagieren schneller als die entsprechenden Chromverbindungen. Ersatz von R = H durch elektronenziehende Substituenten (Br, CF3) führt zu einer Erhöhung, durch elektronenspendende Gruppen (CH3, OCH3) zu einer Verringerung der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit. Die Aktivierungsenthalpien ΔH≠ sind niedrig (25.1 - 39.4 kJ · mol-1), die Aktivierungsentropien ΔS≠ stark negativ (-129 bis -145 Jmol-1 K-1). Die Ergebnisse werden auf der Grundlage eines mehrstufigen Mechanismus mit einem Angriff des Inamins am Carbenkohlenstoff im ersten Reaktionsschritt diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigations of Transition Metal Complex Reactions, XV1). Transition Metal Sulfur Ylide Complexes, XX2). Kinetic Evidence of [(CO)5Cr=CH2] in the Reaction of Pentacarbonyl[(dimethyloxosulfonio)-methanide]chromium(0) with Tertiary PhosphanesPentacarbonyl[(dimethyloxosulfonio)methanide]chromium(0), (CO)5Cr[CH2S(O)Me2] (1), reacts with tertiary phosphanes PR3 (2) (R = Ph, C6H4OMe-(p), C6H4Me-(p), C6H4Cl-(p)) to give pentacarbonyl(phosphonium ylide)chromium(0) complexes, (CO)5Cr[CH2PR3] (3), and dimethyl sulfoxide according to the first-order rate law. The reaction rate is independent on the type of the phosphane. The activation parameters for the reaction in 1,1,2-trichloroethane in the temperature range 39.6 to 68.0°C are ΔH≠ = 28.1 kcal · mol-1 and ΔS≠ = 12.7 cal · mol-1 · K-1. The reaction is initiated by irreversible dissociation of OSMe2 from 1. Addition of 2 to the carbene carbon of the resulting pentacarbonylmethylenechromium, [(CO)5Cr=CH2], yields 3 in a fast succeeding step. A mechanism involving rate determining dissociation of the Cr=CH2 bond can be excluded. These results represent the first evidence of a neutral, electrophilic carbonylmethylene complex.
    Notes: Pentacarbonyl[(dimethyloxosulfonio)methanid]chrom(0), (CO)5Cr[CH2S(O)Me2] (1), reagiert mit tertiären Phosphanen PR3 (2) (R = Ph, C6H4OMe-(p), C6H4Me-(p), C6H4Cl-(p)) nach dem Geschwindigkeitsgesetz erster Ordnung zu Pentacarbonyl(phosphorylid)chrom(0)-Komplexen, (CO)5Cr[CH2PR3] (3), und Dimethylsulfoxid. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit ist von der Art des Phosphans unabhängig. Die Aktivierungsparameter für die Reaktion in 1,1,2-Trichlorethan im Temperaturbereich von 39.6-68.0°C sind ΔH≠ = 28.1 kcal · mol-1 und ΔS≠ = 12.7 cal · mol-1. K-1. Die Reaktion wird durch irreversible Dissoziation von OSMe2 vom Komplex 1 eingeleitet. An das Carbenkohlenstoffatom des resultierenden Pentacarbonylmethylenchroms, [(CO)5Cr=CH2], addiert sich dann 2 in einem raschen Folgeschritt unter Bildung von 3. Ein Mechanismus über einen geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Cr-CH2-Bindungsbruch kann ausgeschlossen werden. Diese Ergebnisse sind der erste Nachweis eines neutralen elektrophilen Carbonylmethylen-Komplexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigations of Transition Metal Complex Reactions, XVIII. Insertion of Diorganylcyanamides into the Metal-Carbene Bond - Preparative and Kinetic InvestigationsArylcarbene(pentacarbonyl) complexes, (CO)5M[C(Ph)R1] (M = Cr, Mo, W; R1 = Ph, OMe), react with diorganylcyanamides, R2R3N—C ≡ N (R2, R3 = Me, Et, Pr, iPr, Ph), via insertion of the C≡N group into the metal-carbene bond to give {[(arylmethylene)amino]-(diorganylamino)carbene}pentacarbonyl complexes, (CO)5M[C(NR2R3)N=C(Ph)R1]. The reaction follows a second-order rate law, first order each in the concentrations of the complex and the cyanamide. The rate constant increases slightly with increasing ability of the amino substituents R2 and R3 to donate electron density. The activation enthalpies are small (ΔH≠ = 37.5 to 40.6 kJ · mol-1), the activation entropies are strongly negative (ΔS≠ = -123 to -133 J · mol-1 · K-1). The reaction is initiated by nucleophilic attack of the cyanamide via the nitrile nitrogen at the carbene carbon.
    Notes: Arylcarben(pentacarbonyl)-Komplexe, (CO)5M[C(Ph)R1] (M = Cr, Mo, W; R1 = Ph, OMe), reagieren mit Diorganylcyanamiden, R2R3N—C ≡ N (R2, R3 = Me, Et, Pr, iPr, Ph), unter Einschiebung der C≡ N-Funktion in die Metall-Carbenkohlenstoff-Bindung zu den {[(Arylmethylen)amino](diorganylamino)carben}pentacarbonyl-Komplexen (CO)5M-[C(NR2R3)N=C(Ph)R1]. Die Reaktion erfolgt nach einem Geschwindigkeitsgesetz zweiter Ordnung, jeweils von erster Ordnung bezüglich der Komplex- und der Cyanamid-Konzentration. Die Geschwindigkeitskonstante nimmt mit steigender Donatorstärke der Amino-substituenten R2 und R3 geringfügig zu. Die Aktivierungsenthalpien sind niedrig (ΔH≠ = 37.5 bis 40.6 kJ · mol-1), die Aktivierungsentropien stark negativ (ΔS≠ = -123 bis -133 J · mol-1 · K-1). Die Reaktion wird durch einen nucleophilen Angriff des Cyanamids über den Nitril-Stickstoff am Carbenkohlenstoffatom eingeleitet.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 811-814 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The cationic [3,3-bis(tert-butyl)-2-azoniaallenylidene]pentacarbonyl complexes [(CO)5M(CNC(tBu)2)]⊖ AlBr4⊕ (2) [M=Cr (a), W (b)] which are synthesized by the reaction of (CO)5M-[C(OEt)N=C(tBu)2] (1) with AlBr3, react with tetrahydrofuran via addition of Br⊖ to give the isocyanide complexes (CO)5M-C≡N-C(tBu)2Br (3). Under nitrogen at room temperature, 3b decomposes in solution within ca. two hours to give the binuclear diisocyanide complex [(CO)5W-C≡N]2C(tBu)2 (4b). When the same conditions are applied to solutions of 3b in the presence of oxygen or of galvinoxyl 3b is stable. The structure of 4b was confirmed by an X-ray analysis.
    Notes: Die kationischen [3,3-Bis(tert-butyl)-2-azoniaallenyliden]pentacarbonyl-Komplexe [(CO)5M(CNC(tBu)2)⊖ (2) [M=Cr (a), W (b)] - darstellbar durch Umsetzung von (CO)5M[C(OEt)- N=C(tBu)2] (1) mit AlBr3 - reagieren mit Tetrahydrofuran unter Addition von Br⊕ zu den Isocyanid-Komplexen (CO)5M - C≡N-C(tBu)2Br (3). Bei Raumtemperatur zersetzt sich 3b unter Stickstoff in Lösung innerhalb von ca. zwei Stunden zu dem zweikernigen Diisocyanid-Komplex [(CO)5W-C≡N]2C(tBu)2 (4b), in Gegenwart von Sauerstoff oder von Galvinoxyl ist 3b unter ansonsten gleichen Bedingungen stabil. Die Struktur von 4b wurde durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse gesichert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 1799-1804 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cyclopentenylidene complexes ; Bis(methylene)cyclopentene ; Alkynylcarbene complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclopentenylidene Complexes from Alkinylcarbene Complexes, Aryllithium and H+[Alkoxy(phenylethynyl)carbene]pentacarbonyl complexes of chromium and tungsten, (CO)5M[C(C≡CPh)OR] (1) (M = Cr, W, R = Me, Et) react with Li[C6H4R′-p] (R′ = H, Me) and HBF4 - Et2O to give the vinylcarbene complexes (CO)5-M{C[CH=C(Ph)C6H4R′-p]OR} 2 and two isomeric cyclopentenylidene complexes 3 and 4. The cyclopentenylidene ligand is formed from two carbene ligands of 1, [C6H4R′-p]- and H+. The structure of 4a (M = W, R = Et, R′ = Me) is established by an X-ray structure analysis. The product ratio strongly depends on the reaction conditions. The complex 3c (M = Cr, R = R′ = Me) reacts with ethyl vinyl ether to give the 3,5-bis(methylene)cyclopentene derivative 8 by metathesis.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1-Thia-3-azoniabutatriene salts ; 2-Azoniaallene salts ; 1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1-Thia-3-azoniabutatriene salts 1 react with alcohols, carbonyl compounds, diazo alkanes, nitrile oxides, nitrones, enamines, and 1,3-butadienes in all cases at the C=S double bond to yield new types of 2-azoniaallene salts (3, 9a, b, 13a, b, 18, 22) and other imines (2, 20). An X-ray diffraction analysis for 9b, the reaction product of 1b with 9-diazofluorene, confirms the proposed constitution.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Vinylidene complexes ; Cyclobutenylidene complexes ; Cyclobutenone ; Cyanamide complexes ; Butatriene, tetraphenyl- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Donor-Substituted Cyclobutenylidene Complexes and Cyclobutenones from Vinylidene Complexes and Electron-Rich AlkynesPentacarbonyl(vinylidene) complexes of chromium and tungsten, (CO)5M=C=C(R1)R2 (1) [M=W: R1=R2=Ph (a), R1 = tBu, R2=Et (b), Me (c); M=Cr: R1=tBu, R2=Me (d)] react with 1-(diethylamino)-1-propyne by regiospecific addition of the C≡C bond of the alkyne to the Cα=Cβ bond of the vinylidene ligand to form the cyclobutenylidene complexes 2a-d. Oxidative cleavage of the cyclobutenylidene ligand from 2a-d gives the corresponding cyclobutenones. The reactions of 1b with bis(diethylamino)acetylene and of 1a with 1-ethoxy-1-propyne afford the cyclobutenylidene complexes 3b and 4a, respectively. In contrast, 1a reacts with diorganylcyanamides, N≡CNR2 (R=Me, Et, iPr), by ligand displacement and formation of tetraphenylbutatriene and diorganyl-cyanamide complexes. The structures of 2c and 4a were established by X-ray analyses.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 126 (1993), S. 2373-2378 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Imidazolium manganese complexes ; Carbene complexes ; Cyclization ; Carbyne manganese complexes, cationic ; Cyanamides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Coupling of Cyanamides with a Carbyne Ligand - Formation of η2-(C,N)-Imidazolium Complexes and Ansa-Carbene ComplexesHerrn Prof. Dr. Ernst Otto Fischer zum 75. Geburtstag gewidmet.Dicarbonyl(cyclopentadienyl)(phenylcarbyne)manganese complexes [Cp(CO)2Mn≡CPh]+X- (1-X) (X = BF4, BCl4) react with dimethyl- (2a), diethyl- (2b), and diisopropylcyanamide (2c) in five-fold excess by a head-to-tail cyclization of two cyanamides with the carbyne ligand to give η2-(C,N)-imidazolium complexes (3a-c-X). As byproducts ansa-amino(alkylide-neamino)carbene complexes (4a-c) are formed in which a N=C(Ph) group bridges the carbene carbon and the Cp ring. With increasing excess of the cyanamide the product ratio 3-X: 4 increases. Among the products of the reaction of 1-X with the cyanamides N≡CNR2 [NR2 = N(iBu)2, N(Bzl)2, N(Me)Ph] no imidazolium complexes 3-X are detected, only ansa-carbene complexes 4 are isolated. PMe3/H2O or pyridine/H2O displaces the heterocyclic ligand from 3a-BF4. The structure of 3a-BF4 is established by an X-ray analysis.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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